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Articles 1 - 30 of 99
Full-Text Articles in Education
History Doesn’T Repeat Itself, But Often Rhymes: An Analysis And Extension Of Models Influencing Special Education, Rebecca Owens
History Doesn’T Repeat Itself, But Often Rhymes: An Analysis And Extension Of Models Influencing Special Education, Rebecca Owens
Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects
The American special education system is largely hailed as a beacon for inclusion and support of students with disabilities, but was developed on the back of a deep, complicated history of isolation, fear, and ignorance. This historical analysis examines special education in the context of parallel-developing models of how those with disabilities are perceived and treated in the United States. Rather than juxtaposing the widely-discussed models of disability (moral, medical, and social) with the development of special education, I argue that they are consistent with a wave pattern, initially proposed by disability scholar and advocate Wolfensberger (1969), that traces the …
Emotional And Behavioral Disorders: Current Definitions, Terminology, And Prevalence, Edward A. Polloway, Rosel H. Schewel, James M. Kauffman, Antonia Charles, Tom E.C. Smith, James R. Patton, Lihua Yang
Emotional And Behavioral Disorders: Current Definitions, Terminology, And Prevalence, Edward A. Polloway, Rosel H. Schewel, James M. Kauffman, Antonia Charles, Tom E.C. Smith, James R. Patton, Lihua Yang
LC Journal of Special Education
This study provides an analysis of state guidelines with respect to terminology and definitions in emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) as well as demographic trends. The data were analyzed from the web-based state guidelines for terminology and definitions for all 50 states and the District of Columbia and then from mining data from the most recent reports of the United States Department of Education on IDEA (USDOE, 2015, 2016). Significant findings included current information on state-based terminology, state definitions, and school prevalence. Implications are made with special attention to these factors as identified above as they relate to educational programs …
Graphic Models And Instructional Tools For Students With Special Needs (Revised), Edward A. Polloway, Jacqueline Lubin
Graphic Models And Instructional Tools For Students With Special Needs (Revised), Edward A. Polloway, Jacqueline Lubin
LC Journal of Special Education
This document is intended for educators with interest in students with special needs. It provides various graphical models and instructional tools that relate to teaching reading, writing, math, and social studies and science to students with disabilities. The paper is divided into four sections: reading, writing, math, social studies and science. In each section, multiple examples of models are provided. The information provided can be used for general knowledge, as part of course content in special education classes and/or as reference material. The authors acknowledge the work of Allison Meade and Wendy Bailey-Joseph in developing an earlier edition of this …
Demographic Trends In Educational Programs For Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders, Edward A. Polloway, Rosel H. Schewel, James M. Kauffman, Tom E.C. Smith, Antonia Charles
Demographic Trends In Educational Programs For Students With Emotional And Behavioral Disorders, Edward A. Polloway, Rosel H. Schewel, James M. Kauffman, Tom E.C. Smith, Antonia Charles
LC Journal of Special Education
This study analyzes demographic data in the field of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). The data are from the most recent reports of the United States Department of Education on IDEA (USDOE, 2015, 2016). Findings focus on school prevalence, ethnicity, placement in educational environments, and school exit patterns. Implications focus in particular on attention to these respective demographic areas identified above as they relate to educational programs.
Dir Floortime Therapy, Rebecca C. Matheson
Dir Floortime Therapy, Rebecca C. Matheson
LC Journal of Special Education
DIR Floortime Therapy is a social pragmatic approach used to help children with autism develop stronger verbal and social skills. Dr. Stanley Greenspan determined there were six milestones all children must master in order to develop appropriate language and social skills. DIR Floortime Therapy engages with the child through play in order to create a naturalistic environment that helps children achieve these milestones. While the approach is not evidence based, several studies have been conducted using DIR Floortime Therapy to strengthen language and social skills in young children with autism. The majority of these studies found a greater increase in …
The Impact Of Early Childhood Education On The Phonological Awareness Development Of Young Children, Antonia M. Charles
The Impact Of Early Childhood Education On The Phonological Awareness Development Of Young Children, Antonia M. Charles
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of curriculum and pre-school programming of an early learning center on the phonemic and phonological performance of students. This research firstly examined whether there was a significant increase in students’ phonological awareness performance after instruction. It secondly compared the performance of students identified as coming from a low income household to those who were not identified as coming from a low income households. Finally, it examined the performance of students with disabilities to their counterparts without disabilities.
Etiology Of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd): Familial Perceptions Versus Empirically Validated Data, Jacqueline Lubin
Etiology Of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd): Familial Perceptions Versus Empirically Validated Data, Jacqueline Lubin
LC Journal of Special Education
Presently, there is desynchronization between what parents and family member perceive as causal factors and what research has proven to be possible indicators. This is of great concern because parents choose interventions based on what they perceive to be the cause of ASD (Dardennes et al., 2011). The implication of this is that parents may unintentionally opt for interventions which may be unsuitable for their child. This research paper will seek to highlight and discuss the factors that parents, family and professionals in the field perceive as causes of ASD and the factors that research have identified as triggers (or …
The Portrayal Of Individuals With Developmental Disabilities Within The Media: A Critique Of Six Films Produced Across Sixteen Years, Becca Irvine
LC Journal of Special Education
This paper will explore six films that involve individuals with developmental disabilities and gain a better grasp on the portrayal as determined through the attached tables. The films that were critiqued include Adam, Radio, What’s Eating Gilbert Grape, Forrest Gump, Tru Confessions, and The Ringer. These films span a total of 16 years and involve main characters and supporting characters with developmental disabilities, some played by actors who are typically developing and others played by actors with disabilities. Through careful observations, the films were reviewed for a variety of means, including social communication and interaction, behaviors, and presence in early …
Sibling-Mediated Interventions For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd), Jacqueline Lubin
Sibling-Mediated Interventions For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd), Jacqueline Lubin
LC Journal of Special Education
Siblings spend a significant proportion of the day with siblings with autism than do their typically developing peers. Therefore, sibling-mediated interventions should be a major part of the repertoire of interventions used to aid children with autism develop social skills. Bass and Mulick (2007) explained that using siblings as social intervention agents have several benefits, including constant practice opportunities in the natural setting, parental support and the increased probability of generalization of social skills learned. Therefore, this paper will examine validated sibling-mediated interventions and discuss their effectiveness in enhancing social competence in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Homework Problems And Remedies, Antonia M. Charles
Homework Problems And Remedies, Antonia M. Charles
LC Journal of Special Education
This literature review provides a summary of some of the homework problems experienced by students with learning difficulties documented in previous research. It also seeks to outline some practical suggestions which can be utilized to remediate the homework problems experienced by this group of students. Finally, this review examines the role of teachers in assisting this group of students become successful in this regard.
Phonemic Awareness: An Important Piece Of The Reading Puzzle, Brandi Booker
Phonemic Awareness: An Important Piece Of The Reading Puzzle, Brandi Booker
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to provide research findings on phonemic awareness. The major topics to be discussed are assessment, strategies, and effectiveness. This paper will conclude with a discussion on the major topics and its importance for special education.
Promoting Self-Determination In Iep Meetings, Hyunjoo Lee, Hsiang-Yi Wu
Promoting Self-Determination In Iep Meetings, Hyunjoo Lee, Hsiang-Yi Wu
LC Journal of Special Education
Promoting self-determination has been linked to the IEP process, given the focus on decision making and goal setting within such meetings. A student with a disability can take an active role in his/her meeting by leading the meeting, describing his or her information to others, self- advocating about hopes and accommodation, making choices as it pertains to future goals and transition services, and solving possible problems. The IEP meeting can be a powerful place for students with disabilities to learn and practice decision-making and other skills leading to enhanced self-determination. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the …
Promoting The Self-Determination Of Students With Severe Cognitive Disabilities, Sookyung Shin, Vera Lynne Stroup-Rentier
Promoting The Self-Determination Of Students With Severe Cognitive Disabilities, Sookyung Shin, Vera Lynne Stroup-Rentier
LC Journal of Special Education
This literature review explores five published articles focused on the promotion of self- determination of students with severe cognitive disabilities. The purpose of this literature review is to better understand the details of the interventions designed to support students with the most severe cognitive disabilities. Within this framework, data was collected to examine participants, settings, implementers, and results. All five studies reported positive outcomes for all students in the promotion of self-determination.
Choice Making And Individuals With Significant Disabilities, Jacob Wolf, Kristin Joannou
Choice Making And Individuals With Significant Disabilities, Jacob Wolf, Kristin Joannou
LC Journal of Special Education
This literature review addresses issues and trends pertaining to choice making for individuals with significant disabilities. The benefits and development of choice making will be addressed, followed by a summary of several barriers to choice making. The review concludes with a synthesis of strategies and interventions for increasing effective choice-making opportunities, including choice-making formats, teaching choice making, and building choice making into daily contexts.
Communicative Competence And Self-Determination, Sonya Spolsky, Gina Debarthe
Communicative Competence And Self-Determination, Sonya Spolsky, Gina Debarthe
LC Journal of Special Education
Self-determination describes people acting as the primary causal agents in their lives through their own volition (Wehmeyer, 1998; Wehmeyer, 2005). Volition means making choices with intention and consciousness. Self-determination consists of four essential characteristics related to volition: Autonomy, self-regulation, psychological empowerment, and self realization (Wehmeyer et al., 2007). Acting autonomously, in a manner to achieve specified goals, problem solving to meet those goals and being aware of the possible outcomes describe some of the activities related to volition and the characteristic of self determination (Light & Gullens, 2000; Wehmeyer et al., 2007). Self-determined people influence their own lives. People with …
Parent Autonomy Support For Children With Low Achievement And Disabilities, Caya Chiu, Shana Haines
Parent Autonomy Support For Children With Low Achievement And Disabilities, Caya Chiu, Shana Haines
LC Journal of Special Education
Only a limited amount of research focuses on building skills leading to enhanced self- determination for children with disabilities within the home environment (Abery & Stancliffe, 1996; Shogren & Turnbull, 2006), even though families play a critical role in developing the self-determination of their children (Abery & Zajac, 1996; Palmer et al., 2012). According to Shogren and Turnbull (2006), this lack of attention on developing the self-determination of children with disabilities at home, within families, “may detrimentally limit the field’s ability to support children, and families, in developing the capacity for, or for promoting, self- determination” (p. 341). Some research, …
Introduction To Special Topic Issue On Self-Determination, Michael L. Wehmeyer
Introduction To Special Topic Issue On Self-Determination, Michael L. Wehmeyer
LC Journal of Special Education
Over the past two decades, promoting the self-determination of students with disabilities has become a best practice in secondary education and transition services (Wehmeyer, Abery, Mithaug, & Stancliffe, 2003; Wehmeyer, Agran, Hughes, Martin, Mithaug, & Palmer, 2007). Self-determination refers to self- (vs. other-) caused action—to people acting volitionally, based on their own will. Volition is the capability of conscious choice, decision, and intention. Self- determined behavior is volitional, self-caused or self-initiated action.
Self-Injury And Behavior Supports For People With Intellectual Disability, Lihua Yang
Self-Injury And Behavior Supports For People With Intellectual Disability, Lihua Yang
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to seek strategies that can be effective to support behaviors of individuals with ID. The major topics will be addressed include the characteristics of people with ID, concerns and causes of SIB, and interventions used to address this behavior. The paper then concludes with a discussion of choosing different strategies for individuals with ID to accommodate individuals’ needs.
Effective Reading Comprehension Strategies For Individuals With Learning Disabilities: A Research Synthesis, Gordon B. Worcester Ii
Effective Reading Comprehension Strategies For Individuals With Learning Disabilities: A Research Synthesis, Gordon B. Worcester Ii
LC Journal of Special Education
This paper will explore and synthesize the body of current research on effective reading comprehension instruction and strategies. Beginning with a survey of several variables that affect working memory and executive processes, this paper will discuss how the mind’s ability to interpret text and derive meaning is a critical component for reading comprehension. The article will also explore how the elements of the working memory affect student with learning disabilities (LD). Furthermore, the working memory’s executive process is essential for the “simultaneous process of extracting and construction meaning” from text (Garcia-Madruga et al., 2013, p. 155). In addition, this paper …
Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities And Considerations For The Criminal Justice System, Gordon B. Worcester Ii
Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities And Considerations For The Criminal Justice System, Gordon B. Worcester Ii
LC Journal of Special Education
This paper will explore the adaptive components of ID as expressed by Greenspan (2003; 2006)—vulnerability/suggestibility, gullibility, naiveté, one’s desire to please and a cloak of competence. These and other adaptive characteristics provide strong evidence that individuals with ID are more vulnerable than typically developing persons; and these characteristics can be problematic for individuals with ID who may encounter entities from the criminal justice system. Furthermore, existing research indicates that there are a disproportionate number of individuals with ID represented within the criminal justice system. Between 4% and 10% of the prison population are individuals with ID (Petersilia, 2000). In addition, …
From Sheltered Workshops To Integrated Employment: A Long Transition, Jessica L. Nettles
From Sheltered Workshops To Integrated Employment: A Long Transition, Jessica L. Nettles
LC Journal of Special Education
This literature review will examine the policy history of sheltered workshops and integrated employment and discuss the successes and limitations of the current legislation surrounding the employment of individuals with disabilities. The review will also explore the research that reveals the negative impacts of segregation and the benefits of integration both for the individual and community at large. It will review cost-efficiency of both sheltered and integrated employment and some of the barriers to organizational change that have slowed the transition. This literature review will conclude with summaries of current research as well as suggestions for policy and philosophy changes …
Elementary Special Education Teachers’ Attitudes Regarding Inclusion, Tara Ridarick, Ravic Ringlaben
Elementary Special Education Teachers’ Attitudes Regarding Inclusion, Tara Ridarick, Ravic Ringlaben
LC Journal of Special Education
This study looked at the attitudes of elementary special education teachers in a school district in the Southeastern United States that has been regularly including students with disabilities in general education classrooms for the past ten years. Teacher attitude has been shown to be an important indicator of the success of inclusion. However, students with disabilities as a group continue to not meet expectations on state standardized testing. Clearly, even though schools are practicing inclusion, they may not be experiencing success. The success of inclusion has been linked to the support of the special education teachers (Cook et al., 1999). …
Implementation Of Token Economies In School Settings, Shayla Mcdonnell
Implementation Of Token Economies In School Settings, Shayla Mcdonnell
LC Journal of Special Education
Token economies can be a useful classroom management strategy. A token economy typically involves certain rules for how students may gain and/or lose tokens, and the tokens may be redeemed for a reward, which should be reinforcing for the student (Alter, Wyrick, Brown, & Lingo, 2008). Token economies allow teachers to ‘reward’ students symbolically with tokens to represent the actual reinforcement, which the student will receive in the future, so that the rewards are not frequently disrupting instruction or interfering with other students’ learning. There are many different variations, which may be used for implementing token economies and they can …
Reading And Students With Intellectual Disabilities: Using The Readers Workshop Model To Provide Balanced Literacy Instruction, Rebecca Mahlburg
Reading And Students With Intellectual Disabilities: Using The Readers Workshop Model To Provide Balanced Literacy Instruction, Rebecca Mahlburg
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to explain how reading skills benefit students with intellectual disabilities in multiple areas of their lives and to propose that Readers Workshop, a model used in many educational settings, may also be used in literacy instruction for students with intellectual disabilities. The major topics that will be addressed include the importance of reading for students with intellectual disabilities, historical approaches to teaching reading to students with intellectual disabilities, and an overview of reading instructional methods. Readers Workshop is described as it is commonly used in general education classrooms and benefits of using this model …
Reading Comprehension: Strategies For Elementary And Secondary School Students, Michele Harvey
Reading Comprehension: Strategies For Elementary And Secondary School Students, Michele Harvey
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to discuss several strategies that can be used for elementary and secondary school students who have disabilities but would also benefit those without disabilities as well.
Students With Dual Exceptionalities: Does K-12 Public Education Meet Their Needs?, Lillian Calendrillo Guzlowski
Students With Dual Exceptionalities: Does K-12 Public Education Meet Their Needs?, Lillian Calendrillo Guzlowski
LC Journal of Special Education
This literature review will describe these strands of investigation and the research that has been done on dual exceptionalities. It will look at the key concepts of dual exceptionality including history, categories of students with dual exceptionalities, and characteristics of students with dual exceptionalities; the identification of students with dual exceptionalities; and the educational programs for students with dual exceptionalities including teaching strategies and the role of guidance counselors.
The Role Of Functional Skills Instruction, Patrice Thompson, Lisa J.D. Thomas, Sharron J. Gunter, Jenevie Bailey
The Role Of Functional Skills Instruction, Patrice Thompson, Lisa J.D. Thomas, Sharron J. Gunter, Jenevie Bailey
LC Journal of Special Education
Functional skills, according to Cronin (1996), are the tasks that help individuals become successful and independent adults. Vandercook (1991) stated, “a true functional skill is one that is initiated, used, and maintained under typical circumstances” (p. 320). Functional skills are often taught in conjunction with functional academics. Bouck and Joshi (2012) defined functional academics as an approach to teach “students the skills to help them be productive members of society and support post school outcomes” (p. 140). Functional academics may include “core subject content, vocational education, community access, daily living, personal finance, independent living, transportation, social skills and relationships, and …
Risk, Families, And Interventions In Early Childhood Special Education, Angela Deeds
Risk, Families, And Interventions In Early Childhood Special Education, Angela Deeds
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of key characteristics of early childhood special education and early intervention services. This paper seeks to explain key concepts that will aid professionals in their daily interactions with students, families, other professionals, and the outside community. The major topics that will be addressed are the determination of risk in ECSE, types of interventions used with young children with disabilities, and the family as an important collaborator in providing ECSE and EI services. The paper will then conclude with a discussion that addresses the salient point of the article and …
Behavioral Supports For Individuals With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Brandi Booker
Behavioral Supports For Individuals With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities, Brandi Booker
LC Journal of Special Education
The purpose of this paper is to provide research based behavioral supports that can be used with certain behaviors with individuals of intellectual and developmental disabilities. The major topics that will be addressed are self-injurious, aggressive, and off-task behavioral supports. This paper will conclude with a discussion of these three behaviors and their supports and the implications for educators.
Effects Of Journaling To Decrease Repetitive Questioning Of Individuals With High-Functioning Autism, Annette D. Atwater
Effects Of Journaling To Decrease Repetitive Questioning Of Individuals With High-Functioning Autism, Annette D. Atwater
LC Journal of Special Education
One of the characteristics that can stigmatize and isolate an individual with ASD is restricted interests and the often associated repetitive questioning within those interests. Educational best practice utilizes restricted interests in strategies for socialization and transitions by incorporating the restrictive interest into the activity (Boyd, Alter, & Conroy, 2005), but repetitive questioning tends to be a strain on social interaction in school and home environments (Eaves & Ho, 2008; Lounds, Seltzer, Greenberg, & Shattuck, 2007; Seltzer, Krauss, Orsmond, & Vestal, 2001). Unfortunately, there has been relatively little research conducted in the area of treating restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) …