Education Commons^™

Ec81-1240 Vegetable Gardening In Nebraska, Dale T. Lindgren, Laurie Hodges, Don Steinegger, Ralph E. Neild

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraskans are increasing their consumption of fresh vegetables — as appetizers, salads, side dishes, and snacks. Fresh vegetables are an integral part of a healthy, well-balanced diet. Although Nebraska's climate and soil are well-suited for many vegetables, most are supplied from out of the state, even during summer. Growing fresh vegetables can provide higher nutrition and flavor at less expense than buying fresh produce at the grocery store. A garden also can be a source of personal enjoyment and satisfaction.

This extension circular helps the gardener decide when, where, and how to plant and maintain a vegetable garden.

G80-513 Protect Soil With Vegetative Residues, C,R, Fenster

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Keeping a protective cover of vegetative residues on the soil surface is the simplest and surest way to control both water and wind erosion.

Crop residues are vital to conservation of soil and water. Keeping a protective cover of vegetative residues on the soil surface is the simplest and surest way to control both water and wind erosion. Vegetative residues on the soil surface improve infiltration of water into the soil, reduce evaporation, and aid in maintaining organic matter. Residues left upright all winter trap snow which increases soil water.

G79-432 Creep Feeding Lambs, Ted Doane

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses creep feeding for lambs, making supplemental feed available only to nursing lambs.

Creep feeding is a management practice of making supplemental feed available only to nursing lambs. Creep feeding is desirable because: (1) lambs gain as much as a third to half a pound per day more when their milk diet is supplemented with grain, (2) the lambs are ready for market 1 to 2 months earlier, thus earlier marketing is adapted to a higher market for spring lambs, and (3) the lambs are not allowed to go to spring pasture, thus permitting more ewes on the …

G79-474 Understanding Wind Erosion And Its Control, William A. Hayes, C.R. Fenster

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Wind erosion is a serious hazard on millions of acres of land in the United States, most of which are in the Great Plains.

There are a number of things an individual can do control wind erosion but basically they all point to accomplishing one or more of the following objectives:

1. Reduce the wind velocity at the soil surface. This is done with windbreaks, crop residues, cover crops, surface roughness, and wind stripcropping.

2. Trap soil particles. This is accomplished by ridging or roughening the soil surface to trap moving soil particles.

3. Increase size of soil aggregates. This …

Ec78-1744 Prairie Fires And The Nebraska Pioneer, Donald E. Westover

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

For thousands of years prairie fires were a common occurrence in the great plains region of North America. Along with wind, rain, snow, and sunshine, fire was a major ecological force. Long before the white man's influence became a factor Nebraska's prairie land had been shaped, even perpetuated by this ever present force. The following incidents are true life accounts of prairie fires as experienced by homesteaders and settlers around the turn of the century. No attempt has been made to change the grammar or the content of these stories. The words you read are those used by the contributors.

G77-330 Estimating Pork Carcass Lean (Revised June 1994), Dennis E. Burson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Four procedures for pork carcass evaluation are given here, along with illustrations.

Pork carcass value is an important factor affecting the profitability of the pork industry. Reproduction traits and growth performance are easily recognized as keys to the profitability and health of the pork industry, yet carcass value also plays an important role. Differences in carcass product value are monetarily recognized by recognizing differences in carcass weight and grade. In addition, the pork industry recognizes that consumption of pork may key on public health concerns relating to reducing fat consumption and the resulting consumer demand for lower fat products.

G77-355 A Guide For The Control Of Flies In Nebraska Feedlots And Dairies (Revised March 1990), John B. Campbell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Flies, especially stable and house flies, can create serious and costly problems for feedlot and dairy operations. This publication describes several methods for control.

Several species of flies may be in confined livestock facilities during summer. The stable and house fly are the most serious pests. Blow flies also may be present if molasses is in the diet. Horn flies--small blood-feeding flies--may be present in early spring. These flies overwinter as pupae in or near manure pats in range or pasture. If cattle are not present in the grassland when horn flies emerge, they will migrate to confinement cattle. Normally, …

G77-358 Artesian (Confinsed) Aquifers And Effect Of Pumping, Darryll T. Pederson, Deon D. Axthelm

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraskans are concerned about declining water levels in some domestic and stock wells.

Nebraskans are concerned about declining water levels in some domestic and stock wells. Drought and irrigation well development have been major factors. Water level declines have been especially pronounced during the pumping season in places where the aquifer is artesian or confined (a confined aquifer is also referred to as an artesian aquifer). Many domestic and livestock pumps may have to be set deeper in order to yield water. In nearly all cases water levels recover rapidly when the pumping season ends. Large water-level fluctuations are normal …

Heg75-12 Nebraska Master Mix, Harriet Kohn

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The Nebraska Master Mix can be used to make many dishes easily. The homemade mix offers the advantage, over bought mixes, of choosing your own combination of ingredients. For example, you may want to try the whole wheat version with margarine for a deliciously different mix. Simple meals and leftovers can be sparked up by adding a homemade hotbread or other food made from the Nebraska Master Mix.

The Nebraska Master Mix is lower in fat than some but gives very good results. Sugar has been reduced in some of the recipes, but other ingredients have been used to enhance …

Ec75-1427 Ponds For Nebraskans, Philip S. Gipson, Darrell E. Feit, Jerry W. Morris

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraskans construct ponds for a variety of reasons. Early ponds were usually constructed to provide water for livestock. Today they are for soil and water conservation, livestock water supply, and recreational activities such as fishing, hunting, and picnicking. The trend is to design ponds for multiple use and benefit.

This extension circular includes information on where and how to build a pond; farm pond design; wildlife planting and erosion control; control of water plants; wildlife plants for farm ponds; and managing for sport fishing.

G74-171 Summer Annual Forage Grasses (Revised January 1986), Bruce Anderson, Paul Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses production practices, methods of use, and precautions for using summer annual grasses.

Summer annual grasses are used for summer pasture, green chop, hay, silage, and winter pasture. They are often used as sources of emergency forage. In addition, residues of summer annuals make an excellent seedbed mulch for new stands of perennial grass, particularly on sands.

The summer annual grasses most often used for forage in Nebraska are sudangrass, hybrid sudangrass, sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, and forage sorghums. Foxtail millet and pearl millet are used occasionally. Each of these grasses has unique growth characteristics that require proper management for …

G74-121 Sandbur Control In Field Corn (Revised January 1999), Gail A. Wicks, Robert G. Wilson Jr.

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Sandbur can be a major weed problem in cornfields if not properly controlled. This NebGuide discusses mechanical and chemical alternatives for controlling sandbur.

Sandbur is a problem weed on coarse to fine-textured soil. The North Platte Valley, southwest and west central Nebraska, and the Sandhills are areas in the state where sandbur is a major weed problem in corn. Sandbur seldom becomes a primary weed problem in eastern Nebraska. Both field (Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth.) and longspine [Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fern.] sandbur grow in Nebraska.

G73-46 Hessian Fly On Wheat, John E. Foster, Gary L. Hein

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the life cycle, control and prevention of the Hessian fly. Plant-safe dates and resistant wheat varieties are also examined.

The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is not native to the United States, but was probably introduced by Hessian soldiers during the Revolutionary War. This insect was given its common name by Americans because of its damage on Long Island in 1779. The pest has become distributed throughout the United States wheat production areas since then.

The Hessian fly belongs to the family of insects known as gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a group noted for their habit of …

Ec72-1221 Arbor Day: A Nebraska Creation

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Arbor Day, the Tree Planter's Holiday, started more than a century ago in Nebraska and is celebrated on the birthday of it's founder Julius Sterling Morton of Nebraska City. This extension circular talks about the history of Arbor Day and it's founder.

What Older Nebraska Women Eat, P. C. Fry

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

There are many Nebraskans who have reached the status of senior citizens. These Nebraskans in their 60's, 70's and 80's have attained a special place in our society. We can learn much from studying how they have eaten through the years and comparing their diets with what we have learned from similar studies in other states.

Rb58-186 The Existing Space In Nebraska Multistory Tee Houses, Virginia Y. Trotter

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

In this manuscript, data are presented regarding the space and characteristics of multistory tee-shaped farmhouses. The tee house is shaped like the letter "t", one wing perpendicular to the main portion of the house in such a way that the main portion projects on each side.

The multistory tee house as found to be most prevalent in the areas of Nebraska included in this study. The sample comprised houses chosen by a method of random sampling. A personal interview was made at each farmhouse by a home economist and an agricultural engineer. Detailed measurements of the entire house and a …

Rb56-181 Rate Of Potato Tuber Growth On Dryland At The Box Butte Experiment Farm, H.O. Werner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Relatively late planting of potatoes, i.e., between June 12 and 25, has become the prevailing practice in the dryland areas of western Nebraska. Late planting distinctly improves the color and type of tubers, and reduces losses due to insects and diseases (especially soil-borne diseases caused by Fusarium and Streptomyces).

Beginning in 1937 and continuing to 1954 (in all except two years), potatoes growing with dryland culture at an altitude of 4,000 feet on the Box Butte Experiment Farm were harvested semimonthly to determine: time and rate of tuber growth; size of tubers produced by various dates; time and rate of …

Rb160 Pink Rot Of Potatoes Caused By Phytophthora Erythroseptica Pethyb., R. W. Goss

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

During the summer of 1943 reports were received of rotted tubers occurring in fields of early potatoes in central Nebraska. The fact that the tuber rot was present at harvest time and was associated with the early death of the plants rather than occurring as a postharvest disease indicated the presence of a disease factor previously unreported in Nebraska.

Fifty Years Of Achievement In Agricultural Investigation, R. T. Prescott

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Circulars

In Nebraska, a hustling frontier state in 1887, the legislature hesitated not at all in taking advantage of the provisions of the Hatch Act, and now that fifty years have elapsed since the Station was founded, seventy-five years since the Land Grant College Act was passed and the U. S. Department of Agriculture established, and almost twenty-five years since the Agricultural Extension Service was added, it seems worth while to present a general summary of achievement within the state. The main object will be to show some of the important things that have been learned through the investigations of the …

Ec38-118 Soil And Moisture Conservation In Nebraska, D.L. J. Gross, E.H. Doll

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

When the white men first explored Nebraska, they found little erosion taking place. They found the hills, particularly in eastern Nebraska, covered with a dense growth of grass, underlain with a thick mat of decaying debris. The valleys were even more densely covered with the water-loving grasses and sedges. The soil underneath the prairie was black and spongy, the result of centuries of accumulating humus. The valleys bordering the streams were boggy and abounded with springs. Clear water flowed constantly in the streams. The upland draws in the more favorable parts of the state were heavily covered with the big …

Ec38-118 Soil And Moisture Conservation In Nebraska, D.L. Gross, E.H. Doll

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

When the white men first explored Nebraska, they found little erosion taking place. They found the hills, particularly in eastern Nebraska, covered with a dense growth of grass, underlain with a thick mat of decaying debris. The valleys were even more densely covered with the water-loving grasses and sedges. The soil underneath and prairie was black and soggy, the result of centuries of accumulating humus. The valleys bordernig the streams were boggy and abounded with springs. Clear water flowed constantly in the streams. The upland draws in the more favorable parts of the state were heavily covered with the big …

Rb34-71 Effects Of Inflation And Deflation Upon Nebraska Agriculture, 1914 To 1932, H. Clyde Filley

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraska farmers prospered during the period which followed the depression of the nineties and preceded the beginning of the World War. To be sure the prosperity was not uniformly distributed either by years or by areas. The corn crop was unusually short in a large portion of the state in 1901 and an almost total failure in many of the southern counties in 1913. Chinch bugs did considerable injury in 1901 and the Hessian fly in 1905 and 1914. There was noticeable damage from insects in some areas in other years. No part of the state, however, suffered from long-continued …

Rb34-6 The Relation Of Drouth To Water-Use In Nebraska, G.E. Condra

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Three severe drouths have occurred in Nebraska and adjacent states within the past eighty years, and less severe ones have come at moderately regular intervals. Their influence on the agricultural development of the state is well known, but their relation to water supply in general is not so well understood.

This research bulletin is a brief review of the relation of drouth to soil moisture, surface water, and groundwater supplies.

Ec33-136 Corn In Nebraska, P.H. Stewart, D.L. Gross, T.A. Kiesselbach

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Corn is Nebraska's most important crop. Of the nearly 19 million acres under cultivation in the state, over 10 million acres or more than 50 percent is normally planted to corn. This is three times the acreage of wheat, four times that of oats, and ten times that of barley. The 10-year average acre yield of corn for this state is 25.8 bushels compared with 26.9 bushels for the entire United States. Nebraska, with an average annual crop of approximately 258 million bushels, usually ranks third among all states in the total production of corn, being exceeded by Iowa and …

Ec32-134 Sweet Clover Management, P.H. Stewart, D.L. Gross

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Sweet clover has made a phenomenal growth in popularity and acreage during recent years. In Nebraska, the production increased from 30,000 acres in 1920 to 1,126,000 acres in 1930, an expansion of over one million acres in a 10-year period. Just a few years ago, when sweet clover was classified as a weed, it was the subject of proposed state legislation to prevent its production and spread. Today sweet clover has a recognized place among standard crops and in rotation systems. The acreage of sweet clover in Nebraska is now practically equal to that of alfalfa and is more than …

Rb32-266 Cooling Milk On Nebraska Farms, P.A. Downs, E.B. Lewis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The desire of Nebraska people to continue the improvement of living conditions and to secure more healthful foods has been responsible for many changes in methods of caring for milk. One of the important factors in keeping milk sweet and of good quality is the process of cooling and keeping it cool until used. Three of these processes are as follows: placing containers of warm milk in any quantity of still water or still air at temperatures ranging from freezing to within a few degrees of the temperature of the milk, placing the containers in such positions that air or …

Ec32-713 The Trench Silo In Nebraska, Ivan D. Wood, E.B. Lewis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The original idea of using a trench for the storing of ensilage seems to have been the outgrowth of the practice long used in several European countries of storing clover and beet tops in pits. Shortly after the World War, western Canada followed by Montana and North Dakota began to use the trench silo. In Nebraska the true trench silo made its appearance about 1925 or 1926.

The trench silo as described in this circular, unless lined with some permanent material such as brick, concrete or stone, must be considered a temporary structure which will serve for a few years …

Ec31-133 The Management Of Nebraska Soils (Revised March 1936), P.H. Stewart, D.L. Gross

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The agricultural lands of this country are its greatest natural resource. History points out that nations with vast areas of good farm land are most likely to prosper and survive over long periods of time. Local communities, too, prosper and flourish in proportion to the productiveness of the surrounding land. Schools, social life, and business develop best in areas where the land is productive and properly managed and conserved.

Nebraska, in common with other states, has suffered by the depletion of soil fertility. The reduction in acres in legumes and grasses, and the deplation of the organic matter in the …

Rb30-244 Types Of Farming In Nebraska, Harold Hedges, F.E. Elliott

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

"Type of farming" as used in this bulletin is a term descriptive of a group of farms similar in size and enterprise combination. Thus a group of farms having the same kind, quantity, and proportion of crops oand livestock may be said to be following the same type of farming. The term "type-of-farming area" refers to an area within which there is a high degree of uniformity in the type of farming practicse and in the physical and economic conditions under which production takes place. This should not be understood to mean that there is absolute uniformity either in farming …

Ec28-234 Nebraska System For Tattooing Hogs For Identification After Slaughter, G.R. Boomer, O.O. Waggener

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

A plan to identify the individual farm upon which hogs reaching markets are produced has been developed in connection with the efforts toward eradicating tuberculosis among farm animals. While primarily intended as a means of tracing back to determine sources of disease infection, the system of tattooing which is being developed has other significant possibilities. With the growing emphasis on quality products in the market, it is only fair that the producers of high quality commodities receive the premiums paid by processors and consumers. Health of farm animals is a quality factor. The producer of healthy hogs should be rewarded. …