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Articles 1 - 30 of 50
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Exploring Magneto-Excitons In Bulk And Mono-Layer Semiconductors Using Non-Linear Spectroscopy Techniques, Varun Mapara
Exploring Magneto-Excitons In Bulk And Mono-Layer Semiconductors Using Non-Linear Spectroscopy Techniques, Varun Mapara
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The research in two-dimensional (2D) materials has evolved from ``traditional" quantum wells based on group III-V and II-VI semiconductors to atomically thin sheets of van der Waals materials such as 2D semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs). These 2D materials remain a stimulating field that continues to introduce new challenges. From both a fundamental physics and technological perspective, magneto-optical spectroscopy has been an essential tool in this research field. TMDs, for example, pose the challenge of characterizing their spin-valley-resolved physics and deriving implications in quantum computation and information research. With the discovery of valley Zeeman effects, the spin-valley physics of TMDs …
Understanding Students’ Global Interdependence In Science Instruction, Walter S. Smith
Understanding Students’ Global Interdependence In Science Instruction, Walter S. Smith
Journal of Global Education and Research
Multiple American educational organizations such as the National Education Association, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, and the Council of Chief State School Officers have advocated for globalizing the K-12 curriculum. The National Science Teaching Association (NSTA) in a position statement on international education and the Next Generation Science Standards have produced goals and standards for internationalizing the science curriculum by addressing topics such as climate change, environment, and disease that cross borders. In contrast to those pronouncements on the curriculum, this article views global science education through an instructional lens that focuses on a students’ global interdependence in science …
Crystal Structure Prediction Of Materials At Extreme Conditions, Ashley S. Williams
Crystal Structure Prediction Of Materials At Extreme Conditions, Ashley S. Williams
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The prediction of the structure of a crystal given only the constituent elements is one of the greatest challenges in both materials science and computational science alike. If one were to try to predict a novel crystal by brute force, meaning by arranging the atoms in every possible position of the unit cell and optimizing the geometry to find the energy minima of the potential energy surface, the amount of computer resources required to complete the calculation on the timescale of a few years would vastly exceed the currently installed computational capacity of the entire world. Fortunately, several methods have …
Texturing In Bi2Te3 Alloy Thermoelectric Materials: An Applied Physics Investigation, Oluwagbemiga P. Ojo
Texturing In Bi2Te3 Alloy Thermoelectric Materials: An Applied Physics Investigation, Oluwagbemiga P. Ojo
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Thermoelectric devices provide the means for direct conversion between heat and electricity. The device conversion efficiency, or performance, is directly related to the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, of the working materials. Bismuth telluride alloys are the materials currently in use in most thermoelectric devices for near room temperature solid-state refrigeration and power conversion applications. The vast majority of publications in the literature on thermoelectricity report on investigations towards developing new materials with enhanced thermoelectric properties, however Bi2Te3 alloys have been used in thermoelectric devices for decades.
In this thesis, an investigation of crystallographic texturing on large …
Vermiculations In Painted Caves: New Inputs From Laboratory Experiments And Field Observations, Perrine Freydier, Eric Weber, Jérôme Martin, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Béatrice Guerrier, Frédéric Doumenc
Vermiculations In Painted Caves: New Inputs From Laboratory Experiments And Field Observations, Perrine Freydier, Eric Weber, Jérôme Martin, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Béatrice Guerrier, Frédéric Doumenc
International Journal of Speleology
Vermiculations are aggregates of small particles commonly found on cave walls. They are a major concern for the conservation of painted caves, as they can potentially alter valuable prehistoric cave paintings. A previous rheological study of fine sediment deposits on cave walls revealed that this material can undergo a solid-to-liquid transition triggered by variations in the chemical composition of the water film on the wall. Such a transition could occur at the origin of vermiculations by allowing the sediment to flow under low mechanical stress. In this work, we provide quantitative information on the conditions leading to this transition and …
Laser-Induced Modifications In Two-Dimensional Materials, Tariq Afaneh
Laser-Induced Modifications In Two-Dimensional Materials, Tariq Afaneh
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted a growing interest in the lastdecade from the fundamental point of view as well as their potential applications in functional devices. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, the physical properties of 2D materials are very sensitive to the environmental factor such as surrounding media and illumination conditions (e.g. light-mater interaction). In the first part of this dissertation I will present recent advances in developing laser-assisted methods to tune the physical properties of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). We demonstrate laser-assisted chemical modification ultrathin TMDs, locally replacing selenium by sulfur atoms. The photo-conversion process …
Van Der Waals Epitaxy Of Ultrathin Early Transition Metal (Ti & V) (Di)Selenides: Charge And Magnetic Order In The Ultrathin Limit, Manuel Bonilla Lopez
Van Der Waals Epitaxy Of Ultrathin Early Transition Metal (Ti & V) (Di)Selenides: Charge And Magnetic Order In The Ultrathin Limit, Manuel Bonilla Lopez
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Since the isolation of graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, specially the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), have attracted immense interest from theoreticians and experimentalist due to the diversity of properties presented in this family of materials. The main reason for the interest in such materials has been the observation of emergent properties as a consequence of the reduced dimensions, i.e. the monolayer regime. Initially the monolayer regime was obtained via the scotch-tape method. The implementation of exfoliation techniques was successful since layered 2D materials are composed of stacked layers held together by weak van der Walls forces that permits …
Growth And Characterization Of 2d Layered Materials, Algene Fryer Ii
Growth And Characterization Of 2d Layered Materials, Algene Fryer Ii
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
2D layered materials are becoming an important area of research due to their exceptional electrical and optical properties. Specifically, 2D layered monochalcogenides are known for their high carrier motilities, whereas layered metal halides have been shown to have noteworthy photoresponsivity. Despite the assortment of 2D layered materials, the search for reliable and scalable synthesis methods is still a challenge in this family of materials. Often a certain growth technique will compromise a desirable trait needed for further fabrication, such as the quality of the crystal or its coverage on a substrate. In this study, two growth techniques that incorporate changeable …
First-Principles Simulations Of Materials Under Extreme Conditions, Kien Nguyen Cong
First-Principles Simulations Of Materials Under Extreme Conditions, Kien Nguyen Cong
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The investigation of materials at extreme conditions of high pressure and temperature (high-PT), has been one of the greatest scientific endeavors in condensed mater physics, chemistry, astronomy, planetary, and material sciences. Being subjected to high-PT conditions, materials exhibit dramatic changes in both atomic and electronic structure resulting in an emergence of exceptionally interesting phenomena including structural and electronic phase transitions, chemical reactions, and formation of novel compounds with never-previously observed physical and chemical properties. Although new exciting experimental developments in static and dynamic compression combined with new diagnostics/characterization methods allow to uncover new processes and phenomena at high P-T conditions, …
Phase Evolution And Dynamic Behavior In Materials With Noncollinear Spin Textures, Eleanor M. Clements
Phase Evolution And Dynamic Behavior In Materials With Noncollinear Spin Textures, Eleanor M. Clements
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Noncentrosymmetric magnetic materials have gained special attention due to their ability to stabilize topologically nontrivial magnetic states via the competition between symmetric exchange and the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction. The spin struc- tures in these materials have become a center of interest for spintronics applications due to their stable, particle-like properties, and high degree of tunability via control of external parameters, such as magnetic and/or electric field and temperature. Understanding how these robust magnetic structures stabilize, evolve, dynamically respond, and adhere to existing models, all in the presence of external stimuli, are topics of fundamental interest. In this dissertation, the …
Physical Electronic Properties Of Self-Assembled 2d And 3d Surface Mounted Metal-Organic Frameworks, Radwan Elzein
Physical Electronic Properties Of Self-Assembled 2d And 3d Surface Mounted Metal-Organic Frameworks, Radwan Elzein
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Metal-organic frameworks stand at the frontiers of molecular electronic research because they combine desirable physical properties of organic and inorganic components. They are crystalline porous solids constructed by inorganic nodes coordinated to organic ligands to form 1D, 2D, or 3D structures. They possess unique characteristics such as ultrahigh surface area crystal lattices up to 10000 m2 g-1, and tunable nanoporous sizes ranging from 0.2 to 50 nm. Their unprecedented structural diversity and flexibility beyond solid state materials can lead to unique properties such as tailorable electronic and ionic conductivity which can serve as interesting platforms for a …
The Effect Of Processing Conditions On The Energetic Diagram Of Cdte Thin Films Studied By Photoluminescence, Shamara P. Collins
The Effect Of Processing Conditions On The Energetic Diagram Of Cdte Thin Films Studied By Photoluminescence, Shamara P. Collins
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The photovoltaic properties of CdTe-based thin films depend on recombination levels formed in the CdTe layer and at the heterojunction. The localized states are resultant of structural defects (metal sublattice, chalcogen sublattice, interstitial), controlled doping, deposition process, and/or post-deposition annealing. The photoluminescence study of CdTe thin films, from both the bulk and heterojunction, can reveal radiative states due to different defects or impurities. Identification of defects allows for potential explanation of their roles and influence on solar cell performance. A thorough understanding of the material properties responsible for solar cell performance is critical in further advancing the efficiency of devices. …
Characterization Of Computed Tomography Radiomic Features Using Texture Phantoms, Muhammad Shafiq Ul Hassan
Characterization Of Computed Tomography Radiomic Features Using Texture Phantoms, Muhammad Shafiq Ul Hassan
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Radiomics treats images as quantitative data and promises to improve cancer prediction in radiology and therapy response assessment in radiation oncology. However, there are a number of fundamental problems that need to be solved in order to potentially apply radiomic features in clinic. The first basic step in computed tomography (CT) radiomic analysis is the acquisition of images using selectable image acquisition and reconstruction parameters. Radiomic features have shown large variability due to variation of these parameters. Therefore, it is important to develop methods to address these variability issues in radiomic features due to each CT parameter. To this end, …
Computational Discovery Of Energetic Polynitrogen Compounds At High Pressure, Brad A. Steele
Computational Discovery Of Energetic Polynitrogen Compounds At High Pressure, Brad A. Steele
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
High-nitrogen-content energetic compounds containing multiple N-N bonds are an attractive alternative towards developing new generation of environmentally friendly, and more powerful energetic materials. High-N content translates into much higher heat of formation resulting in much larger energy output, detonation pressure and velocity upon conversion to large amounts of non-toxic, strongly bonded N2 gas. This thesis describes recent advances in the computational discovery of group-I alkali and hydrogen polynitrogen materials at high pressures using powerful first-principles evolutionary crystal structure prediction methods. This is highlighted by the discovery of a new family of materials that consist of long-sought after all-nitrogen N 5 …
Design And Simulation Of A Miniature Cylindrical Mirror Auger Electron Energy Analyzer With Secondary Electron Noise Suppression, Jay A. Bieber
Design And Simulation Of A Miniature Cylindrical Mirror Auger Electron Energy Analyzer With Secondary Electron Noise Suppression, Jay A. Bieber
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In the nanoscale metrology industry, there is a need for low-cost instruments, which have the ability to probe the structrure and elemental composition of thin films. This dissertation, describes the research performed to design and simulate a miniature Cylindrical Mirror Analyzer, (CMA), and Auger Electron Spectrometer, (AES). The CMA includes an integrated coaxial thermionic electron source. Electron optics simulations were performed using the Finite Element Method, (FEM), software COMSOL. To address the large Secondary Electron, (SE), noise, inherent in AES spectra, this research also included experiments to create structures in materials, which were intended to suppress SE backgound noise in …
Manipulating Electromagnetic Waves With Enhanced Functionalities Using Nonlinear And Chiral Metamaterials, Sinhara Rishi Malinda Silva
Manipulating Electromagnetic Waves With Enhanced Functionalities Using Nonlinear And Chiral Metamaterials, Sinhara Rishi Malinda Silva
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Metamaterials are artificial structures, which periodically arranged to exhibit fascinating electromagnetic properties, not existing in nature. A great deal of research in the field of metamaterial was conducted in a linear regime, where the electromagnetic responses are independent of the external electric or magnetic fields. Unfortunately, in linear regime the desired properties of metamaterials have only been achieved within a narrow bandwidth, around a fixed frequency. Therefore, nonlinearity is introduced into metamaterials by merging meta-atoms with well-known nonlinear materials. Nonlinear metamaterials are exploited in this dissertation to introduce and develop applications in microwave frequency with broadband responses. The nonlinearity was …
Growth, Characterization, And Function Of Ferroelectric, Ferromagnetic Thin Films And Their Heterostructures, Mahesh Hordagoda
Growth, Characterization, And Function Of Ferroelectric, Ferromagnetic Thin Films And Their Heterostructures, Mahesh Hordagoda
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
With recent trends in miniaturization in the electronics sector, ferroelectrics have gained popularity due to their applications in non-volatile RAM. Taking one step further researchers are now exploring multiferroic devices that overcome the drawbacks of ferroelectric (FE) and ferromagnetic (FM) RAM’s while retaining the advantages of both. The work presented in this dissertation focuses on the growth of FE and FM thin film structures. The primary goals of this work include, (1) optimization of the parameters in the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of FE and FM films and their heterostructures, (2) development of a structure-property relation that leads to enhancements …
Photopolymerization Synthesis Of Magnetic Nanoparticle Embedded Nanogels For Targeted Biotherapeutic Delivery, Daniel Jonwal Denmark
Photopolymerization Synthesis Of Magnetic Nanoparticle Embedded Nanogels For Targeted Biotherapeutic Delivery, Daniel Jonwal Denmark
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Conventional therapeutic techniques treat the patient by delivering a biotherapeutic to the entire body rather than the target tissue. In the case of chemotherapy, the biotherapeutic is a drug that kills healthy and diseased cells indiscriminately which can lead to undesirable side effects. With targeted delivery, biotherapeutics can be delivered directly to the diseased tissue significantly reducing exposure to otherwise healthy tissue. Typical composite delivery devices are minimally composed of a stimuli responsive polymer, such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), allowing for triggered release when heated beyond approximately 32 °C, and magnetic nanoparticles which enable targeting as well as provide a mechanism for …
Interference Of Light In Multilayer Metasurfaces: Perfect Absorber And Antireflection Coating, Khagendra Prasad Bhattarai
Interference Of Light In Multilayer Metasurfaces: Perfect Absorber And Antireflection Coating, Khagendra Prasad Bhattarai
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
We have studied several metamaterials structures with multiple layers by explaining them theoretically and verifying experimentally. The engineered structures we have designed work either as a perfect absorber or antireflection coating. The multilayer model as we call it Three Layer Model (TLM) has been developed, which gives the total reflection and transmission as a function of reflection and transmission of individual layers. By manipulating the amplitude and phase of the reflection and the transmission of the individual layers, we can get the required functionality of the optoelectronic devices. To get zero reflection in the both perfect absorber and the antireflection …
Reduced Dimensionality Effects In Gd-Based Magnetocaloric Materials, Hillary Faith Belliveau
Reduced Dimensionality Effects In Gd-Based Magnetocaloric Materials, Hillary Faith Belliveau
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Magnetic refrigeration based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is a promising alternative to conventional gas compression based cooling techniques. Understanding impacts of reduced dimensionality on the magnetocaloric response of a material such as Gadolinium (Gd) or its alloys is essential in optimizing the performance of cooling devices, which is also the overall goal of this thesis. We have determined, in the first part of the thesis, that laminate structures of pure Gd produced by magnetron sputtering have several disadvantages. The target material (pure Gd), ultra-high vacuum components, and the electrical energy it takes to run the manufacturing process are all …
Confinement Effects And Magnetic Interactions In Magnetic Nanostructures, Kristen Lee Stojak Repa
Confinement Effects And Magnetic Interactions In Magnetic Nanostructures, Kristen Lee Stojak Repa
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Multifunctional nanocomposites are promising for a variety of applications ranging from microwave devices to biomedicine. High demand exists for magnetically tunable nanocomposite materials. My thesis focuses on synthesis and characterization of novel nanomaterials such as polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with magnetic nanoparticle (NP) fillers.
Magnetite (Fe3O4) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) NPs with controlled shape, size, and crystallinity were successfully synthesized and used as PNC fillers in a commercial polymer provided by the Rogers Corporation and poly(vinylidene fluoride). Magnetic and microwave experiments were conducted under frequencies of 1-6 GHz in the presence of …
Novel Magnetic Nanostructures For Enhanced Magnetic Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy, Zohreh Nemati Porshokouh
Novel Magnetic Nanostructures For Enhanced Magnetic Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy, Zohreh Nemati Porshokouh
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, I present the results of a systematic study on novel multifunctional nanostructure systems for magnetic hyperthermia applications. All the samples have been synthesized, structurally/magnetically characterized, and tested for magnetic hyperthermia treatment at the Functional Materials Laboratory of the University South Florida. This work includes studies on four different systems: (i) Core/shell Fe/γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles; (ii) Spherical and cubic exchange coupled FeO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles; (iii) Fe3O4 nano-octopods with different sizes; (iv) High aspect ratio FeCo nanowires and Fe3O4 nanorods.
In particular, we demonstrated the enhancement of the heating …
Effect Of Void Fraction On Transverse Shear Modulus Of Advanced Unidirectional Composites, Jui-He Tai
Effect Of Void Fraction On Transverse Shear Modulus Of Advanced Unidirectional Composites, Jui-He Tai
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In composite materials, transverse shear modulus is a critical moduli parameter for designing complex composite structures. For dependable mathematical modeling of mechanical behavior of composite materials, an accurate estimate of the moduli parameters is critically important as opposed to estimates of strength parameters where underestimation may lead to a non-optimal design but still would give one a safe one.
Although there are mechanical and empirical models available to find transverse shear modulus, they are based on many assumptions. In this work, the model is based on a three-dimensional elastic finite element analysis with multiple cells. To find the shear modulus, …
Preparation And Characterization Of Van Der Waals Heterostructures, Horacio Coy Diaz
Preparation And Characterization Of Van Der Waals Heterostructures, Horacio Coy Diaz
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation different van der Waals heterostructures such as graphene-MoS2 and MoTe2-MoS2 were prepared and characterized. In the first heterostructure, polycrystalline graphene was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and transferred on top of MoS2 single crystal. In the second heterostructure, MoTe2 monolayers were deposited on MoS2 by molecular beam epitaxy.
Characterization of graphene-MoS2 heterostructures was conducted by spin and angle resolve spectroscopy which showed that the electronic structure of the bulk MoS2 and graphene in this van der Waals heterostructures is modified. For MoS2 underneath the graphene, a band …
Nano-Photonic Waveguides For Chemical And Biomedical Sensing, Surya Venkatasekhar Cheemalapati
Nano-Photonic Waveguides For Chemical And Biomedical Sensing, Surya Venkatasekhar Cheemalapati
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, advances in the fields of Photonics, and Plasmonics, and specifically, single cell analysis and waveguide sensing will be addressed. The first part of the dissertation is on Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) optimization and experimental demonstration of a nano-scale instrument that allows sensing at the cellular and subcellular levels. A new design of plasmonic coupler into a nanoscale waveguide is proposed and optimized using FDTD simulations. Following this, a subcellular nanoendoscope that can locally excite fluorescence in labelled cell organelles and collect the emitted fluorescent light for detailed spectrum analysis is fabricated and tested. The nanoendoscope has …
Increasing 18f-Fdg Pet/Ct Capabilities In Radiotherapy For Lung And Esophageal Cancer Via Image Feature Analysis, Jasmine Alexandria Oliver
Increasing 18f-Fdg Pet/Ct Capabilities In Radiotherapy For Lung And Esophageal Cancer Via Image Feature Analysis, Jasmine Alexandria Oliver
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an imaging modality that has become increasingly beneficial in Radiotherapy by improving treatment planning (1). PET reveals tumor volumes that are not well visualized on computed tomography CT or MRI, recognizes metastatic disease, and assesses radiotherapy treatment (1). It also reveals areas of the tumor that are more radiosensitive allowing for dose painting - a non-homogenous dose treatment across the tumor (1). However, PET is not without limitations. The quantitative unit of PET images, the Standardized Uptake Value (SUV), is affected by many factors such as reconstruction algorithm, patient weight, and tracer uptake time (2). …
Tio2-Based Nanomaterials For Advanced Environmental And Energy-Related Applications, Xujie Lü, Baoyu Xia, Yefeng Yang, Hao Tang
Tio2-Based Nanomaterials For Advanced Environmental And Energy-Related Applications, Xujie Lü, Baoyu Xia, Yefeng Yang, Hao Tang
Physics Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Optical Communication Using Hybrid Micro Electro Mechanical Structures (Mems) And Commercial Corner Cube Retroreflector (Ccr), Sunny Kedia
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation presents a free-space, long-range, passive optical communication system that uses electrostatically modulated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structures coupled with a glass total internal reflection (TIR)-type corner cube retroreflector (CCR) as a non-emitting data transmitter. A CCR consists of three mirrors orthogonal to each other, so that the incident beam is reflected back to the incident beam, source. The operational concept is to have a MEMS modulator fusion with TIR CCR, such that the modulators are working periodically to disrupt the evanescent waves at the air interface of one of the three back glass faces of a TIR CCR. The …
In Vacuo Fabrication And Electronic Structure Characterization Of Atomic Layer Deposition Thin Films, Michael Schaefer
In Vacuo Fabrication And Electronic Structure Characterization Of Atomic Layer Deposition Thin Films, Michael Schaefer
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Improvement of novel electronic devices is possible by tailor-designing the electronic structure at device interfaces. Common problems observed at interfaces are related to unwanted band alignment caused by the chemical diversity of interface partners, influencing device performance negatively. One way to address this problem is by introducing ultra-thin interfacial dipole layers, steering the band alignment in a desired direction. The requirements are strict in terms of thickness, conformity and low density of defects, making sophisticated deposition techniques necessary. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) with its Ångstrom-precise thickness control can fulfill those requirements.
The work presented here encompasses the implementation of an …
Investigation Of Low Thermal Conductivity Materials With Potential For Thermoelectric Applications, Kaya Wei
Investigation Of Low Thermal Conductivity Materials With Potential For Thermoelectric Applications, Kaya Wei
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Thermoelectric devices make it possible for direct energy conversion between heat and electricity. In order to achieve a high energy conversion efficiency, materials with a high thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT = S2σT/κ, where S is the Seebeck coefficient, σ is the electrical conductivity, T is the absolute temperature, and κ is the thermal conductivity) are in great demand. The standard approach is to optimize charge carrier transport while at the same time scatter the heat transport, a task that is easier said than done. Improving the electrical properties in order to increase ZT is limited since electrons …