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Virtual Games Meet Physical Playground: Exploring And Measuring Motivations For Live Esports Event Attendance, Haozhou Pu

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

The spectacular rise of esports and its live events have drawn increasing interests from sport and leisure studies. Little information, however, is known on motives behind spectators’ attendance of esports events. Based on a mixed-method design consisting of data collected in cross-cultural settings, we developed and validated an eight-factor measurement scale related to the motives of attending live esports events. In this study, we contend that esports event creates a space where virtual and physical experience are mutually constituted. While motives found in traditional sports and event research are present in the current study, motives unique to esports events are …

Examining The Youth Multi-Sport Event Environment: Implications Towards Athlete Development And Transitioning., Eric Macintosh, Keita Kinoshita, Michael L. Naraine, Shintaro Sato

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

Many factors are associated with a person’s attitude formation and intention towards a behavior. In this study, we examined organizational factors that helped form young athletes attitudes regarding their future plans in high performance sport. Through a mixed method survey design, data was collected from 207 young pre-elite athletes who competed during the 2017 Commonwealth Youth Games in Bahamas. Several organizationally controlled aspects of the games environment were found to contribute to young athlete’s satisfaction with the event including their accommodations, available information regarding their sport and finally, the social and cultural activities during games-time. However, satisfaction with the games …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 81, No. 28 [32], Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Articles in this issue:

• Paul, Corey. Western Students Enjoy Performance at Ag Center - Rodeo
• Harrell, Bobby. Diversity Sees 50^th Year on Hill
• Caudle, Leah. Taxis Confused with Free Rides
• Coulter, Amber. Smaller Increase Expected – Budget
• Pell Grants are Vital
• Wallace, Robert. Campus Rudeness is Not Welcome
• Walker, Carli. Campus Should Carry Non-Dairy Products
• North, Amber. Valentine’s Day Should Be Great Day for Everyone
• Coulter, Amber. Discrimination Case Delayed – Ingrid Woods
• Brandenburg, Katie. Student Organizations Discuss Diversity – Diversity Council
• Brandenburg, Katie. Student Government Association May …

Ua19/2 Hoop Happenings On The Hill, Vol. I, Issue Iii, Wku Basketball

WKU Archives Records

Newsletter published by the WKU Basketball office to promote the team and game attendance.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 81, No. 21, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Articles in this issue:

• Coulter, Amber. Money Missing from Faculty Insurance Fund
• Coulter, Amber. Parking Initiative to Begin
• Brandenburg, Katie. Four People Receive Positive Results in TB Skin Tests – Tuberculosis
• Teague, Hawkins. ‘Simpsons’ Star Nancy Cartwright Keeps Audience Laughing
• McNamara, Andrew. Bomb Threat Causes Evacuation – Mass Media & Technology Hall (WKU)
• Equilibrium Point – Enrollment
• Ashby, Robert. A Man’s Perspective – Girls Gone Wild
• Dillon, Ryan. Girls Gone Stupid
• Salsman, Andrew. Rest Room Usage 101
• Richardson, Kelly. Gary Ransdell Appointed to Equine Education Board
• Caudle, Leah. Exhibit …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 81, No. 19, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Articles in this issue:

• Coulter, Amber. College Heights Boulevard Redesign Planned
• Fontana, Alex. Indiana, Kentucky Students Cope with Twisters - Tornadoes
• Coulter, Amber. Source of Wellness Funds Debated
• Wimnatt, Alex. Leadership Group Sees Growth – Dynamic Leadership Insitute
• Leslie, Joey. Kevin DeFebbo Hired as City Manager
• Terrible Tuberculosis
• Benetti, Vincent. Smokers Unite; Let Us Create Our Own Paradise
• Barati, Darius. Let’s Look at the Oil Companies
• Richardson, Kelly. Technical College Temporarily Closed – Bowling Green Technical College
• Erd, Mackenzie. Government to Survey View of City Life
• Shull, Abbey. Choral …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 81, No. 15, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Articles in this issue:

• Coulter, Amber. University Senate Vote Asks Western to Defend Benefits
• Richardson, Kelly. Tuitions Outpace Inflation
• Hupman, Samantha. Mobile Unit Provides Low-cost Health Care – Mobile Health & Wellness Unit
• Teague, Hawkins. Porn Addiction Ruined Life, Speaker Says
• Coulter, Amber. Parking Citation Board Hears Formal Appeals
• Caudle, Leah. Fair to Help Study Abroad
• Parking Predicament
• Barati, Darius. Harriet Miers is Not the Right Person for the Supreme Court
• Lawalin, Nick. Green Lights 101: Some People Need Traffic Education
• Coulter, Amber. Dialogue Day Fosters Familiarity
• Hupman, Samantha. …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 53, No. 6, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Articles in this issue:

• Four-race Primary Slated for Thursday
• Johnston, Scott. Associated Student Government Free U Continues, but with Fewer Courses
• Elam, Jerry. Academic Council Eligibility Proposed
• Black Officers’ Election Set – United Black Students
• Fairness Should Govern Women’s Housing Policy
• Goetter, R.C. Defends Philadelphia
• Edwards, Thomas. Says Writer Uneducated
• Greenweel, Pat. Criticizes Leo Peckenpaugh
• Mashall, Judy. Criticizes Leo Peckenpaugh
• ‘Smart and Classic’ Describe Year’s Fall Fashions
• Cardigan Sweaters Will Wrap up Fall Sprtswear
• Wrap, Sweater, Shirtdresses Styles for Fall
• Neck Scarves Add Pizzazz as Most Important Accessory
• Coats …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Ix, No. 6, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Lines & Spaces
• Long and Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Personals
• Society
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Band Concert Witnessed by Many Visitors
• Ernest Miller Sought as Banquet Speaker
• Former Student Has Established Religious Record – John Price
• Museum Relics On Display at Group Meeting
• Sims, John. The Greatest Gift
• Interesting Collection of Books Presented Museum
• 11^th College Press Conference Closes at Murray College
• Our Distinguished Alumni – Woodfin Hutson
• Annual Xmas Voice …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Ix, No. 5, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Lines & Spaces
• Long and Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Personals
• Society
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Hill is Host to Rural Life Conference
• Talisman Staff is Named; Work on Book Begins
• Letter Received from Miss Dorothy Logan Enroute to Brazil
• Monroe & Barren Lead in Educational Progress
• Organizations is Completed at New Club Here – Foreign Relations Club
• Our Distinguished Alumni – J.W. Snyder
• November 16 is Named as Annual Founder’s Day
• Judge …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Ix, No. 4, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Lines & Spaces
• Long and Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Personals
• Society
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Hilltopper Are Near Conference Crown
• Hundreds Flock to Heights for Reunion Event
• Tables are Added to Equipment of Periodical Room
• Our Distinguished Alumni – Dr. Paul Chandler
• International Relations Club Sees Inception
• Sacred Concert Wins Approval of Many Present
• Logan, Ralph. Wendell Johnson’s Passing Has Often Led to Victory
• Eastern Game is Canceled; U. of L. Contest …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Ix, No. 3, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Lines & Spaces
• Long and Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Personals
• Society
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Everything is Set for Homeocming
• ‘Toppers Defeat Murray Thorobreds 6-0
• Music Dept. to Present Sacred Concert Nov. 13
• Date of KIPA Changed to Dec. 2-3
• Local Teachers Away at State Classical Meet
• Our Distinguished Alumni – L.C. Curry
• Training School Lads Killed in Motor Accident – Raymond Runner & Brooks Holcombe
• Seniors Present Play in Chapel
• Donor …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Ix, No. 2, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Lines & Spaces
• Long and Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Personals
• Society
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Several Hundred Teachers Meet Here
• College News of Murray is KIPA Host
• Dr. L.Y. Lancaster Receives Honor
• Sales Contest Announced by Business Mgr.
• Murray Head is Heard here – Rainey Wells
• Bird Society Has Two-Day Meeting at Madisonville
• Tyler, Sara. Romance & History Both Surround Gift to Museum
• County Group Heads Convene
• Our Distinguished Alumni – Dr. …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Viii, No. 16, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• The Stumbling Block by Charlene Nunn
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Annual Camp at Mammoth Cave is Made
• Ninety-Eight Receive Bachelor’s Degree Here
• Alumni Group Holds Annual Business Meet
• Grise, Finley. Graduate School History Reviewed by Dean Grise
• College High Graduates 32 Seniors Here
• Riflemen are Recipients of Three Awards
• Kelly Thompson & Hays Wiggins Given Ogden …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Viii, No. 15, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Oriental Odds & Ends by Raymond Hornback
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Over One Hundred Are to Participate in June Commencement Exercises
• Summer Term to Open Here on June Sixth
• County Presidents are Entertained by Dr. & Mrs. Cherry
• Clean-Up Day Held on Hill
• Camp Party Reaches 39 in Number – Mammoth Cave National Park
• Dr. Henry …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Viii, No. 14, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Oriental Odds & Ends by Raymond Hornback
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• William McAdoo Heard in Speech on Agriculture
• Annual Camping Trip is Planned – Mammoth Cave National Park
• Eleven Games Scheduled for 1932 Gridders
• Mother’s Day Brings Large Crowd to Hill
• Lorado Taft to Deliver Commencement Address
• New Pool to be Opened in Coming Week
• Robinson, …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald Vol. Viii, No. 13, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Oriental Odds & Ends by Raymond Hornback
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Directors Name Candidates for Head of Alumni
• Dr. & Mrs. Henry Cherry Entertain Students
• Mother’s Day Program is to be Presented on May 6
• H.M. Jameson Dies at Macon
• Orchestra & Glee Club Give Radio Program
• Art Students Addressed by Miss Sobotka
• Sophomores Give Annual …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald Vol. Viii, No. 12, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Oriental Odds & Ends by Raymond Hornback
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Art Students Organize Club
• Sophomores to Produce Annual Play
• Ogden College Founder’s Day is Celebrated
• J.R. Whitmer Completes Series of Lectures Here
• Intra-Mural Games End in Triple Tie
• KEA Plans Complete for Annual Meet
• Pennyroyal Geographers Meet Here
• ’32 Talisman is to Include New Features …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald Vol. Viii, No. 11, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Oriental Odds & Ends by Raymond Hornback
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• ROTC Rifle Team Wins Fifth Corps Area Title
• Champion Hilltoppers
• Henry Cherry Elected Officer of National Association
• County Group Heads Launch New Program
• Annual to be Published at Earlier Date
• Sophomores to Produce Annual Play – The Whole Town’s Talking
• KEA Plans for Western Completed …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald Vol. Viii, No. 10, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Oriental Odds & Ends by Raymond Hornback
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• ‘Toppers Emerge Champions
• Western Plans for KEA Are Complete now
• Physical Education, Music Program Presented on Hill
• Senior Class Presents Its Annual Play – The Meanest Man in the World
• Washington Program is Given Here
• Kiwanians to Give Program
• Peabody Founders Day is Observed by …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald Vol. Viii, No. 9, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Oriental Odds & Ends by Raymond Hornback
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Boston Editor Speaks Before Local Groups - Albert Winship
• Annual Senior Dramatic Production to be Given – The Meanest Man in the World
• Ogden Graduate Heads Chinese Air Forces Defending Shanghai – Chang Hui Chang
• Mr. R.C. Woodward Returns to Hill
• ’32 Talisman is to …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald Vol. Viii, No. 8, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Oriental Odds & Ends by Raymond Hornback
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Registration Surpassses Expectations
• Murray Quint is Victorious in Game Here
• Geology Text Has Cave View – Mammoth Cave National park
• Seniors Are to Present “The Meanest Man in the World”
• Kentucky Building Library Shows Remarkable Growth
• Joe Howard Elected President of Senior Class
• Plans for …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald Vol. Viii, No. 7, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Impressions by O’ Laugh
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Hilltoppers Win Initial SIAA Game of Season
• Inter-Class League for Basketball Organized on Hill
• Sheppard Walker Elected Editor of Talisman
• Dr. L.Y. Lancaster in Florida During Recent Holidays
• Junior Class Presents “Stepmother Hysteria” at College Chapel
• Dr. Charles Pendleton of Peabody, Speaks to English Club
• Wisconsin Gives H.L. …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Viii, No. 6, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Impressions by O’ Laugh
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• 100 Delegates of SIAA in Meeting Here
• Dramatic Club Ready to Give Comedy-Drama – Dust of the Earth
• College Press Delegates in Meeting Here
• Finley Grise Attends Convention of School Heads
• Capt. Orlie Lawrence Leads Toppers
• Concert Given by Glee Club & Orchestra
• National Group Admits Herald as …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Viii, No. 5, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Impressions by O’ Laugh
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• SIAA Has Convention Here
• College Press Delegates to Convene Here
• Georgetown Tigers Meet Defeat in Thanksgiving Tilt with Hilltoppers
• Dramatic Club is to Present Comedy-Drama – Dust of the Earth
• Eight Hilltoppers to Graduate
• Glee Club to Give Christmas Vespers
• L.T. Smith Attends Industrial Arts Meet in Illinois …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Viii, No. 4, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Impressions by O’ Laugh
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Foundation Secretary Asks Payments – Kentucky Building
• Annual Meet of Classical Group Closed
• Silver Anniversary Brings Many to College Heights
• First Student of Institution in Visit Here – H.L. Donovan
• SIAA Meets Here in December
• Alumni Group of Covington Has Luncheon
• Breakfast for Alumni Brings Large Groups
• Geography …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Viii, No. 3, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• Home Economics Notes
• Impressions by O’ Laugh
• Letters from Susie
• Lines & Spaces
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Western Greets Homecomers
• Alumni Meets Arranged for All Graduates
• Formal Reception for Students Given
• Alumni Group in Meeting at Paducah Hotel
• Latin Teachers of State Meet Here Nov. 13-14
• Former Students, Your Invitation
• Educators of County Meet
• Dr. John Vander Meulen is to Speak Here …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Viii, No. 2, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• High Spots of Chapel
• Home Economics Notes
• Impressions by O’ Laugh
• Letters from Susie
• Music Notes
• Personals
• Society
• The Long & the Short of It by Pete & Repeat
• Training School Notes

This issue contains articles:

• Robert La Follette to Address Homecomers
• Educators of Third District in Meet Here
• Hilltopper Varsity & Frosh Both Meet Teams Tomorrow Afternoon
• Bird Society of State Has Meeting Here
• Several New Additions to Museum Made
• Industrial Arts Dept. Installs New Equipment
• George …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Viii, No. 1, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Class News
• Club News
• Editorials
• High Spots of Chapel
• Music Department Notes by Margaret Miller
• Personals
• Society

This issue contains articles:

• Western to Celebrate 25^th Anniversary
• Four Building Projects Being Finished – Kentucky Building, President’s Home, Swimming Pool & Farm Pavilion
• Craig, W.J. Brief Review of Senior Classes Made by Craig
• Well Over 600 Freshmen Are Enrolled Here
• Capt. Dick Martin Leads Hilltoppers
• Educators of Third District to Meet Here
• Reports Larger Enrollment Here
• College Adds 12 to Faculty for Semester
• Breakfast …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. Vii, No. 10, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Regular features include:

• Alumni News
• Athletics
• Bottle Column by Ink
• Class News
• Club News
• County Notes
• Editorials
• High Spots of Chapel
• Personals
• Society

This issue contains articles:

• Western Gives 34 Diplomas to Graduates
• Colonel Thomas Rothwell to Visit Europe
• 1931 Football Card Complete
• Two Dramas of Shakespeare to be Acted Here
• State Division Red Cross in Meeting Here
• Lecturers on Public Affairs Brought Here
• R.P. Green Gets New Appointment
• Barren County Alumni Group Has Luncheon
• Construction Under Way on New Projects – Swimming Pool, Kentucky Building, President’s Home
• W.J. …