Education Commons^™

Correspondence: Routine Early Angioplasty After Fibrinolysis, Bradley R. Wilsmore, Andrea D. Wilsmore

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

To the Editor: Cantor et al. (June 25 issue)1 conclude that among high-risk patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who receive fibrinolysis, prompt interhospital transfer for early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after fibrinolysis is associated with significantly fewer ischemic complications than is standard treatment. Fundamental to this study’s findings are the criteria for identifying the high-risk patients who are likely to benefit from routine early angioplasty after fibrinolysis. ...................................................

Doing Good Qualitative Research In Public Health: Not As Easy As It Looks, Stacy M. Carter, Jan E. Ritchie, Peter Sainsbury

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In this paper, we discuss qualitative research for public health professionals. Quality matters in qualitative research, but the principles by which it is judged are critically different from those used to judge epidemiology. Compared to quantitative research, good quality qualitative studies serve different aims, answer distinct research questions and have their own logic for sampling, data collection and analysis. There is, however, no need for antagonism between qualitative research and epidemiology; the two are complementary. With theoretical and methodological guidance from experienced qualitative researchers, public health professionals can learn how to make the most of qualitative research for themselves.

Writing Social Determinants Into And Out Of Cancer Control: An Assessment Of Policy Practice, Stacy M. Carter, Claire Hooker, Heather M. Davey

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A large literature concurs that social determinants of health (SDH) are demonstrable, important, and insufficiently attended to in policy and practice. A resulting priority for research should be to determine how the social determinants of health can best be addressed. In this paper we support the more effective transfer of social determinants research into policy by: (1) describing a qualitative analysis of thirty-two cancer control policy documents from six English-speaking OECD countries and two transnational organizations, demonstrating great variability in the treatment of social determinants in these policies; (2) critiquing these various policy practices in relation to their likely impact …

Pandemic Influenza Communication: Views From A Deliberative Forum, Wendy Rogers, Jackie M. Street, Annette J. Braunack-Mayer, Janet E. Hiller

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective  To use a deliberative forum to elicit community perspectives on communication about pandemic influenza planning, and to compare these findings with the current Australian national communication strategy. Design  Deliberative forum of 12 persons randomly selected from urban South Australia. Forum members were briefed by experts in infection control, virology, ethics and public policy before deliberating on four key questions: what, how and when should the community be told about pandemic influenza and by whom? Results  The forum recommended provision of detailed and comprehensive information by credible experts, rather than politicians, using a variety of media including television and internet. …

Lost In Translation: Gaps In Reasoning For Primate Stroke, Christopher J. Degeling, Jane Johnson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Sughrue and colleagues' target article "Bioethical considerations in translational research: Primate stroke" (2009) are to be commended for seeking to address a large gap in current bioethical discourse. The ethics of experimentation on nonhuman animals seems to have fallen between the cracks of the recent debates between clinical and research practitioners, ethicists and regulators. While happy to see that other parties acknowledge that this question is poorly dealt with and the issue remains far from closed, we have identified a number of problems with the argument contained in the article. In the first instance, the authors fail to clarify the …

Negotiating Value: Comparing Human And Animal Fracture Care In Industrial Societies, Christopher J. Degeling

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

At the beginning of the twentieth century, human and veterinary surgeons faced the challenge of a medical marketplace transformed by technology. The socioeconomic value ascribed to their patients was changing, reflecting the increasing mechanization of industry and the decreasing dependence of society on nonhuman animals for labor. In human medicine, concern for the economic consequences of fractures "pathologized" any significant level of posttherapeutic disability, a productivist perspective contrary to the traditional corpus of medical values. In contrast, veterinarians adapted to the mechanization of horsepower by shifting their primary professional interest to companion animals; a type of patient generally valued for …

Picturing The Pain Of Animal Others: Rationalising Form, Function And Suffering In Veterinary Orthopaedics, Christopher J. Degeling

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Advances in veterinary orthopaedics are assessed on their ability to improve the function and wellbeing of animal patients. And yet historically veterinarians have struggled to bridge the divide between an animal's physicality and its interior experience of its function in clinical settings. For much of the twentieth century, most practitioners were agnostic to the possibility of animal mentation and its implications for suffering. This attitude has changed as veterinarians adapted to technological innovations and the emergence of a clientele who claimed to understand and relate to the subjective experiences of their animals. While visualising technologies and human analogies have shaped …

Young People And The Criminal Justice System: New Insights And Promising Responses, Jioji Ravulo

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

On any given day during 2006-07 there were approximately 6,000 young people in Australia under juvenile justice supervision. This amounts to 12,765 young people who spent time under supervision through that year and 10,675 of them were aged between 10 and 17. The majority received a non-custodial sentence, which includes community-based orders and good behaviour bonds, however 43% experienced some form of detention (AIHW, 2008). The number of young people under community-based supervision showed a distinct downward trend between 2003-04 and 2006-07 (AIHW, 2008). Conversely there was an increase in the daily average number of young people incarcerated, from 590 …

Sure Start In England, Jay Belsky, Alastair H. Leyland, Jacqueline Barnes, Edward Melhuish

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In her Comment (Nov 8, p 1610) on our second phase of evaluation of Sure Start local programmes in England, Penny Kane makes several points with which we could not agree more. Like her, we would have much preferred to see a randomised controlled trial done, since this would have afforded much stronger causal inferences than the quasi-experimental investigation we undertook. We also agree that the fact that we drew on data collected by two different research teams raises questions about the confidence that can be placed in conclusions drawn.

Reinventing Rural Places: The Extent And Impact Of Festivals In Rural And Regional Australia, Christopher R. Gibson, Anna Stewart

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Results have been analysed from a three-year Australian Research Council (ARC) Festivals Project, which sought to document the extent and significance of festivals for rural communities and economies. Rural festivals have proliferated and diversified in recent years from the traditional country show to evermore whacky niches -- the Guyra Lamb and Potato Festival, the Wooli Goanna Pulling Festival, the Thoona Latin American and Wheely Bin Festival and Parkes' Elvis impersonators festival. Are such festivals significant for rural communities in contrast to their apparent short-lived nature? The ARC festivals project sought to answer this question. The largest ever database of rural …

Community Capacity Building: Learning From The 2003 Canberra Bushfires, Gail Winkworth, Christine Healy, Merrilyn Woodward, Peter J. Camilleri

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research into what happens to communities after disasters is one way of understanding the elements of community capacity building and the actions that help and hinder these processes. In recent years a number of large scale disasters both onshore and offshore have become the focus of Australian State and Commonwealth disaster recovery efforts. These have provided opportunities to reflect on successful elements of 'community recovery' including what 'communities' do themselves to assist 'recovery' and what governments can do to enable and actively facilitate the 'recovery' process. Through an examination of a recent study on the recovery of people affected by …

What Do Publics Want From The Planning System?, Kevin M. Dunn, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Awais Piracha, Danielle A. Pelleri, Paul J. Maginn, Michael W. Buxton, Peter J. Phibbs

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Reforms to planning processes in Australia have been prefaced by assertions about what 'the public' wants from a planning system. The reforms involve a familiar mix of streamlining privatism centralisation and curtailed public consultation. Despite a demonstrable lack of local government or public consultation on the reforms in New South Wales they were justified by the then Planning Minister Frank Sartor as enacting the broader community's desires about how the planning system should be reformed. In this paper claims about public opinion collected from media releases forums discussion papers ministerial documents and legislation are analysed. Seven sets of planning principles …

Linkages Between Flooding, Migration And Resettlement: Viet Nam Case Study Report For Each-For Project, Olivia V. Dun

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This report provides the results of an investigation into the linkages between flooding and migration/population displacement in the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam as part of the Environmental Change and Forced Migration Scenarios (EACH-FOR) project. Viet Nam was selected as a country for examining the relationship between environmental change and migration because it is a country prone to water or water-related disasters (Sternin 2003), some of which are thought to be increasing due to the influence of climate change (IPCC 2007, Carew-Reid 2007). Moreover, a large portion of the country’s population is based in rural areas and is directly dependent …

Peer Transition Programs: Run By Students For Students, Sarah Elizabeth O'Shea, Michelle Vincent, Alan Calder, Peter Hanley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This presentation will highlight the 'nuts and bolts' of peer transition programs that have been underway for some time at two universities. James Cook University first offered Kickstart in 1998 with an underlying philosophy of allowing experienced student mentors to design, develop and facilitate a short course that introduces first year students to the culture and environment of university life. University of Newcastle developed Uni-start in 2006 along the same lines, and both institutions have continued to evaluate and refine their respective transition programs. Participants at this session will hear how the two institutions have collaborated, how these types of …

Moving Beyond The Restrictions: The Evaluation Of The Alice Springs Alcohol Management Plan, Kate Senior, Richard Chenhall, Bill Ivory, Christopher Stevenson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A report prepared for the NT Department of Justice.

There have been a number of evaluations of alcohol management in the Alice Springs region. Interestingly, an evaluation in 1975 emphasised the need for government and other agencies to view the issues holistically and to address them accordingly. The outcomes of this evaluation point to a similar situation with comparable recommendations.

The situation in Alice Springs is unique in some respects but has parallel characteristics to other towns and communities in Australia. Alice Springs is an important regional supply, service-orientated, and tourism town. Its people have diverse backgrounds and appear as …

Hiv, Diversity And Cultural Competence, Masha Eisenberg, Renee Moreton, Tadgh Mcmahon, Nandini Ray

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cross-cultural issues are a reality and a challenge for public sector agencies seeking to meet their responsibilities in an increasingly diverse Australia. ‘Cross-cultural training’ of various kinds has been part of the ‘tool box’ to address these challenges. Here we report briefly on the more comprehensive framework of ‘cultural competence’

Rethinking The Risks Of Home Ownership, Susan J. Smith, Beverley A. Searle, Nicole T. Cook

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Most debate on home ownership and risk has focused on the management of mortgage debt. But there are other risks for home buyers in settings where housing dominates people's wealth portfolios: where the investment dimensions of property are at a premium; and where housing wealth is, de facto, an asset base for welfare. This article draws from qualitative research with 150 UK mortgage holders to assess the character, extent and possible mitigation of this wider risk regime. The analysis first explores the value home buyers attach to the financial returns on housing. Next we document the extent to which home …

Sexual And Reproductive Health And Rights Of Refugees, Asylum Seekers And Undocumented Migrants. A Framework For The Identification Of Good Practices, Ines Keygnaert, Koen Dedoncker, Kathia Van Egmond, Marleen Temmerman, Christiana Nostlinger, Jasna Loos, Patricia Kennedy, Sonia F. Dias, Luis T. Tavira, Isabel Craveiro, Elisabeth Ioannidi, Eirini Kampriani, Najla Wassie, Dorota Sienkiewicz, Erick Vloeberghs

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This framework document wants to provide strategic guidance to stakeholders and organizations in the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights regarding: - the development of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights policies - the deliverance of Sexual and Reproductive Health services towards refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants.

Sexual And Reproductive Health And Rights Of Refugees, Asylum Seekers & Undocumented Migrants, Ines Keygnaert, Koen Dedoncker, Kathia Van Egmond, Marleen Temmerman, Christiana Nostlinger, Jasna Loos, Patricia Kennedy, Sonia F. Dias, Luis T. Tavira, Isabel Craveiro, Elisabeth Ioannidi, Eirini Kampriani, Najla Wassie, Dorota Sienkiewicz, Erick Vloeberghs

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In 2006 the European Refugee Fund undertook a call for proposals, which resulted in the project presented in this report. The 18-month project started on 1 August 2007 and ran until 31 January 2009. The general aim of the project was to improve the SRH of refugees and asylum seekers in the EU, by setting up a network for the promotion of the SRH&R of refugees and asylum seekers in Europe and beyond.

Early Coital Debut And Associated Hiv Risk Factors Among Young Women And Men In South Africa, Audrey Pettifor, Katie O'Brien, Catherine L. Mac Phail, William Miller, Helen Rees

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

CONTEXT Young people in South Africa are at high risk of HIV infection. Because first sexual experiences may influence a young person's HIV risk, a better understanding of coital debut is needed. METHODS Data from a nationally representative survey that included 7,692 sexually active South African youth aged 15-24 were used to assess characteristics related to sexual debut and to respondents' first sexual partner. Poisson regression analyses were conducted to identify relationships among these characteristics and partner age differences, early coital debut (i.e., before age 15), forced sex with one's first partner and nonuse of condoms at first sex. RESULTS …

Hearing The Student Voice - Examining The Processes Of Transition, Persistence And Engagement For A Group Of First Year, First In Family University Students, Sarah O'Shea

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper outlines a qualitative, narrative study that focuses on the student experience as it relates to a particular cohort of students namely women who are the first in the family to attend university. Seventeen students were recruited to participate in a series of four semi-structured interviews conducted throughout one academic year. These interviews investigated the processes involved in transition as well as the perceptions held about engaging in tertiary study and the hurdles encountered during the year. The research accompanied the students as each travelled through the university environment, exploring what it means to be a 'first-year student'. The …

Inappropriate Food Marketing, Lesley King, Bridget Kelly, Timothy Gill, Josephine Chau, Kathy Chapman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Preventative Taskforce has identified inappropriate food marketing to children as a national policy priority, and is seeking to provide an informed policy approach to guide government action in this area. This project has formulated a set of policy options and recommendations regarding inappropriate food marketing in Australia. The policy options and recommendations have been developed on the basis of an analysis of international evidence, including Australian and international research studies and case studies of policy initiatives. The policy options and recommendations address the potential roles and responsibilities of national government, and take account of the roles of industry groups, …

How Serious Are Duty Of Care Risks In Virtual Reality?, Sarah Katherine Howard

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Concerned by the debate surrounding multi-user virtual environments, Sarah Howard sets out to determine how serious are the risks versus the rewards.

Assessing Alternative And Differential Response: Implications For Social Work Practice In Diverse Communities, Executive Summary, Jill Duerr Berrick, Christina Branom, Amy Conley Wright, Amy Price

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study examines outcomes, processes, and community context for "Another Road to Safety" (ARS), a Differential Response intervention providing voluntary home visiting to families reported for child maltreatment. Using mixed methods and drawing on diverse data sources (including interviews, focus groups, administrative records, and census tract data), this research will examine implementation of the program model; clients' perspectives on services; preliminary client outcome data; and the impact of neighborhood factors on client outcomes. Findings will inform the development of a research-based curriculum that will facilitate skill-development in implementation, community engagement, and client understanding for Differential Response interventions.

Stereoscopic Depth Magnitudes At Greater Distances In An Old Steam Railway Tunnel, Barbara Gillam, Stephen Palmisano, Donovan Govan, Robert Allison, Julie Harris

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 32nd European Conference on Visual Perception, 24-28 August 2009, Regensburg, Germany

Community-Based Child Abuse Prevention: Outcomes Associated With A Differential Response Program In California, Amy Conley Wright

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Presented at the 17th National Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect on April 2, 2009.

Obsolete, Jason Wilson, Jason Jacobs

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Obsolescence is most frequently talked about in relation to the history of technology. A still-common way of understanding modernity is as a linear succession of emerging technologies which supersede existing ones, and which are themselves, in time, made redundant. The cycle of novelty and obsolescence underpins a narrative including episodes of human invention, mastery and eventual technological failure. Nevertheless, it makes technologies themselves the subjects of history, rather than the human beings whose choices frame their contingent births, shapings, adoptions and uses. Many have pointed out the extent to which this simplifies history, but this has made precious little impact, …

Influenza Virus Antigenic Variation, Host Antibody Production And New Approach To Control Epidemics, Jiezhong Chen, Yi-Mo Deng

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Influenza is an infectious disease and can lead to life-threatening complications like pneumonia. The disease is caused by three types of RNA viruses called influenza types A, B and C, each consisting of eight negative single-stranded RNA-segments encoding 11 proteins. Current annual vaccines contain two type A strains and one type B strain and are capable of inducing strong antibody responses to both the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA). While these vaccines are protective against vaccine viruses they are not effective against newly emerging viruses that contain antigenic variations known as antigenic drift and shift. In nature, …

Conceptualising Progression In The Pedagogy Of Play And Sustained Shared Thinking In Early Childhood Education: A Vygotskian Perspective, Iram Siraj-Blatchford

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper is concerned specifically with the pedagogies applied in supporting learning through children‟s play, and it is framed outside mainstream discourses on the nature of play. The development of the paper also represents one stage in a continuing effort to develop a better understanding of sustained shared thinking in early childhood education. The paper also focuses on the educational potential of shared playful activities. However, given the overwhelming consensus regarding the importance of play in early childhood development, even a diehard educational pragmatist must begin by addressing subjects that are most commonly considered by psychologists. The paper begins with …

The Foveal Confluence In Human Visual Cortex, Mark M. Schira, C W. Tyler, Michael Breakspear, Branka Spehar

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The human visual system devotes a significant proportion of its resources to a very small part of the visual field, the fovea. Foveal vision is crucial for natural behavior and many tasks in daily life such as reading or fine motor control. Despite its significant size, this part of cortex is rarely investigated and the limited data have resulted in competing models of the layout of the foveal confluence in primate species. Specifically, how V2 and V3 converge at the central fovea is the subject of debate in primates and has remained “terra incognita” in humans. Using high-resolution fMRI (1.2 …