Business Commons^™

Acreage Of Foreign Owned Farmland In The Mountain West, 2020, Geneva Martin, Saha Salahi, Zachary Billot, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Housing & Real Estate

This fact sheet examines foreign-owned farmland in the Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah, as originally reported by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Farm Service Agency.

A Qualitative Look Into Repair Practices, Jumana Labib

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

This research poster is based on a working research paper which moves beyond the traditional scope of repair and examines the Right to Repair movement from a smaller, more personal lens by detailing the 6 categorical impediments as dubbed by Dr. Alissa Centivany (design, law, economic/business strategy, material asymmetry, informational asymmetry, and social impediments) have continuously inhibited repair and affected repair practices, which has consequently had larger implications (environmental, economic, social, etc.) on ourselves, our objects, and our world. The poster builds upon my research from last year (see "The Right to Repair: (Re)building a better future"), this time pulling …

Effect Of Leverage Ratio And Ownership Structure On Internationalization Of Indian Firms, Rashmi, Swati Matta

Management Dynamics

The paper attempts to find a relation between internationalization of firms & the amount of leverage and ownership stake in the capital structure. 'Ownership' & 'Leverage' have been taken as independent variables for the purpose of this study; and 'Degree of internationalization'- defined as 'the percentage of total sales coming from foreign operation' is taken as the dependent variable for the purpose of this analysis. The multivariate dummy regression was run on the data of 100 firms to determine the nature of relationship between the capital structure and internationalization of firms. Further, t-test was used to find the strength of …

Tracking Tangible Asset Ownership And Provenance With Blockchain, Mark D. Sheldon

2022 Faculty Bibliography

Blockchain transactions are recorded in a shared and append-only repository that multiple parties verify, validate, and agree-upon. While initially used to keep track of digital assets, blockchains now track the ownership and provenance of tangible assets. An inherent challenge in using blockchain for this task involves keeping the status of a tangible asset in the physical world in sync with its non-fungible token on a blockchain. While several blockchains are already being used in this manner, specific implementation details are fragmented. In response, this study examines four stages of tracking tangible assets using a consortium’s permissioned blockchain, including: design and …

What Is The Role Of Large Shareholders In Monitoring Corporate Performance?, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

Research in China suggests that increased stock liquidity provides large shareholders incentives to enhance monitoring activities and improve corporate governance

Are Native Plants Green? Assessing Environmental Performances Of Locally-Owned Facilities, Narae Lee, Jiao Luo

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We study the impact of corporate ownership and community conditions on firm environmental pollution. While the existing literature often thinks of environmental pollution as a unitary construct, we emphasize the distinction between toxic emissions, which have immediate but locally bounded impact, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which have gradual but global impact, producing climate change. Using a facility-level panel of all manufacturing facilities in the US from 2010-2018, and leveraging within-facility changes in ownership status, we show that locally owned firms have lower levels of toxic emissions, but they are also less likely to report GHG emissions, and have higher …

Retaining Ownership Of Calves- Obendorf Farms, Gabrielle Bishop

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports

Retaining Ownership is when a producer chooses to obtain ownership of their calves until they have reached a finished weight and are ready to be sent to slaughter. Cow-calf producers generally sell their calves at weaning time or within a few months of weaning. Every operation as their own way of doing things and sometimes change is hard to come by. Obendorf Farms wanted to evaluate, at what point in time would it be best to sell their 2020 calf crop? Four different scenarios were analyzed. The first scenario involved no change from previous years which, is selling their calves …

International Ownership And Firm Performance In Arab Economies, Stefan Lutz, Karim Hegazy, Ehab K. A. Mohamed, Mohamed A. K. Basuony

All Works

This paper aims at filling existing research by examining the impact of corporate governance and ownership structure on firm performance using cross-sectional data from companies in the MENA region for the years 2009-2013. The results indicate that higher ownership concentration is associated with higher returns. Furthermore, firms with higher international ownership share tend to perform better than those with only local private and/or state ownership. The results suggest some prevalent features with respect to ownership and performance of firms in the MENA region. Due to the volatile social and business environment, these firms operate in, they may be particularly dependent …

How Religious Tourism And Pilgrimages Can Be Beneficial To Communities, Julian C. Zarb

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

This paper highlights the distinction between tourism as a socio-economic industry and tourism as a socio-cultural activity. The defining feature of sustainable , culturally supportive and beneficial tourism is community engagement. This paper proposes that the traditional aspects of hospitality, service and experience can be fully manifest if there is an engagement with local communities, which is thus manifest in immersion by the visitor in the activities around which events are based. This can only occur when development adopts a Community Based Tourism model. If locations such as Malta wish to develop religious tourism to the benefit of all, this …

End-Users Compliance To The Information Security Policy: A Comparison Of Motivational Factors, Peter Straver, Pascal Ravesteyn

Communications of the IIMA

Business information, held within information systems, is critical for most organizations. To protect these critical information assets, security controls should be deployed which might come as a hindrance for the end-users. The Information Security Policies (ISP) give direction to their behaviors. Organizations can focus on conditions likely to promote so-called motivational factors influencing the end-users intentions to perform the desired behavior of compliance to ISP in order to protect these information assets.

In total, six motivational factors, applicable to intentions on compliance, are found during research and are measured within five organizational contexts. From the measurements and analysis is learned, …

Independence Or In-Dependence? Non-Strict Independence Among Publicly Listed Firms In The Philippines, Evan Lance C. Li Liao, Angelo A. Unite, Michael J. Sullivan, Ailyn A. Shi

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies

Board independence is thought of as a corporate governance tool that mitigates agency conflicts among firms with either a widely held ownership structure or a highly concentrated ownership structure. As a result, having a high degree of board independence is adopted as the best corporate governance practice in most developed and emerging markets. However, owners of firms with less qualified or non-strict independent directors may not reap the benefits of board independence if such directors are appointed merely for the sake of satisfying quotas or stipulations for best practices. Thus, using data on Philippine publicly listed firms from 2012 to …

Financial Repression In China: Short-Term Growth But Long-Term Crisis, Guangdong Xu, Michael Faure

Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

State Ownership And Earnings Management In Highly-Valued Firms: Evidence From China, Leye Li, Gary S. Monroe, Jing Wang

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

We examine how state ownership affects Chinese firms’ earning management during a period of high valuation. Based on a sample of 19,107 firm-year observations with sufficient data on the China Securities Markets and Accounting Research (CSMAR) database over the period from 2003 to 2017, we find the magnitude of accruals management first increases for up to three years of high valuation, and then reduces after the fourth year. This finding is consistent with the view that the difficulty of consistently using accruals to manage earnings upwards increases over time because of the reversing nature of accruals. We find that managers …

The Determinants Of Bank Interest Rate Margins: A Panel Approach For Some Balkan Countries, Fidane Spahija Gjikolli

UBT International Conference

Studying interest rates has always been in focus of researches. Loans are the main source of funds for businesses and individuals, especially in the Balkan countries. The main problem is that high interest rate margins can indicate many factors, such as: The informal economy, problems with the cadaster system, an ineffective job of courts, the inability of Central Banks to inject liquidity, weaknesses in the quality of financial reporting of businesses, non-performing loans. It looks like all these problems are in favor of banks, by maximizing their profit. It is well known that the intermediary role of bank is to …

Community Public-Private Partnership Leadership Synergy In Tanzania, Hawa Yatera Mshana

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Although the public-private partnership (PPP) concept in health and social health has been politically accepted as the best pathway to improving health outcomes in many developing nations, implementation lacks leadership synergy. Lack of awareness and engagement of community leaders about PPP interventions and their benefits affect accountability and ownership of health and social care interventions. The purpose of this study was to better understand factors that could promote partnership leadership synergy to enhance ownership and accountability for community health and social welfare initiatives in Tanzania. A qualitative empirical case study design was used; diffusion of innovation and the public-private integrated …

Foreign Institutional Investment, Ownership And Liquidity: Real And Information Frictions, Mingfa Ding, Birger Nilsson, Sandy Suardi

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

The literature widely documents the negative liquidity impact of foreign participation in firms that permit high foreign institutional ownership. This paper employs a unique setting for the limited participation of qualified foreign institutional investors (QFII) in China’s A-share market and examines how this impacts on stock liquidity in emerging markets. Contrary to the findings in the literature, foreign investor participation helps enhance the liquidity of affected stocks by promoting trade activities and price discovery. The improvement in liquidity does not occur through the information friction channel, but rather the real friction channel. Our results are robust to endogeneity issue and …

Deposit Insurance And Bank Liquidity: Does Ownership Structure Matter?, Irwan Trinugroho, Muthmainah Muthmainah, Mochammad Doddy Ariefianto, Sutaryo Sutaryo

The Indonesian Capital Market Review

We examine how the level deposit insurance coverage affects bank liquidity. We also test the role of ownership in the relationship between deposit insurance coverage and bank liquidity. This study uses quarterly data of Indonesian banks from Q1:2002 - Q2:2008. We argue that the presence of explicit deposit insurance changes a bank‘s behavior in liquidity management in the form of decreasing asset liquidity. We find some evidence on the negative impact of deposit insurance coverage on bank liquidity. However, little is found on the role of ownership structure. The credibility of deposit insurance system and implicit guarantee are the main …

When Principals Conflict: Stakeholder Power, Executive Decision-Making, And The Manipulation Of Pension Assumptions, Adam Cobb

Management Papers

Whereas the dominant theoretical perspective in corporate governance research attends to the conflicting interests between shareholders and executives, in practice executives must frequently adjudicate between the demands of multiple principals with conflicting interests. To investigate how executives cope with these conflicts, I examine how much firms claim they will earn on the assets in their defined benefit (DB) pension plans. In a DB arrangement, participating employees forgo wages in the present in order to receive post-retirement income and they rely on executives to properly fund and manage plan assets for future payout. Executives, however, can act opportunistically by increasing the …

The Effect Of New Brand’S Entry On The Price Strategy Of Incumbent Retailers, Suhhyue Lee

Asia Marketing Journal

According to Resource Dependence theory, an organization’s behavior and strategy is affected by external resources. An organization has diverse resources interacting with environment. Because organization cannot focus on all those resources, it concentrates on its critical resources. In market environment, firm responds to other firms by controlling their internal critical resources or manages interdependency with environment to get market share. Thus Firm should choose best behavior and strategy when internal and external resources are change. When new brand enters, incumbents might change their strategy to protect their market share depending on critical value. More precisely, incumbents sharing market with entrant …

Work Made For Hire – Analyzing The Multifactor Balancing Test, Ryan G. Vacca

Law Faculty Scholarship

Authorship, and hence, initial ownership of copyrighted works is oftentimes controlled by the 1976 Copyright Act’s work made for hire doctrine. This doctrine states that works created by employees within the scope of their employment result in the employer owning the copyright. One key determination in this analysis is whether the hired party is an employee or independent contractor. In 1989, the U.S. Supreme Court, in CCNV v. Reid, answered the question of how employees are distinguished from independent contractors by setting forth a list of factors courts should consider. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court did not give further guidance on …

Disproportionate Ownership Structure And Ipo Long-Run Performance Of Non-Soes In China, Xiaoming Wang, Jerry Cao, Qigui Liu, Jinghua Tang, Gary Tian

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

This paper examines the relationship between ownership structures and IPO long-run performance of non-SOEs in China. Although non-SOEs underperform the market in general after IPO but the poor performance is mainly caused by the IPOs with ownership control wedge. Non-SOEs with one share one vote structure outperform those with control-ownership wedge by 30% for three years post-IPO performance in adjusted buy-and-hold returns. Non-SOEs with control-ownership wedge have higher frequency of undertaking value-destroying related party transactions. These findings suggest that non-SOEs need to improve corporate governance such as disproportionate ownership structure to better safeguard the interest of long-run shareholders.

Does Control-Ownership Divergence Impair Market Liquidity In An Emerging Market? Evidence From China, Xiaojun Chu, Qigui Liu, Gary Tian

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

This paper examines how institutional characteristics of emerging economies influence the effect of control-ownership divergence on market liquidity. We find that the divergence is negatively associated with liquidity and that this negative relationship is more pronounced in firms with more severe agency problems and information asymmetry. We argue that in an emerging market, the negative effect of the divergence on liquidity is worsened by state ownership and poorer shareholder protection, both of which result in more severe agency conflicts; we also find, however, that this effect is alleviated by the NTS reform, which aligns the interest of different shareholders.

Ownership Characteristics And Earnings Management In China, Fei Guo, Shiguang Ma

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

Chinese firms are characterized by multiple ownership and high ownership concentration. In this research, we conduct an intensive investigation into the determination of ownership characteristics in earnings management behaviors for Chinese domestic listed firms. Our results indicate that earnings management is determined by the motivations of different types of ownerships. In particular, when a state agency is the largest owner, firms are less likely to undertake earnings management, although the state ownership ratio is positively associated with earnings management. Tradable ownership and particularly concentrated tradable ownership reduce earnings management, while total ownership concentration fosters earnings management.

Bank Ownership And Efficiency In Post-Conflict Era Of Sri Lanka: Evidence From Aggregate Efficiency Technique, Bolanda Hewa Thilakaweera, Charles Harvie, Amir Arjomandi

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

Deviating from conventional methods in comparing the group performance of banks this study extends the established literature to compare efficiency between foreign and domestic banks, by employing comprehensive weighted aggregate efficiency measures derived through bootstrap simulations for the banking sector for the post - confli ct era of Sri Lanka. The study also compares the banking sector performance between initial and later parts of the post - conflict period, using weighted aggregate efficiency measures. At the end of the armed conflict between LTTE 1 and Sri Lankan government forces the banking sector experienced considerable expansion in terms of banking density …

Does Ownership Affect Bank Performance? An Analysis Of Vietnamese Banks In The Post - Wto Entry Period, Le Thanh Phuong, Charles Harvie, Amir Arjomandi

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

This study investigates the impact of financial reforms, bank characteristics, and time trends on the performance of the Vietnamese banking sector under the assumption that ownership can result in a divergence of technologies utilised by different bank groups (including state - owned, private, and foreign banks), and the fact that these groups may respond differently to the same environmental variables . By combining a meta - frontier analysis with double - bootstrap two - stage DEA the authors analyse the impact of en vironmental variables on bank efficiency across separate groups operating under different technologies. Accordingly, this paper, firstly, employs …

Work Made For Hire – Analyzing The Multifactor Balancing Test, Ryan G. Vacca

Ryan G. Vacca

Authorship, and hence, initial ownership of copyrighted works is oftentimes controlled by the 1976 Copyright Act’s work made for hire doctrine. This doctrine states that works created by employees within the scope of their employment result in the employer owning the copyright. One key determination in this analysis is whether the hired party is an employee or independent contractor. In 1989, the U.S. Supreme Court, in CCNV v. Reid, answered the question of how employees are distinguished from independent contractors by setting forth a list of factors courts should consider. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court did not give further guidance on …

Work Made For Hire – Analyzing The Multifactor Balancing Test, Ryan G. Vacca

Akron Law Faculty Publications

Authorship, and hence, initial ownership of copyrighted works is oftentimes controlled by the 1976 Copyright Act’s work made for hire doctrine. This doctrine states that works created by employees within the scope of their employment result in the employer owning the copyright. One key determination in this analysis is whether the hired party is an employee or independent contractor. In 1989, the U.S. Supreme Court, in CCNV v. Reid, answered the question of how employees are distinguished from independent contractors by setting forth a list of factors courts should consider. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court did not give further guidance on …

Industry Career Guide Ownership Dwellings And Real Estate, Ma. Concepcion G. Latoja, Denise Serrano

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies

This industry career guide on Ownership Dwelling and Real Estate (ODRE) aims to inform readers of the range of career options that are open to those who want to work in the industry. By presenting an array of occupations typically found in this field, the reader is informed of the basic requirements to land a specific job in this industry, the associated job environment and possibilities for job movement either in terms of promotion and/or moving laterally from one type of job to another within the industry. In the context of discussing job prospects, it lays out the issues surrounding …

Disproportionate Ownership Structure And Ipo Long-Run Performance Of Non-Soes In China, Xiaoming Wang, Jerry Cao, Qigui Liu, Jinghua Tang, Gary Tian

Gary Tian

This paper examines the relationship between ownership structures and IPO long-run performance of non-SOEs in China. Although non-SOEs underperform the market in general after IPO but the poor performance is mainly caused by the IPOs with ownership control wedge. Non-SOEs with one share one vote structure outperform those with control-ownership wedge by 30% for three years post-IPO performance in adjusted buy-and-hold returns. Non-SOEs with control-ownership wedge have higher frequency of undertaking value-destroying related party transactions. These findings suggest that non-SOEs need to improve corporate governance such as disproportionate ownership structure to better safeguard the interest of long-run shareholders.

Airport Performance And Ownership Structure: Evidence From The United Kingdom, United States, And Latin America, Bijan Vasigh, G. Rod Erfani, Brian W. Sherman

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This study investigates the operational and financial efficiency of airports in selected countries using a cross-regional analysis. A total factor productivity (TFP) approach is used to examine the operational and financial efficiencies of selected airports in the United States, the United Kingdom, and several Latin American countries. The empirical results indicate mixed implications and suggest that the privatized airports in the United Kingdom outperform the partially privatized, government-owned airports in Latin America; however, the evidence also suggests that the selected United States airports outperform the other two groups for each year of this investigation (2000– 2010). The ambivalence of these …