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Full-Text Articles in Business
World Cup 2014: Macromarketing Views From Croatia, Clifford J. Shultz
World Cup 2014: Macromarketing Views From Croatia, Clifford J. Shultz
Clifford J Shultz
309 World Cup 2014: Macromarketing Views from Croatia Bruno Grbac, University of Rijeka, Croatia Clifford Shultz, Loyola University Chicago, USA This extended abstract is an abriged version of a longer document articulating a study on the effects of the FIFA World Cup, an organizationally, financially, economically and politically demanding quadrennial sporting spectacle that affects billions of global citizens. This reality raises questions about the effects of the World Cup on the marketing system of the host country and the participating countries, as well as institutions and people in them. As a step toward sharing insights the authors analyzed secondary data …
Revisiting Marketing As Constructive Engagement: Linking Policies And Managerial Practices, Clifford J. Shultz
Revisiting Marketing As Constructive Engagement: Linking Policies And Managerial Practices, Clifford J. Shultz
Clifford J Shultz
Policies that initiate or support responsible micromarketing institutions and practices can be some of the most important catalysts to socioeconomic development and sustainable peace and prosperity, particularly in distressed or devastated political economies. Such polices and the accordant positive marketing forces might be considered a form of constructive engagement. The consideration of constructive engagement, including the idea that managerial marketing can be complementary to macromarketing, is gaining currency among some macromarketers, and is explored in this presentation. The author discusses some evolving successful cases from fieldwork in developing, devastated, transitioning and/or recovering economies.
War, Civil Unrest, Failed States, And Other Extreme Threats To Marketing Systems, Clifford J. Shultz, Samer Abdelnour
War, Civil Unrest, Failed States, And Other Extreme Threats To Marketing Systems, Clifford J. Shultz, Samer Abdelnour
Clifford J Shultz
Well-functioning markets and marketing systems are intended to enhance and to sustain the survivability and security of societies and the people who comprise them (e.g., Fisk 1967; Layton 2007; McMillen 2002; Shultz 2007; Wilkie and Moore 1999; World Bank 2014). For myriad reasons – natural or human-induced cataclysms and resource scarcity to list a few examples – marketing systems sometimes are disrupted or fracture (e.g., Shultz 1997; in press). This can have profound and often horrific effects on individuals, families, communities, countries, regions, and occasionally – at least twice in the form of two World Wars – global upheaval. The …
The Fifa World Cup: Analyses And Interpretations Of The World’S Biggest Sporting Spectacle, Clifford J. Shultz, Rodrigo Castilhos, Andres Alberto Barrios Fajardo, Bruno Grbac, Andreas Chatzidakis, Alexander Nill, Almir Peštek
The Fifa World Cup: Analyses And Interpretations Of The World’S Biggest Sporting Spectacle, Clifford J. Shultz, Rodrigo Castilhos, Andres Alberto Barrios Fajardo, Bruno Grbac, Andreas Chatzidakis, Alexander Nill, Almir Peštek
Clifford J Shultz
This special session assembles scholars from various countries with keen interests in the marketing and societal dynamics of the world’s most popular sporting spectacle, the FIFA World Cup. It builds on a stream of research in, for example, ethology (e.g., Morris 1981) economics (e.g., Kuper and Szymanski 2014) consumer behavior (e.g., Shultz 1998; Tavassoli, Shultz and Fitzimons 1995), marketing (e.g., Shultz et al. 2010) and macromarketing (Shultz and Burgess 2011) that explores the systemic complexities of this enormous, global extravaganza and the extent to which it benefits and/or harms myriad players, fans, local and global consumers, companies, governments, societies and …
Marketing An End To War: Constructive Engagement, Community Wellbeing, And Sustainable Peace, Clifford J. Shultz
Marketing An End To War: Constructive Engagement, Community Wellbeing, And Sustainable Peace, Clifford J. Shultz
Clifford J Shultz
Markets and marketing are integral to human welfare and survival. When used however for the purposes of war and other systemically violent conflict, they can be devastating and pose an existential threat to humanity. Drawing on experience in war-ravaged and recovering economies, the author examines a stream of research on marketing systems disrupted or destroyed by war. Some underlying conditions and predictors of war and its peaceful resolution are introduced, including social traps and their mitigation or elimination. An argument is revisited for marketing as a form of constructive engagement, which must be implemented to affect and to develop equitable …
Devastation And Rebirth: A Longitudinal Study Of Bosnia’S Arizona Market, With Implications For Markets, Marketing And Society, Ruzica Brecic, Clifford J. Shultz, Katherine Sredl, Natasa Renko
Devastation And Rebirth: A Longitudinal Study Of Bosnia’S Arizona Market, With Implications For Markets, Marketing And Society, Ruzica Brecic, Clifford J. Shultz, Katherine Sredl, Natasa Renko
Clifford J Shultz
In this presentation, we share findings from a longitudinal study—twenty years and counting—on the role of Arizona in the war and the peace in this highly contested region of Bosnia. Data were/are collected via site observations and retrospective interviews to explore the emergence of entrepreneurship in Brčko, Bosnia before, during and after the war. A synthesis and assessment of findings led to the exploration of the ways that the terms of Dayton and the implementation of Dayton by NATO IFOR, Task Force Eagle, 1st Armored Division (November and December 1995) and 1st Infantry Division (1996-2004), US Army, contributed to the …
Marketing An End To War: Constructive Engagement, Community Wellbeing, And Sustainable Peace, Clifford J. Shultz
Marketing An End To War: Constructive Engagement, Community Wellbeing, And Sustainable Peace, Clifford J. Shultz
Clifford J Shultz
Markets and marketing are integral to human welfare and survival. When used however for the purposes of war and other systemically violent conflict, they can be devastating and pose an existential threat to humanity. Drawing on experience in war-ravaged and recovering economies, the author examines a stream of research on marketing systems disrupted or destroyed by war. Some underlying conditions and predictors of war and its peaceful resolution are introduced, including social traps and their mitigation or elimination. An argument is revisited for marketing as a form of constructive engagement, which must be implemented to affect and to develop equitable …
Machiavellianism And Sales Performance, Clifford J. Shultz
Machiavellianism And Sales Performance, Clifford J. Shultz
Clifford J Shultz
The relationship between Machiavellianism and sales performance is emotionally charged. Few comments evoke more passionate responses from sales professionals and scholars of personal selling and sales management than the mere hint that selling might be Machiavellian. Yet while frequently debated, the topic is generally misunderstood. This article is intended to clarify the misunderstanding surrounding this relationship by explaining the concept of Machiavellianism, and by examining empirical data on Machiavellianism and sales performance. Recent findings suggest the success or failure of Machiavellian tactics used during personal selling appears to be related to the organisational structure of the firm for which sales …
The Paradoxical Relationship Between Marketing And Vulnerability, Clifford J. Shultz, Morris B. Holbrook
The Paradoxical Relationship Between Marketing And Vulnerability, Clifford J. Shultz, Morris B. Holbrook
Clifford J Shultz
Marketing both reduces and contributes to consumer vulnerability. In this essay, the authors explore this paradoxical relationship. Complexities and nuances captured in existing definitions are revisited. The authors then share a more expansive perspective; they offer a new typology with hopes of drawing attention to multifaceted and conflicting challenges so as to stimulate fresh thinking. Several points are raised so that policy makers and marketers might be inspired to invoke systemic solutions that increase the security and well-being of consumers who are subject to various vulnerabilities.