Education Commons^™

Maps And Mobilities: On The Possibilities And Limits Of Spatial Technologies For Humanities Research, Christopher R. Brennan-Horley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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This paper explores the limits of spatial representation for understanding historic mobilities in a rural Australian setting. For this research, an historical GIS was populated from paper map archives denoting where and when bitumen roads were sealed in the Bega Valley, NSW. Using existing geospatial methods, a temporally sensitive network analysis was conducted, revealing a picture of regional mobility reshaped by modernist infrastructure improvements. Yet a straightforward binary pitting sealed roads as 'good' vs unsealed roads as 'bad' was challenged in subsequent qualitative interviews with long-time residents. Instead, a range of opinions emerged about the role that differing road surfaces …

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"Teachers Are Not Empty Vessels": A Reception Study Of Freeman And Johnson's (1998) Reconceptualization Of The Knowledge Base Of Second Language Teacher Education, Joseph J. Lee, John Murphy, Amanda Ann Baker

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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This study traces the reception history of Freeman and Johnson's (1998) widely cited article dedicated to theory and practices of second language teacher education (SLTE). It illuminates the degree to which that article has impacted SLTE theory, research, and potentially instructional practices. The reception study analysis is based on a data set of 413 journal articles, books, book chapters, master's theses, and doctoral dissertations that cited Freeman and Johnson (F&J) between 1999 and 2014. Using an innovative analytical approach combining both Hyland's (1999, 2004) citation categories and Coffin's (2009) stance framework, we investigate the citation analytics of F&J within this …

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Reggio Emilia As A Metaphorical Homeland: An Account Of Professional 'Becoming', Gai M. Lindsay

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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An invitation in the August 2014 edition of 'The Challenge' to reflect on how the Reggio Emilia educational project has influenced me professionally and personally immediately provoked memories from throughout my teaching career. Encounters with the ideas underpinning pedagogy in Reggio Emilia have repeatedly reignited my passion as an early childhood teacher and have provoked me to advocacy, debate, research in practice, leadership and now doctoral studies and university teaching. Much of the credit I give to the project in Reggio Emilia for my ongoing growth as an educator has been documented in previous editions of 'The Challenge' (Lindsay 2008a, …

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Shifting Towards Inquiry-Orientated Learning In A High School Outreach Program, Tom Gordon, Manjula Sharma, Helen Georgiou, Matthew Hill

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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This paper presents results of an examination the effect of the introduction of inquiry-orientated learning, IOL, activities into the formal education outreach program for senior high school Physics students run by School of Physics at the University of Sydney, 'Kickstart Physics.' This is the flagship outreach program from the Faculty of Science and accommodates approximately a quarter of the total number of students that sit the state Physics exam. The project considered how students arrive at different inquiry-orientated outcomes such as making hypotheses, displaying and interpreting data, validity, reliability, as well as the mental effort reported by the students during …

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Does Using Active Learning In Thermodynamics Lectures Improve Students' Conceptual Understanding And Learning Experiences?, Helen Georgiou, Manjula Sharma

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Encouraging 'active learning' in the large lecture theatre emerges as a credible recommendation for improving university courses, with reports often showing significant improvements in learning outcomes. However, the recommendations are based predominantly on studies undertaken in mechanics. We set out to examine those claims in the thermodynamics module of a large first year physics course with an established technique, called interactive lecture demonstrations (ILDs). The study took place at University of Sydney, where four parallel streams of the thermodynamics module were divided into two streams that experienced the ILDs and two streams that did not. The programme was first implemented …

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Breaking The Barriers: Supporting And Engaging First-In-Family University Learners And Their Families, Sarah Elizabeth O'Shea, Josephine May, Cathy Stone

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Universities attract students from a wide range of backgrounds, yet equity of access and participation for all potential students remains elusive. Access and participation is highly differentiated in the United Kingdom, North America and Australia (Abbott-Chapman, 2006; Couvillion-Landry, 2002-2003; Forsyth & Furlong, 2003; James, 2008; Schuetze & Slowey, 2002) and poorer educational outcomes for students who are first-in-family (FiF) are recorded globally (ABS, 2013; Harrell & Forney, 2003; Lehmann, 2009; National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2012). The international research on this group indicates that they are collectively less likely to go to university and also, after arrival, may not …

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Are Your Ducks In A Row? External And Internal Stakeholder Perceptions Of The Benefits Of Parks In New South Wales, Australia, Monica Torland, Betty Weiler, Brent Moyle, Isabelle D. Wolf

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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This research examines the strategic alignment between external and internal stakeholders' perceptions of the benefits of parks. To achieve this objective, surveys were distributed to park agency staff, as well as a sample of residents in New South Wales, Australia. Findings revealed alignment between external and internal stakeholders, with executive managers' perceptions being generally more favourable than staff and community. The paper pays particular attention to the alignment of internal stakeholders' (staff) perceptions, which is important for establishing and defending the market position of parks. A high degree of strategic alignment was found between executive and staff for personal benefits. …

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Agreement Between Definitions Of Pharmaceutical Opioid Use Disorders And Dependence In People Taking Opioids For Chronic Non-Cancer Pain (Point): A Cohort Study, Louisa Degenhardt, Raimondo Bruno, Nicholas Lintzeris, Wayne Hall, Suzanne Nielsen, Briony K. Larance, Milton Cohen, Gabrielle Campbell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Background

Classification of patients with pharmaceutical opioid use disorder and dependence varies depending on which definition is used. We compared how WHO's ICD-10 and proposed ICD-11 and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-IV and DSM-5 classified individuals in a community-based sample of Australians with chronic non-cancer pain for which opioids have been prescribed.

Methods

We studied participants in the Pain and Opioid IN Treatment (POINT) cohort, a 2 year prospective cohort study of 1514 people prescribed pharmaceutical opioids for their chronic pain who were recruited in 2012–13 from community-based pharmacies across Australia. After giving patients the Composite International Diagnostic Interview about …

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Salvaging Democracy For West Papuans In The Face Of Australia-Indonesia Obstruction, Camellia B. Webb-Gannon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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This article argues that the democratic ideals espoused by Australia and Indonesia fall short in application to West Papua and West Papuans, and notes that such shortcomings are legitimated by mainstream media's exoticist portrayals of West Papuans, particularly in Australia. The antidemocratic policies and processes of each government with regard to West Papua actually enable the (by and large) "good" bilateral relations at the state level to remain intact. However, this article contends that democracy, as practiced by civil society actors at the grassroots and digital network level in Australia and West Papua, creates cracks in the official Australia-Indonesia state …

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Technology, Normalisation And Male Sex Work, Catherine L. Mac Phail, John Scott, Victor Minichiello

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Technological change, particularly the growth of the Internet and smart phones, has increased the visibility of male escorts, expanded their client base and diversified the range of venues in which male sex work can take place. Specifically, the Internet has relocated some forms of male sex work away from the street and thereby increased market reach, visibility and access and the scope of sex work advertising. Using the online profiles of 257 male sex workers drawn from six of the largest websites advertising male sexual services in Australia, the role of the Internet in facilitating the normalisation of male sex …

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A Cluster Randomized-Controlled Trial Of A Community Mobilization Intervention To Change Gender Norms And Reduce Hiv Risk In Rural South Africa: Study Design And Intervention, Audrey Pettifor, Sheri Lippman, Amanda Selin, Dean Peacock, Ann Gottert, Suzanne Maman, Dumisani Rebombo, Chirayath Suchindran, Rhian Twine, Kathryn Lancaster, Tamu Daniel, F Gomez-Olive, Kathleen Kahn, Catherine L. Mac Phail

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Background: Community mobilization (CM) interventions show promise in changing gender norms and preventing HIV, but few have been based on a defined mobilization model or rigorously evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to describe the intervention design and implementation and present baseline findings of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) of a two-year, theory-based CM intervention that aimed to change gender norms and reduce HIV risk in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Methods: Community Mobilizers and volunteer Community Action Teams (CATs) implemented two-day workshops, a range of outreach activities, and leadership engagement meetings. All activities were mapped onto six …

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Sexual Partnership Patterns Among South African Adolescent Girls Enrolled In Sti Preventions Trial Network 068: Measurement Challenges And Implications For Hiv/Sti Transmission, Nadia Nguyen, Kimberly Powers, James Hughes, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Estelle Piwowar-Manning, Eshan Patel, Francesc Xavier Gomez-Olive, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Background: Estimates of sexual partnership durations, gaps between partnerships, and overlaps across partnerships are important for understanding sexual partnership patterns and developing interventions to prevent transmission of HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, a validated, optimal approach for estimating these parameters, particularly when partnerships are ongoing, has not been established. Methods: We assessed 4 approaches for estimating partnership parameters using cross-sectional reports on dates of first and most recent sex and partnership status (ongoing or not) from 654 adolescent girls in rural South Africa. The first, commonly used, approach assumes all partnerships have ended, resulting in underestimated durations for ongoing partnerships. …

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Desire, Belonging And Absence In Rural Places, John Scott, Anthony Lyons, Catherine L. Mac Phail

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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One of the more popular and enduring characters introduced by the British sketch comedy Little Britain (2003-2006) was Daffyd Thomas, a 25-year-old gay man living in the fictional village of Llandewi Breffi, Wales. The comedy played to Daffyd's claim to be 'the only gay in the village' (shown to be blatantly untrue), his apparent homophobia and his attention-seeking behaviour, as evident in his over-the-top dress sense. Yet, what made the comedy 'work' was the setting, a traditional pub in rural Wales. As with much comedy, Daffyd presented as 'matter out of place', to borrow a phrase from Mary Douglas (1992); …

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Hptn 062: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Exploring The Effect Of A Motivational-Interviewing Intervention On Sexual Behavior Among Individuals With Acute Hiv Infection In Lilongwe, Malawi, Audrey Pettifor, Amy Corneli, Gift Kamanga, Kevin Mckenna, Nora Rosenberg, Xuesong Yu, San-San Ou, Cecilia Massa, Patricia Wiyo, Diana Lynn, Jenae Tharaldson, Carol Golin, Irving Hoffman, Catherine L. Mac Phail

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Objective We pilot tested a Motivational Interviewing (MI) -based counseling intervention for individuals with Acute HIV Infection (AHI) to reduce risky sexual behavior in Lilongwe, Malawi. Methods Twenty-eight individuals diagnosed with AHI were randomized to receive either brief education alone, or the brief education plus the MI-based intervention, called Uphungu Wanga. Participants in Uphungu Wanga received four sessions delivered on the day of diagnosis, three days later and at weeks 1 and 2 with a booster session at week 8; participants were followed for 24 weeks from diagnosis. An interviewer administered quantitative questionnaire was conducted at baseline and at weeks …

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Shading Liveable Cities: Exploring The Ecological, Financial And Regulatory Dimensions Of The Urban Tree Canopy, Nicole T. Cook, Rachel Hughes, Elizabeth Taylor, Stephen J. Livesley, Melanie Davern

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Recognising the critical role of tree cover in the context of urban resilience and vulnerability, the objective of the Shading Liveable Cities project was to better understand the different factors shaping the provision and maintenance of the urban tree canopy in suburban contexts.

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'Beware Justice Advocates Bearing Gifts': A Commentary On The Glorification Of Family Group Conferencing, Juan M. Tauri

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Book review of A gift to the world: The youth justice family group conference, by Carolyn Henwood and Stephen Stratford, published by the Henwood Trust (2014).

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Green Space And Child Weight Status: Does Outcome Measurement Matter? Evidence From An Australian Longitudinal Study, Taren Sanders, Xiaoqi Feng, Paul P. Fahey, Chris Lonsdale, Thomas Astell-Burt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Objective: To examine whether neighbourhood green space is beneficially associated with (i) waist circumference (WC) and (ii) waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) across childhood. Methods: Gender-stratified multilevel linear regressions were used to examine associations between green space and objective measures of weight status in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, a nationally representative source of data on 4,423 children aged 6 y to 13 y. WC and WtHR were measured objectively. Percentage green space within the local area of residence was calculated. Effect modification by age was explored, adjusting for socioeconomic confounding. Results: Compared to peers with 0-5% green space locally, boys …

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The Utility Of Action Research To Support The Development Of Dementia Friendly Communities, Lyn Phillipson, Christopher R. Brennan-Horley, Richard Fleming, Danika Hall, Ellen Skladzien, Kate Swaffer, Nick Guggisberg

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Abstract presented at the 30th International Conference of Alzheimer's Disease International, 15 - 18 April 2015, Perth, Australia

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A Study Of Self-Determined Motivation Toward Physical Education Among Different Levels Of Schooling, Dana J. Perlman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Educational research is continously examining the changes and progress of students throughout their educational career. Understanding student change is a critical element in creating learning settings that can meet the diverse needs of students. An area of inquiry important to the education, engagement and learning of students is their motivation or self-determination. Researchers commonly make an inference that motivation decreases as student's progress throughout their academic career, yet no empirical evidence has been gathered to support these claims. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the self-determined motivation toward physical education of three different groups of students. Data …

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The Teacher Care Project: Enhancing Motivation, Engagement And Effort Of A-Motivated Students, Dana J. Perlman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of different relatedness supportive settings on the motivation, engagement and effort of a-motivated students in secondary physical education. 147 a-motivated students from 5 schools were taught in a setting that was either high or low in support for their need of relatedness. Data were collected using a pretest and posttest design to examine a-motivated student's level of motivation, engagement and effort. Repeated measures ANOVA's with follow-up comparisons were utilized to analyze the data. Results indicated that students engaged in the high supportive setting significantly increased their levels of motivation, engagement …

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Risk Assessment Of Exposure To Needle-Stick Injuries By Healthcare Failure Mode And Effect Analysis Method In A Large Hospital, R Yarahmadi, Mehdi Aligol, Meysam Eyvazlou, Shahnaz Bakand

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

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Article in Persian Background and Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are one of the most important jobs in exposure to Needle Stick (NS) and, therefore, are in risk of infection to diseases such as Hepatitis B (HB) and AIDS. The aim of this study was to identify and assess risk of injuries caused by needle and sharps in healthcare personnel of a hospital in Tehran. Methods: In this study, hazard analysis method of Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) was selected. After several meetings with related experts, by the help of a provided checklist, hazardous processes related to NS injuries …

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