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2020

Special Education and Teaching

Bethel University

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Full-Text Articles in Education

All Students Are Worthy: A Comparison Of Special Education Within Countries, Makenna Brown Nov 2020

All Students Are Worthy: A Comparison Of Special Education Within Countries, Makenna Brown

Library Research Prize Student Works

Dating back to the 1800’s, people with a disability have been thrown into mental institutions, beaten, abused, and underestimated. For those with a disability, having an opportunity to be educated was not thought possible. They have been deemed as unqualified or not worth the time to educate. It was not until the late 1960’s into the early 1970’s that parents and others started advocating for equal rights. Since this time, countries around the world are attempting to fix the inequalities of people with a disability by creating laws to allow for them to gain an education and create hope for …

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The Effects Of Inclusion For Teachers, Special Education, And General Education Students In General Education Classrooms, Rachel O'Neill Jan 2020

The Effects Of Inclusion For Teachers, Special Education, And General Education Students In General Education Classrooms, Rachel O'Neill

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With the current special education policies in place in the United States, solutions must be found in order to equitably meet the academic, social and emotional needs for all types of students found in a classroom. One of the most practiced solutions found in schools today, is the inclusion of special education students in mainstream classrooms. Inclusion can provide many benefits to teachers, general education and special education students when executed properly. When not executed properly, inclusion can cause undue stress to both teachers and students. This literature review will examine the effects of inclusion on teachers, special education, and …

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Only You Can Prevent Burnout?: Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction Among Special Education Teachers, Alicia Michelle Alexander Jan 2020

Only You Can Prevent Burnout?: Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction Among Special Education Teachers, Alicia Michelle Alexander

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Special education teacher (SET) burnout is a complex problem impacting teacher health, student outcomes, and job satisfaction. This review examined burnout literature with special education teachers as participants in US studies between 1973-2020. Studies reviewed support SET burnout as an interaction between personal and occupational variables. Overall, it is likely that each burnout component is influenced by a different set of internal and external factors. The most supported factors for SET burnout were perception, role conflict, role ambiguity, and administrator support. Possible treatments should address the underlying factors of SET burnout rather than its symptoms. Future research should inform the …

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Adding Movement To Enhance Learning In Special Education, Jennifer S. Ammermann Jan 2020

Adding Movement To Enhance Learning In Special Education, Jennifer S. Ammermann

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Academic achievements, standardized tests, and school accountability have resulted in children spending more time with seatwork and less time in recess and physical education. Recent brain research shows that cognitive skills develop with motor skills and cannot be isolated; children need instruction and practice with both skills. Schools and classrooms are providing more opportunities for movement with physical activity breaks during instructional times. Students with learning disabilities often have persistent primary reflexes that do not develop into postural reflexes, which are necessary school readiness skills such as attention, balance, and coordination. The purpose of this research is to review literature …

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Perspectives On The Quality Of The Student-Teacher Relationship Between Students With A Disability And Typically Developing Students And Developmental Outcomes, Hannah Rae Bast Jan 2020

Perspectives On The Quality Of The Student-Teacher Relationship Between Students With A Disability And Typically Developing Students And Developmental Outcomes, Hannah Rae Bast

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Little research has compared the student-teacher relationship between students with a disability and students with typical development. More specifically, the quality of the relationship between the student and the teacher. Measuring the amount of conflict, closeness, and how dependent the student is on their teacher within that relationship. Most relationships were viewed as negative by the teacher for students with a disability while most relationships with typically developing students were viewed as positive. These relationships showed less conflict, dependency, and higher levels of closeness. Developmental outcomes are examined in the present research in the areas of academic performance, behavior, and …

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Identifying The Best Practices For The Twice Exceptional Learner, Edison Boelter Jan 2020

Identifying The Best Practices For The Twice Exceptional Learner, Edison Boelter

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The objective of this thesis is to find the best research-based practices available for the twice exceptional learner. Twice exceptional learners are a growing percentage of the population in the academic community, and yet educators are greatly unprepared to work with these students. Through literary reviewed studies and research, it became possible to identify useful information as to how to educate and prepare teachers to work with twice exceptional learners. These literature reviewed studies and research demonstrated that twice exceptional students need a person-centered approach that is also able to meet their unique social and emotional needs. These literature reviewed …

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How Does Work-Based Learning Help Prepare Students For Life After High School, Frank A. Cacich Jan 2020

How Does Work-Based Learning Help Prepare Students For Life After High School, Frank A. Cacich

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Work based learning is part of career and technical education that can help students to be better prepared for life after highschool. There are many different types of programs that make up a work based learning programming. These programs are for both Special Education students and general education students. Programming can encompass job shadowing, youth apprenticeships, clinical internships or practicums, and work experience programming. Another part of Work-Based Learning (WBL) is career and Technical Student Organizations (CTSO). These are different student run organizations where youth can learn business, agriculture, health and other varying work based skills from professionals in the …

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Effective Social Emotional Lessons And Strategies For Center Based Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disabilities, Kevin M. Collings Jan 2020

Effective Social Emotional Lessons And Strategies For Center Based Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disabilities, Kevin M. Collings

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Social Emotional Learning (SEL) has become a popular phrase in all aspects of the educational world of the last couple decades. Research shows the clear need for teaching students the skills they need to function socially and emotionally. This is becoming increasingly important with the rise of students diagnosed with Emotional Behavior Disorder (EBD). Educators are learning that traditional approaches modifying student behaviors, such as using punishments and rewards are not working for students with EBD. Solutions to best supporting students with EBD need to be teaching SEL skills, not trying to manipulate motivation. This thesis looks at research into …

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Teacher Burnout: Measuring, Contributing Factors, And Prevention, Lisa A. Dexter Jan 2020

Teacher Burnout: Measuring, Contributing Factors, And Prevention, Lisa A. Dexter

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One of the most stressful careers a person can chose to have is teaching. (Johnson et al., 2005; Travers, 2001). Teaching demands are high, and the emotional labor of teaching can leave teachers feeling emotionally exhausted, withdrawn, and worn down. Teachers who experience chronic levels of stress can be plagued with what is referred to as teacher burnout. While researchers have identified effective ways of measuring current levels and burnout, the research is just developing in identifying contributing factors and prevention strategies. Self-efficacy is a significant predictor of burnout as well as certain teaching environments. Researchers have identified effective prevention …

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Screen Time: Impacts On Physical Health, Sleep, And Psychological Health And Well-Being, Shereen A. Eldeeb Jan 2020

Screen Time: Impacts On Physical Health, Sleep, And Psychological Health And Well-Being, Shereen A. Eldeeb

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With the rise of technology there has been an increase in screen technologies that are prevalent in everyday life. Technology and screens are used in employment, education, and leisure settings. The average person in the United States spends many hours every day dedicated to screen time. Screen time can be defined as the aggregate duration of time spent in front of all screen technologies including: televisions, computers, laptops, video games, cellphones, and tablets. Increased screen time has been linked to various negative health outcomes. Some of those negative outcomes include effects on physical health, sleep, and psychological health and well-being. …

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A Research-Based Social Skills Curriculum For Middle School Students With Special Needs, Lynn Bruvold Ellis Jan 2020

A Research-Based Social Skills Curriculum For Middle School Students With Special Needs, Lynn Bruvold Ellis

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Social skills instruction is an essential part of special education programming. There are many different approaches to social skills instruction, and there are studies that show the benefits to these different approaches. The research presented here seeks to answer this question: What methods of social skills instruction are most effective for middle school students? Studies included explore the use of literacy-based interventions, direct instruction, group-orientated contingency, and other methods of social skills interventions. Following the literature review this researcher created a three-year social skills curriculum designed for special education students in the middle school setting.

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Autism And Environmental Influences, Jodi Ford Jan 2020

Autism And Environmental Influences, Jodi Ford

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Autism is a neurobiological spectrum disorder manifesting with challenges in socialization, communication, and repetitive behaviors. The Center of Disease Control estimates that 1:54 children have autism. Autism includes extremely gifted individuals and those who are severely challenged. Males are diagnosed four times the rate of girls. It is generally agreed that no one factor causes autism, there is a genetic component, and that autistic brains differ from neurotypical brains as determined by imaging studies. This literature review investigated research behind environmental factors that may contribute to autism such as exposure to chemicals, pesticides, pollution, and toxins found in products. Autism …

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Restorative Practices In Schools – The Benefits And Challenges, Joel John Fredricks Jan 2020

Restorative Practices In Schools – The Benefits And Challenges, Joel John Fredricks

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Are restorative practices within schools an effective method for increasing student success? This literature review looks at the evidence available of restorative practices in reducing suspensions and expulsions, improving relationships, dealing with bullying, bringing about improved school morale through restorative circles, and lastly, looking at the challenges of successfully using restorative practices in schools. The evidence in literature does show the clear benefits that restorative practices have in all the mentioned areas. The challenges to implementing these practices are significant and need to be weighed before pursuing the venture of restorative practices in schools. Despite the challenges, restorative practices are …

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Understanding Gender Differences In Autism Spectrum Disorder To Better Identify Females With Asd, Betsy M. Galles Jan 2020

Understanding Gender Differences In Autism Spectrum Disorder To Better Identify Females With Asd, Betsy M. Galles

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Males are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared to females at a ratio of 4:1. When isolating for higher intellectual ability, the ratio increases to 10:1. Gender differences exist in restricted, repetitive behaviors and social interaction. Gender differences vary based on age, race, ethnicity, cognitive level, and socio-economic circumstances, assessment procedures, diagnostic tools, evaluator experience, and bias. Diagnostic test elements have been found to be biased toward males. With new knowledge based on the female presentation of ASD symptoms and behaviors, efforts must be made to update evaluation tools, properly train clinicians, and assess using instruments that accurately diagnose …

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Dietary Alternatives In The Treatment Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Behavioral Symptoms And School Performance, Samantha R. Goers Jan 2020

Dietary Alternatives In The Treatment Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Behavioral Symptoms And School Performance, Samantha R. Goers

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Dietary alternatives for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are less commonly known and discussed, leaving some children untreated and vulnerable to negative consequences. However, numerous studies have examined the behavioral and academic benefits of following diets as alternative treatments for ADHD. This literature review answers the question: Can school performance, negatively impacted by ADHD, be managed in children by following diets that eliminate artificial food coloring (AFC) or by taking iron supplements? The review found that some children with ADHD can benefit from following an AFC exclusion diet or from taking iron supplements. Benefits were more common …

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Do We Need More Male Teachers For An Increasing Population Of Male Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders?, Bjorn Hanson Jan 2020

Do We Need More Male Teachers For An Increasing Population Of Male Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders?, Bjorn Hanson

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the world of education there is a growing population of male students who struggle with emotional/behavioral disorders. There is also a decreasing population of male teachers in schools, and an even lower percentage of teachers who work in the field of special education. There have been various countries that have called for their government to increase the male teaching population without research to prove that this will increase male student success. Ultimately, the research shows that there is no conclusive evidence demonstrating that male teachers possess qualities different than their female colleagues that lead to success. The research does …

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Music Education Benefits For Students With Disabilities, Tammy K. Hanson Jan 2020

Music Education Benefits For Students With Disabilities, Tammy K. Hanson

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Music is so many things! Music is enjoyable, fun, happy, calming, and unpredictable. Music is also sad, lonely, busy, unsettling, and disturbing. Students of any age can learn so much from music, such as: learning an instrument; playing in an ensemble, symphony, orchestra, or choir; learning the history of a composer; playing scales; and learning about music theory. Students without disabilities learn about music and their instruments by participating in band, orchestra, choir, ensembles, and general music. Students with disabilities should have the same opportunities to participate in these musical activities, and be provided with extra support, modifications, accommodations, a …

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Bias And The Subsequent Implications On Adhd Diagnosis In School Aged Children, Ruth L. Hein Jan 2020

Bias And The Subsequent Implications On Adhd Diagnosis In School Aged Children, Ruth L. Hein

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often goes undiagnosed in girls and women. This phenomenon is due most prominently to the finding that girls and women tend to present primarily internalized symptoms of ADHD. Greater awareness of the internalized symptoms of ADHD in the public eye, and especially in teacher training and certification programs is necessary. Under-diagnosis affects several areas of daily life and healthy development, setting the scene for an adult life dealing with anxiety, depression, maladjustment, and a negative self-perception. Further research into diagnosis, specific subsets of symptoms such as Executive Function deficits and Social-Emotional growth and development will …

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The Unique Characteristics Of Trauma In Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jana Laine Jonasen Jan 2020

The Unique Characteristics Of Trauma In Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Jana Laine Jonasen

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Research has shown characteristics of individuals with ASD that have been exposed to trauma are difficult to determine. With more of trauma at an early age and the overshadowing of characteristics between trauma and ASD it will be difficult to determine where an individual is demonstrates ASD characteristics or PTSD characteristics. Evidence suggests that individuals with ASD are at an increased risk of exposure to trauma due to their social communication deficits and emotional control. Evidence shows that individuals with ASD experience substantially more trauma or traumatic childhood experiences which may contribute to greater chances of physical and mental trauma. …

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And The Correlation Of Student Success In School, Amy S. Kummrow Jan 2020

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And The Correlation Of Student Success In School, Amy S. Kummrow

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Student success is the goal for educators around the world. Implementing Choice Theory and Restitution can greatly increase a student’s chances of academic success. William Glasser's Choice Theory talks about the five basic needs all humans have, which are, survival, power, belonging, fun, and freedom. When these five needs are met students are able to be successful academically and will help students feel a part of their school community. Other benefits to students' needs being met are the ability for students to become intrinsically motivated, increase self-esteem, and perseverance which can lead to happiness throughout their lives. The studies measured …

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Effective And Ineffective Interventions For Students With Dyslexia, Jessica M. Lahti Jan 2020

Effective And Ineffective Interventions For Students With Dyslexia, Jessica M. Lahti

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The aim of this thesis is to explore effective and ineffective interventions for students with dyslexia in the areas of teacher knowledge, text readability, computers and technology, and academic interventions. The main findings show that students with dyslexia can be highly creative, and when their interests are combined with educational interventions, they are more likely to respond better to the interventions. Additionally, to improve text readability, using a sans-serif type font such as Arial or Comic Sans, with interspace letters and words, and enlarged font has proven helpful. In regard to computers and technology, students with dyslexia more often prefer …

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The Impact Of School Start Times On Adolescent Sleep Duration And Academic Performance, Allison Leaf Jan 2020

The Impact Of School Start Times On Adolescent Sleep Duration And Academic Performance, Allison Leaf

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In terms of sleep, adolescence is a tumultuous time. Biologically, adolescents are more inclined to have a later circadian rhythm and an evening chronotype, causing them to fall asleep later in the night and wake up later in the morning compared to their preadolescent counterparts. Adolescents also must contend with the emergence of environmental factors such as less parental influence over bedtimes, increased caffeine use, part-time employment, increased electronic use before bed, and earlier school start times. The emergence of these biological and environmental factors during puberty negatively affects adolescent sleep duration and adolescent sleepiness is often observed in early …

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How Teacher-Student Rapport Impacts Student Academics And Achievement, Ashley D. Mellgren Jan 2020

How Teacher-Student Rapport Impacts Student Academics And Achievement, Ashley D. Mellgren

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In the last 50 years of education, student behaviors have become an increasingly important topic. Behaviors are an outward expression of how students feel about themselves, their classroom, or their teachers. Teachers have power in how they can impact students and it all starts with a relationship and rapport. If teachers want students to care about what we are teaching, they must show an interest in them as people first. It is a cycle that promotes stronger interpersonal connections which leads to deeper academic engagement. Teacher-student relationships affect students academically but also as a whole person. Research suggests that when …

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Facilitating Alternative And Augmentative Communication (Aac), Emily A. Moulton Jan 2020

Facilitating Alternative And Augmentative Communication (Aac), Emily A. Moulton

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This literature review explored Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) with students who are not effective verbal communicators. AAC provides a means of communication for individuals who have disorders that impact communication. AAC is used in the form of low or high-tech device options to assist users in conveying messages to their communication partners. The focus of this review considers students with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities in the special education and general education classrooms and investigates teacher understanding of AAC, intervention options, and how AAC can be successfully implemented in classroom settings.

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The Connection Between Mental Health And The Positive Effects Of Social-Emotional Learning, Ryan Michael Nesvold Jan 2020

The Connection Between Mental Health And The Positive Effects Of Social-Emotional Learning, Ryan Michael Nesvold

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Students across America are struggling with mental health issues and their ability to maintain adequate performance in school. Teachers pass them in the hall without ever noticing that they might be suffering. They wear a smile on their face, and never give any attention to the fact that they need help. As a result, students are failing, becoming socially withdrawn, and experiencing behavior changes. In today’s classroom, teachers are using Social-Emotional Learning to address an overall well-being of students. In order to adapt teaching methods to meet the needs of students who might be struggling with mental illness, teachers need …

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The Effects Of Mindfulness On Students Academic Performance And Behaviors, Kasandra J. Parrish Jan 2020

The Effects Of Mindfulness On Students Academic Performance And Behaviors, Kasandra J. Parrish

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This paper examines the effectiveness of mindfulness on students’ academic performance and their behaviors, both emotionally and physically. This includes students with and without disabilities. Students are facing increased personal and school challenges. This increases students stress levels and their social and emotional needs. There are many mindfulness interventions that can help students learn coping strategies to deal with their stress and their social and emotional needs. These strategies include being more aware of their bodies, thinking about how they are going to respond to a situation instead of responding automatically, and having an open mind when observing different situations. …

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Underrepresentation Of Minority Students In Special Education, Marvin Dale Peterson Iii Jan 2020

Underrepresentation Of Minority Students In Special Education, Marvin Dale Peterson Iii

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Disproportionality in special education representation has been a commonly used focus of study for many years. The most frequently researched topic is the overrepresentation of black and brown, usually male, students in Emotional, Behavioral, and Social special education designations. Based on the experiences of this researcher, a void existed in the research showing the reasons why some minority groups were underrepresented in specific special education categories. This research sought out to explore what the research demonstrates are factors in the underrepresentation of minority students in specific special education designations. Data nation-wide shows that roughly seventeen percent of students in public …

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Facilitating Friendships Between Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Their Neuro-Typical Peers Utilizing Peer Mediated Interventions, Spring M. Peden Jan 2020

Facilitating Friendships Between Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Their Neuro-Typical Peers Utilizing Peer Mediated Interventions, Spring M. Peden

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the fastest growing developmental disorder in the United States, currently affects 1 in 54 children. As students with ASD spend more time mainstreamed with their neuro-typical peers, there is an increased need for effective social skills interventions that improve positive social interactions and promote friendships. This literature review focuses on Peer Mediated Instruction and Intervention (PMII) to increase social communication and interactions for students with ASD. The research indicated implementing PMII leads to significant social skills improvement for individuals with ASD. Information gained through the literature review provided the basis for a PMII program designed for …

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Independent Living Skills Curriculum- A Literature Review With Application Emphasis, Courtney E. Peterson Jan 2020

Independent Living Skills Curriculum- A Literature Review With Application Emphasis, Courtney E. Peterson

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This literature review with application thesis examines functional daily living and adaptive behavior skills teaching methods utilizing a community-based instructional approach for students with disabilities. The literature review data and supplemental research-based educational practices provides the foundation for the Independent Living Skills Curriculum designed for students with varied disabilities in grades 9-12. The curriculum introduces intentional instruction in units that begin with foundational skills and scaffold until students can generalize skills for community engagement and independent living. The curriculum targets functional skills in communication, reading, writing, social awareness, and problem solving while implementing research-based instructional methods that address the National …

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Socioeconomic Status And Academic Achievement, Tricia M. Richmond Jan 2020

Socioeconomic Status And Academic Achievement, Tricia M. Richmond

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The number of school-aged children living below the poverty line continues to increase in the United States. This group of children are at a serious disadvantage in school and with their development. Children that grow up in a family with a low-Socioeconomic status, tend to have lower levels of academic achievement. There are factors within the school environment and outside of the school environment that play a key role in the development and achievement levels of school-aged children. Schools and teachers need to be trained to work with these students. School may be the only support system some children have …

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