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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in Business
Local Institutional Investors And Corporate Monitoring: Evidence From Cross-Listed Korean Stocks In The Us Market, Changhwan Choi, Chune Young Chung, Jun Myung Song
Local Institutional Investors And Corporate Monitoring: Evidence From Cross-Listed Korean Stocks In The Us Market, Changhwan Choi, Chune Young Chung, Jun Myung Song
Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics
Using Korean firms that are cross-listed in the US market, this paper investigates whether there are standalone effects of geographic and market proximity of institutional investors on monitoring performance. We find that Korean institutional ownership is negatively associated with earnings management while the US institutional ownership has no impact on earnings management. This suggests that there is the geographic proximity advantage over the market proximity advantage in the emerging markets. Furthermore, we also show that the impact of geographic proximity is stronger for firms with high informational opacity
Conflict Or Alignment? The Role Of Return-Oriented Foreign Shareholders And Domestic Relational Shareholders In Mitigating Earnings Management, Toru Yoshikawa, Ignacio P. Requejo, Asli Colpan, Daisuke Uchida
Conflict Or Alignment? The Role Of Return-Oriented Foreign Shareholders And Domestic Relational Shareholders In Mitigating Earnings Management, Toru Yoshikawa, Ignacio P. Requejo, Asli Colpan, Daisuke Uchida
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This study investigates the effects of foreign return-oriented shareholders and domestic relational shareholders of Japanese companies on the earnings management behavior of their invested firms when stock option pay is adopted. We theorize that foreign shareholders seek short-term returns and do not engage in close monitoring due to an information disadvantage while domestic shareholders prevent managerial behavior that distorts information disclosure. Our findings show that managers of firms that use stock option pay engage in earnings management to increase their private financial benefits and meet capital markets’ expectations, which allows them to enhance their own reputation. However, this managerial behavior …
Audit Adjustments And The Discontinuity In Earnings Distribution Around Zero, Chu Yeong Lim, Themin Suwardy, Tracey Chunqi Zhang
Audit Adjustments And The Discontinuity In Earnings Distribution Around Zero, Chu Yeong Lim, Themin Suwardy, Tracey Chunqi Zhang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Accounting researchers have documented that a discontinuity exists in earnings distribution around zero. However, there is considerable debate among researchers whether the earnings discontinuity around zero is caused by earnings management. We aim to shed light on the earnings discontinuity debate by examining the impact of audit adjustments on the distribution of earnings using a unique dataset from Singapore containing both recorded and waived adjustments. We find that audit adjustments do not reduce the discontinuity of earnings distribution around zero. This affirms that the results of Lennox et. al (2016) based on pre-tax earnings also apply to post-tax earnings and …
Gdp Growth Incentives And Earnings Management: Evidence From China, Xia Chen, Qiang Cheng, Ying Hao, Qiang Liu
Gdp Growth Incentives And Earnings Management: Evidence From China, Xia Chen, Qiang Cheng, Ying Hao, Qiang Liu
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Using data from China, we examine whether and how the incentive to boost GDP growth at the government level affects earnings management at the firm level. We find that firms in provinces with GDP growth lower than the national level or the average of the adjacent provinces are more likely to engage in earnings management than firms in other provinces. Specifically, they are more likely to inflate revenues, overproduce, and delay asset impairment losses. The aggregate earnings management induced by GDP growth incentives accounts for about 0.5% of GDP. The results are stronger for local state-owned enterprises, in provinces with …
Does R&D Expenditure Volatility Affect Stock Return?, Erwei Xiang, Dominic Gasbarro, Grant Cullen, Wenjuan Ruan
Does R&D Expenditure Volatility Affect Stock Return?, Erwei Xiang, Dominic Gasbarro, Grant Cullen, Wenjuan Ruan
Research outputs 2014 to 2021
The relation between the volatility of R&D expenditure and stock return may be influenced by disruptive adjustment costs, emerge from earnings management, or reflect the actions of managers attempting to control the overinvestment of technocrats. Using 5,178 publicly listed US firms from 1980 to 2018, we find a negative relation between R&D volatility and return, which is moderated by firm size. We conclude that investors react negatively to the disruptive effect of changes to R&D expenditure, except for small firms. In small firms, the benefit of the governance mechanism of varying R&D expenditure to control overinvestment outweighs the cost of …
The Effects Of International Financial Reporting Standards On Financial Reporting Quality, Wafaa Salah, Abdallah Ahmed Abdelsalam
The Effects Of International Financial Reporting Standards On Financial Reporting Quality, Wafaa Salah, Abdallah Ahmed Abdelsalam
Business Administration
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the financial reporting under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has more quality than local GAAP for firms listed on Taiwan stock exchange. Financial Reporting Quality is measured in this study by three attributes of earnings introduced in previous literature, namely: 1) earnings management expressed as managing towards positive earnings and earnings smoothing and, 2) timely loss recognition expressed as the asymmetric incorporation of economic gains and losses and large negative net income, and 3) value relevance. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Regression analysis, Z-test, and Binary Logistic Regression are employed to investigate …
Acquired In-Process Research Development And Earnings Management, Daniel Gyung Paik, Junyoup Lee, Eun Suh Lee, Kevin H. Kim
Acquired In-Process Research Development And Earnings Management, Daniel Gyung Paik, Junyoup Lee, Eun Suh Lee, Kevin H. Kim
Accounting Faculty Publications
New accounting standards, namely SFAS 141 and 142, were adopted in 2001. The release of these two regulations offers a unique opportunity to explore how managers have changed their earnings manipulation behavior by using IPR&D costs. In this study, we examine whether and how the amount of IPR&D at the acquisition deals is associated with discretionary accruals, which serve as a proxy for earnings management. We use a sample of firms reporting acquired IPR&D over the period of 1993 to 2007 with a matched group based on size and industry. Our results provide evidence that managers strategically use the IPR&D …
Additional Evidence On The Impact Of The International Financial Reporting Standards On Earnings Quality: Evidence From Latin America, Mauricio Melgarejo
Additional Evidence On The Impact Of The International Financial Reporting Standards On Earnings Quality: Evidence From Latin America, Mauricio Melgarejo
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has an impact on the quality of earnings in Latin America. Studying a sample offirms from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru, I find that management reports a lower level of discretionary accruals after the implementation of the IFRS. In addition, this study provides evidence that earnings are more persistent and stock prices are more associated with earning numbers after the application of IFRS. This paper provides evidence that earnings quality has increased after the adoption of IFRS in Latin America.
Blockholder Characteristics And Earnings Quality, Aslihan G. Korkmaz, Qingzhong Ma, Haigang Zhou
Blockholder Characteristics And Earnings Quality, Aslihan G. Korkmaz, Qingzhong Ma, Haigang Zhou
Business Faculty Publications
This study focuses on the impact of blockholder characteristics on earnings quality. Most of the studies in
literature make the implicit assumption that blockholders are a homogeneous group. This study is one of
few studies that acknowledges the heterogeneity of blockholders and attempts to understand the
unexplained proportion of blockholder heterogeneity. Earnings quality is calculated using the modified
Dechow and Dichev (2002) model with fixed effects (FDD model) by Lee and Masulis (2009), and it is
regressed on various blockholder characteristics. The results show that earnings quality is lower for
firms with market-driven and multilateral blockholders.
Languages And Earnings Management, Jaehyeon Kim, Yongtae Kim, Jian Zhou
Languages And Earnings Management, Jaehyeon Kim, Yongtae Kim, Jian Zhou
Accounting
We predict that managers of firms in countries where languages do not require speakers to grammatically mark future events perceive future consequences of earnings management to be more imminent, and therefore they are less likely to engage in earnings management. Using data from 38 countries, we find that accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management are less prevalent where there is weaker time disassociation in the language. Our study is the first to examine the relation between the grammatical structure of languages and financial reporting characteristics, and it extends the literature on the effect of informal institutions on corporate actions.
Marital Status And Earnings Management, Gilles Hillary, Sterling Huang, Yanping Xu
Marital Status And Earnings Management, Gilles Hillary, Sterling Huang, Yanping Xu
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
In this note, we examine the effect of CEO marital status on the riskiness of financial reporting. Using multiple proxies, we find that firms headed by a single CEO display a higher degree of earnings management than those headed by a married CEO. The effect is economically significant. Our results persist in an instrumental variable regression, suggesting that our results are not driven by innate heterogeneity in preferences.
Impact Of Assurance Level And Tax Status On The Tendency Of Relatively Small Manufacturers To Manage Production And Earnings, Benjamin P. Foster, John M. Mueller, Trimbak Shastri
Impact Of Assurance Level And Tax Status On The Tendency Of Relatively Small Manufacturers To Manage Production And Earnings, Benjamin P. Foster, John M. Mueller, Trimbak Shastri
Faculty Scholarship
The number and importance of private companies in the United States indicates that reliable quality of financial accounting reports (QFAR) of private companies that are useful for decision making is likely to be important for economic growth. Most previous research examining QFAR addressed earnings management among publicly-traded companies. This study extends prior literature by examining whether abnormal production of public and private companies is impacted by (i) assurance type (PCAOB-audit, GAAS-audit, and SSARS-Review), (ii) tax status (separately taxed versus pass-through entity) of private companies, and (iii) relative size. An audit of financial statements provides a high degree of assurance, whereas …
The Association Of Real Earnings Management With: Enterprise Resource Planning Systems, Audit Effort, And Future Financial Performance, Angel Arturo Pacheco Paredes
The Association Of Real Earnings Management With: Enterprise Resource Planning Systems, Audit Effort, And Future Financial Performance, Angel Arturo Pacheco Paredes
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Emerging research on real earnings management [REM] has expressed the concern that firms deviating from normal business practices may endure a negative impact on future cash flows and performance. This dissertation (in three essays) investigates the phenomenon of real earnings management in its association with: 1) enterprise resource planning systems [ERPs]; 2) audit report lags [ARLs]; and 3) future firm performance. In the first investigation I hypothesize that the increased monitoring associated with the implementation of an ERP will result in a decline in REM. In the second investigation I hypothesize that higher levels of REM will evoke greater auditor …
Ceo Overconfidence And Management Forecasting, Paul Hribar, Holly I. Yang
Ceo Overconfidence And Management Forecasting, Paul Hribar, Holly I. Yang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
This paper examines how overconfidence affects the properties of management forecasts. Using both the ‘over‐optimism’ and ‘miscalibration’ effects of overconfidence to generate our predictions, we examine three research questions. First, we examine whether overconfidence increases the likelihood of issuing a forecast. Second, we examine whether overconfidence increases the amount of optimism in management forecasts. Third, we examine whether overconfidence increases the specificity and precision of the forecast. We use both options‐ and press‐based measures to proxy for individual overconfidence, and find support for all three research questions. We further find that the results are concentrated among firms that provide forecasts …
Does Increased Board Independence Reduce Earnings Management? Evidence From Recent Regulatory Reforms, Qiang Cheng, Xia Chen, Xin Wang
Does Increased Board Independence Reduce Earnings Management? Evidence From Recent Regulatory Reforms, Qiang Cheng, Xia Chen, Xin Wang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
In this paper, we examine whether recent regulatory reforms requiring majority board independence are effective in reducing earnings management. Firms that did not have a majority of independent directors prior to the reforms (referred to as non-compliance firms) are required to increase their board independence. We find that overall, compared to the other firms, noncompliance firms do not experience a significant decrease in the extent of earnings management from prior to the reforms to afterwards. However, we find that non-compliance firms with low information acquisition cost experience a significant reduction in earnings management compared with the other firms. The results …
Does Increased Board Independence Reduce Earnings Management? Evidence From The Recent Regulatory Reform, Xia Chen, Qiang Cheng, Xin Wang
Does Increased Board Independence Reduce Earnings Management? Evidence From The Recent Regulatory Reform, Xia Chen, Qiang Cheng, Xin Wang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We examine whether recent regulatory reforms requiring majority board independence reduce the extent of earnings management. Firms that did not have a majority of independent directors before the reforms (referred to as noncompliant firms) are required to increase their board independence. We find that, while noncompliant firms on average do not experience a significant decrease in earnings management after the reforms compared to other firms, noncompliant firms with low information acquisition cost experience a significant reduction in earnings management. The results are similar when we examine audit committee independence and when we use alternative proxies for information acquisition cost and …
The Influence Of External Auditors, Capital Markets, And Main Banks On Earnings Manipulations: Evidence From Japan, Kazuhiko Kobori, Robert Hutchinson
The Influence Of External Auditors, Capital Markets, And Main Banks On Earnings Manipulations: Evidence From Japan, Kazuhiko Kobori, Robert Hutchinson
College of Business Publications
The present study investigates the influence of main industrial banks, capital markets, and international audit firms on earnings manipulations in Japan using a sample of firms listed on Japanese stock exchanges. A modified Jones model is used to measure earnings management using discretionary accruals as proxy, and the findings suggest that the main industrial banks continue to play a primary role in Japan’s system of corporate governance. However, global capital markets and international accounting standards may be slowly eroding this influence. This may have significant implications for international investors and policy makers as Japan continues through a protracted economic recession.
Ceo Equity Incentives And Audit Fees, Yongtae Kim, Haidan Li, Siqi Li
Ceo Equity Incentives And Audit Fees, Yongtae Kim, Haidan Li, Siqi Li
Accounting
This study examines whether CEO equity incentives have an impact on audit pricing. Prior studies investigate whether CEO equity incentives motivate executives to manage earnings for personal financial gains. Our focus is on whether auditors perceive CEO equity incentives to be associated with greater earnings manipulation risk and incorporate such risk in their pricing decisions. We find that CEO equity portfolio vega is positively related to audit fees after controlling for other determinants of audit fees, while equity portfolio delta is not significantly related to audit fees. This result holds after we account for potential endogeneity. The evidence suggests that …
Earnings Management Constraints: An Examination Of The Tradeoff Between Accruals-Based Earnings Management And Classification Shifting, John Abernathy, Brooke Beyer, Eric Rapley
Earnings Management Constraints: An Examination Of The Tradeoff Between Accruals-Based Earnings Management And Classification Shifting, John Abernathy, Brooke Beyer, Eric Rapley
Faculty and Research Publications
Prior literature has investigated three forms of earnings management: real earnings management (REM), accruals earnings management (AEM) and classification shifting. Managers make trade-off decisions among these methods based on the costs, constraints and timing of each strategy. This study investigates whether managers use classification shifting when their ability to use other forms of earnings management is constrained. We find that when REM is constrained by poor financial condition, high levels of institutional ownership and low industry market share, managers are more likely to use classification shifting. Further, we find that when AEM is constrained by low accounting system flexibility and …
Voluntary Audit Committee Characteristics, Incentives, And Aggressive Earnings Management: Evidence From New Zealand, V. D. Sharma, Chunli Kuang
Voluntary Audit Committee Characteristics, Incentives, And Aggressive Earnings Management: Evidence From New Zealand, V. D. Sharma, Chunli Kuang
Faculty and Research Publications
This study provides initial evidence on the association between voluntary audit committee characteristics, incentives and aggressive earnings management in New Zealand. Our results suggest audit committees comprising independent (non-executive) directors reduce (increase) the likelihood of aggressive earnings management. Financial expertise is associated with a lower likelihood of aggressive earnings management but only when the expertise is held by independent directors. Greater stock ownership by non-executive and executive directors serving on the audit committee increases the risk of aggressive earnings management. However, stock ownership by independent directors reduces this risk. Our results show that independent directors serving on other boards are …
Environmental Initiatives And Earnings Management, B. Litt, D. S. Sharma, V. D. Sharma
Environmental Initiatives And Earnings Management, B. Litt, D. S. Sharma, V. D. Sharma
Faculty and Research Publications
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide initial evidence on the association between environmental initiatives and earnings management. Prior literature documents firms participating in environmental initiatives to report relatively stronger financial performance. Moreover, firms with superior performance have been shown to engage in greater levels of earnings management. A natural question that arises is to what extent do firms with environmental initiatives engage in earnings management to report better financial performance? Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on two theoretical frameworks, external monitoring and internal corporate culture, to predict an inverse association between environmental initiatives and earnings management. …
Do Managers Use Meeting Analyst Forecasts To Signal Private Information? Evidence From Patent Citations, Katherine Gunny, Tracey Chunqi Zhang
Do Managers Use Meeting Analyst Forecasts To Signal Private Information? Evidence From Patent Citations, Katherine Gunny, Tracey Chunqi Zhang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
This study examines whether firms manage earnings to meet analyst forecasts to signal superior future performance. Prior research finds that firms use earnings management to just meet analyst forecasts and that these firms have a positive association with future performance (Bartov et al., 2002). There are two potential explanations for the positive association – signaling and attaining benefits that allow for better future performance (i.e., the real benefits explanation). Prior studies cannot provide evidence of signaling because they do not control for the real benefits explanation. Our research design enables us to control for the real benefits explanation because we …
Auditor Industry Specialization, Board Governance, And Earnings Management, Jerry Sun, Guoping Liu
Auditor Industry Specialization, Board Governance, And Earnings Management, Jerry Sun, Guoping Liu
Odette School of Business Publications
No abstract provided.
Analyst Vs. Market Forecasts Of Earnings Management To Avoid Small Losses, Michael Eames, Yongtae Kim
Analyst Vs. Market Forecasts Of Earnings Management To Avoid Small Losses, Michael Eames, Yongtae Kim
Accounting
Burgstahler and Eames (2003) present evidence that analysts commonly anticipate earnings management to avoid small losses, but often incorrectly predict its occurrence. Here we consider whether the market's behavior mimics that of analysts. Our results suggest that analysts exhibit more forecast optimism in their zero earnings forecasts than in their other small earnings forecast levels, and markets exhibit less relative optimism at this point. At the 271-360 day forecast horizon, we find a reduction in the earnings response coefficient at analysts' zero earnings forecasts and interpret this as reflecting less optimism in market earnings forecasts than in analyst forecasts when …
Earnings Management Among Firms During The Pre-Sec Era: A Benford's Law Analysis, Jeffrey Archambault, Marie E. Archambault
Earnings Management Among Firms During The Pre-Sec Era: A Benford's Law Analysis, Jeffrey Archambault, Marie E. Archambault
Accounting Faculty Research
This paper examines the existence of financial statement manipulation in the U.S. during a time period when many of the current motivations did not exist. The study looks for types of manipulations that would be motivated by the pre-SEC operating environment. To examine this issue, a sample of U.S. firms from the 1915 Moody's Analyses of Investments is divided into industrial firms, railroads, and utilities. The railroad and utility companies faced rate regulatiori during this time period, providing incentives to manipulate the financial reports so as to maximize the rate received. Industrial firms were not regulated. These companies wanted to …
Effects Of National Culture On Earnings Quality Of Banks, Chee Yeow Lim, Kanagaretnam Kiridaran, Gerald J. Lobo
Effects Of National Culture On Earnings Quality Of Banks, Chee Yeow Lim, Kanagaretnam Kiridaran, Gerald J. Lobo
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We examine the relation between four dimensions of national culture and earnings quality of banks using a sample of banks from 39 countries. Our main analysis, which focuses on the pre-financial crisis period 1993–2006, indicates that banks in high individualism, high masculinity, and low uncertainty avoidance societies manage earnings to just-meet-or-beat the prior year's earnings. In tests of income smoothing through loan loss provisions, we find that banks in high individualism, high power distance, and low uncertainty avoidance societies report smoother earnings. Our exploratory analysis of the effects of national culture on accounting outcomes during the financial crisis period 2007–2008 …
Executive Equity Compensation And Earnings Management: A Quantile Regression Approach, Chih-Ying Chen, Ming-Yuan Li
Executive Equity Compensation And Earnings Management: A Quantile Regression Approach, Chih-Ying Chen, Ming-Yuan Li
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Prior research has investigated the association between executive equity compensation and earnings management but the evidence is not conclusive. We investigate this question using the quantile regression approach which allows the coefficient on the independent variable (equity compensation) to shift across the distribution of the dependent variable (earnings management). Based on a sample of 18,203 U.S. non-financial firm-year observations from 1995 to 2008, we find that chief executive officer (CEO) equity compensation is positively associated with the absolute value of discretionary accruals at all quantiles of absolute discretionary accruals, but the association becomes weaker as the quantile decreases. The association …
The Evaluation Of The Implementation Of Fair Value Accounting: Impact On Financial Reporting, Karen Cascini, Alan Delfavero
The Evaluation Of The Implementation Of Fair Value Accounting: Impact On Financial Reporting, Karen Cascini, Alan Delfavero
WCBT Faculty Publications
The accounting industry is in a state of continuous change. In the United States, the historical cost principle has traditionally been the foundation of accounting. Until recently, assets and liabilities have been required to be recorded at their acquisition prices, with the exception of designated financial assets and financial liabilities. However, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has now created accounting standards that are distant from the cost principle. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157: Fair Value Measurements, issued in September 2006 (FAS157, now codified as ASC 820) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159: The Fair Value …
Do Abnormally High Audit Fees Impair Audit Quality?, Jong-Hag Choi, Jeong-Bon Kim, Yoonseok Zang
Do Abnormally High Audit Fees Impair Audit Quality?, Jong-Hag Choi, Jeong-Bon Kim, Yoonseok Zang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
This study examines whether and how audit quality proxied by the magnitude of absolute discretionary accruals is associated with abnormal audit fees, that is, the difference between actual audit fee and the expected, normal level of audit fee. The results of various regressions reveal that the association between the two is asymmetric, depending on the sign of the abnormal audit fee. For observations with negative abnormal audit fees, there is no significant association between audit quality and abnormal audit fee. In contrast, abnormal audit fees are negatively associated with audit quality for observations with positive abnormal audit fees. Our findings …
Auditor Reputation And Earnings Management: International Evidence From The Banking Industry, Kanagaretnam Kiridaran, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo
Auditor Reputation And Earnings Management: International Evidence From The Banking Industry, Kanagaretnam Kiridaran, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We examine the relation between auditor reputation and earnings management in banks using a sample of banks from 29 countries. In particular, we examine the implications of two aspects of auditor reputation, auditor type and auditor industry specialization, for earnings management in banks. We find that both auditor type and auditor industry specialization moderate benchmark-beating (loss-avoidance and just-meeting-or-beating prior year’s earnings) behavior in banks. In addition, we find that once auditor type and auditor industry specialization are included in the same tests, only auditor industry specialization has a significant impact on constraining benchmark-beating behavior. In separate tests related to income-increasing …