Business Commons^™

Integrating Technology And Traditional Systems In Regional Revitalisation; Insights From Japanese Practices, Fathelalem Ali Hija, Yasuki Shima, Yuji Arakaki

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

This study examines the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions and advanced technology practices and their coexistence with conventional systems and initiatives that have been operating in different regions of Japan to address some of the socio-economic challenges. The methodological approach of the study includes three facets, namely government initiatives, technology involvement and local society actors. The study examines government visions and initiatives that emphasize the use of advanced technology as a key factor and tool to enable solutions and realize the target vision. The ageing population and economic stagnation are common challenges in different regions of Japan. …

Molybdenum Versus Tungsten Based Polyoxometalates For Highly Effective Methylene Blue Removal, Roula Abi Saad, Ghassan Younes, Mohammad H. El- Dakdouki, Rami Al-Oweini

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

[SiW₁₂O₄₀]^4-(SiW₁₂) and [Mo₈O₂₆]^4- (Mo₈) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The prepared polyoxometalates were studied as potential adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. Various operational parameters—contact time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature— were meticulously assessed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry to study its impact on the adsorption efficacy. An inverse relationship was observed between the percentage dye removal and the initial dye concentration, highlighting the complexes' superior adsorption capabilities under lower dye loads. The …

Optimization Of The Bio-Synthesis Of Magnesium Nanoparticles From Staphylococcus Haemolyticus: A Pilot Study, Mariam Bassam, Malak Mezher, Mahmoud Khalil

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Nanotechnology is developing rapidly. This field has many influences in humans’ life. Nanoparticles (NPs) have many unique properties including the size, shape, morphology, and surface area. The synthesis of NPs could be achieved by three ways: physical, chemical, and biological. However, the biological synthesis of NPs has a priority on the other domains due to its safety and environmental friendship. In this regard, the main objective of this study was to synthesize magnesium (Mg) NPs from the bacterium S. haemolyticus which was isolated from the Lebanese wastewater. Different parameters were applied to detect the best conditions to produce the highest …

Volar V-Y Advancement Flaps In Reconstructing Fingertip Injuries, Sawsan Abiad

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Fingertip injuries with exposed bones and joints require immediate or early closure for the preservation of function and avoidance of complications. The ideal procedure should maintain the length of the finger and cover the defect with non-tender, well-padded skin with normal sensation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the different types of volar V-Y advancement flaps in reconstructing and resurfacing injuries of the fingertips at different levels and angles. Thirty patients (N=30) sustaining fingertip injuries of variable etiology and lost components, type III & IV according to Allen’s classification were divided into two groups (n=15) …

Investigating Factors Affecting Customer Repeated Purchasing Intention In Online Shopping: The Mediating Role Of Satisfaction, Maram Darkhabani

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This research examines the relationship between website quality, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and repeated online purchasing intention in Lebanon. A quantitative approach was used, and data from 385 online shoppers were collected through an online survey. The results indicate that website quality significantly predicts customer perceived value, satisfaction, and repeated online purchasing intention. Customer perceived value also predicts satisfaction and purchase intention, while satisfaction predicts repeated online purchasing intention. These findings highlight the importance of website quality in shaping customer perceptions, satisfaction, and repeated online purchasing behavior.

The research suggests that improving website quality, offering high-quality services, personalized experiences, …

The Impact Of Trust And Rewards On Online Purchasing Intention: The Mediating Role Of Attitudes, Jessica Farhat Tannoury

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This study explores the relationship between trust, rewards, attitudes, and online purchasing intention, with attitudes serving as the mediator variable in the Lebanese context. Using a sample of 400 respondents, a structural equation model (SEM) was employed to test the hypotheses. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between trust and attitudes, as well as between rewards and attitudes. Additionally, attitudes were found to mediate the relationship between both trust and rewards on online purchasing intention. These findings highlight the importance of building trust and offering rewards to enhance consumers' attitudes towards online shopping, which ultimately leads to higher …

Impact Of Perceived Organizational Support, Employee Empowerment, And Organizational Commitment On Turnover Intention In The Lebanese Smes Sector: The Mediating Role Of Employee Engagement, Istivani Hilal

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This study investigates the impact of perceived organizational support (POS), employee empowerment (EE), and organizational commitment (OC) on turnover intention (TI) in the Lebanese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) sector. The study also examines the mediating role of employee engagement (EEG) in this relationship. A sample of 390 employees from SMEs in Lebanon was surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that POS, EE, and OC are negatively related to TI in the Lebanese SMEs sector. Moreover, EEG mediates the relationship between POS, EE, and OC and TI. Specifically, the …

Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Of Palladium Parallelepiped Nanoparticles, Salem Marhaba, Nourhan El Kawni

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of palladium parallelepiped nanoparticle have been investigated using Finite Element Method (FEM) in the frame of COMSOL Multiphysics Software. Spectral characteristics (magnitude, peak position and width) of LSPR of a single Pd nanoparticle having the shape of a parallelepiped are investigated in two different cases. The first case studied the size effect on LSPR by fixing the height with varying both length and width. However, the second case studied the shape effect on the LSPR by rounding the corners of the parallelepiped for different radii while fixing its dimensions. The extinction cross-section spectra of these …

The Mediating Effect Of Ease Of Doing Business On The Relationship Between Public Debt And Infrastructure In Arab Countries, Hoda Alaeddine

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

This study examines how the ease of doing business in Arab countries mediates the relationship between public debt and infrastructure. According to previous research, one way to encourage the start-up of new infrastructure projects that boost economic growth and reduce debt build-up is to improve the business environment. The results showed that the relationship between public debt and infrastructure is fully mediated by the ease of doing business, using panel data for 19 Arab countries from 2000 to 2020. Based on the general least squares method, infrastructure was statistically negatively affected by public debt. By reducing the harmful effects of …

The Relationship Between Knowledge Economy And Environmental Pollution: Evidence From Arab Countries, Soulieka Alaeddine

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

Air pollution is among the most convincing environmental threats in the Arab region. The knowledge economy has the potential to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) by promoting sustainable development and encouraging the creation and implementation of clean technology products that are more efficient and less environmentally harmful. The knowledge-pollution relationship and the validity of the EKC hypothesis were examined in this paper during the period 2000–2020 for a sample of 11 Arab countries, namely: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, and Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia, using the extended environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework. The autoregressive distributed …

The Influence Of Environmental Tax And Technology On Different Air Pollution Emissions In Oecd Countries, Malak Ali Assaf

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

Although countries continuously employ taxation and technological measures to control air pollution in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the results of these practices should be evaluated to determine whether they reach their intended outcomes. This study used panel autoregressive distributed lag model to establish how environmental taxes and technology affects the emission of air pollutants (nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide, and particulate matter 2.5). Using secondary data present in the OECD Database and The World Bank, EViews panel was derived to create 3 model in which each of the three variables would be sufficiently explained by environmental tax, abatement …

Evidence On The Impact Of Corruption On Economic Growth: A Systematic Literature Review, Nour Mohamad Fayad

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

The relationship between corruption and economic growth is complex and has been extensively studied. Till recent days it is still one of the most genuine political challenges that all countries face. Even though anti-corruption measures have improved, they still lack consistency and clarity. Accordingly, this paper reviews the extant literature on this issue, by examining 66 research papers on the impact of corruption on economic growth. The study was aided by analysis of the theme Corruption and economic growth identified in the present literature. Impact of Corruption on economic growth has been tested in multiple studies utilizing time series, panel, …

Discussing Different Images Of Pharmaceutical Company, Roula Afif Bou Assi, Ola Bazaza

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

Every organization is a complex, non-linear, and dynamic system. Gareth Morgan discussed eight different metaphors where they can be useful devices to create mental images to clarify and interpret our organizations. These eight metaphors are: machine, organism, brain, culture, political, flux and transformation, psychic prisons and instruments of domination. This combination of metaphors helps us understand our organization, analyze the structure, the leadership style (NAGY, December 2014). In this paper I will discuss the different metaphors of a pharmaceutical company (X). It is a growing pharmaceutical company, where reading and analyzing the different metaphors will definitely help them to prepare …

Knowledge And Misconceptions Among Lebanese Community On Immunizations, Hala Ahmadieh, Tala Safa, Ihab Nahle, Yahya Obeid, Dalal Hariri, Etaf Rawass, Tala Kanaan, Ahmad Sabalbal

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Two centuries ago, immunization practices have become the greatest land mark in medical history as they significantly contributed to a decline in several major infectious diseases worldwide thus decreasing both the mortality and morbidity. Moreover, they have been able to eradicate small pox and eliminate poliomyelitis in most regions of the world. However, in recent years the general opinion towards vaccination began shifting due to the emergence of certain opposing views to it, questioning the vaccine's safety and efficacy. This study aims to shed light on the vaccination status in Lebanon by assessing the knowledge, attitude, awareness, and misconceptions among …

Validation Of The Arabic Version Of The Food Safety And Hygiene Questionnaire Among Nutrition Student, Nada El Darra, Dina Cheaib, Leila Itani

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

There is shortage of data on food safety knowledge and practices among Lebanese food handlers due to the lack of a reliable tool. The aim of the current study is to determine the reliability as well as the validity of an adopted Arabic version of the Osaili et al (2013) food safety questionnaire. Translation and back translation and testing equivalence were done using standard accepted procedures. A total of 110 undergraduate Nutrition and Dietetics students completed the questionnaire consisting of five subscales that covers major food safety concepts including personal hygiene, safe storage, cross contamination prevention, knowledge of health problems …

Literature Review On Training And Development In Work Setting, Abdul Rahman Beydoun, Rima F. Saleh

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This study reviews the existing literature in training and development, which considered as essential practices in Human Resource Management (HRM); moreover, they constitute a necessary investment and a significant component of the organizations’ budgets. Training and development help organizations to accomplish competitive advantage, they are a must to go along with innovation and global issues, and most importantly, they work constantly as the organization is performing. This literature review focuses on the current knowledge about the determining factor and the importance of training and development in HR management in specific and in organizations in general. Furthermore, this paper aims to …

Risk Tolerance, Time Horizon, And Estate Intentions: Just How Important Are “Circumstances And Associated Emotions”?, Abdul Rahman Beydoun, Karen Paul

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This study tests the importance of socio-demographic and psychological variables for investor intentions, including risk tolerance, time horizon, and estate intentions. Overall, hope is the psychological variable most consistently related to the dependent variables of risk tolerance, time horizon, and estate intentions. Age, household income, investment experience, and work experience pale in comparison with the psychological variables of hope and openness to new experience, both of which are positively associated with the dependent variables. Pro-social attitudes are also important as a moderating variable. The most interesting findings are that women with higher levels of education have higher levels of risk …

The Determinants Of E-Commerce Audit Process Effectiveness: Does Audit Technology Matter?, Jalal M. Kibrit, Rasha M. Nouraldeen Assistant Prof., Wagdi Hegazy Prof.

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This paper examines the impact of audit planning, audit strategy, and audit documentation on the effectiveness of the audit process of e-commerce companies, along with the moderating role of audit technology on these associations. Data was collected through a questionnaire filled by 106 auditors who are members of the Lebanese Association of Certified Public Accountants. Results showed that audit planning and audit documentation have a positive significant impact on the effectiveness of the audit process, while audit strategy has no impact. The outcome also confirmed the association between audit technology tools and the effectiveness of the audit process. Moreover, the …

Nurses’ Emotional Intelligence, Behavior And The Mediating Role Of Job Stress In Lebanon, Suzan S. Al Kadi, Abdul Rahman Beydoun, Alaaeldine A. Ali

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of emotional intelligence, namely self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and management’s relationship on the nurse’s behavior within the Lebanese context. It specifically examines the indirect effect of the nurses’ EI and its sub skills on behavior, exit, voice, loyalty, neglect, through the mediating role of job stress. A total sample of subjects consisted of 365 registered nurses actively working in the Lebanese hospitals during the COVID 19 period. Mediation was tested using Baron and Kenny (1986)’s framework. The findings demonstrate that the EI elements (Self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and management’s relationship) …

Offshore Companies Audit Process Effectiveness: Evidence From Lebanese Auditing Profession, Jalal Kibrit, Rasha Nouraldeen Assistant Prof., Wagdi Hegazy Prof.

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This research aims to examine whether audit planning, audit strategy, and audit documentation have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the audit process. It also aims to explore the impact of audit technology on the audit process for offshore companies in Lebanon. This study adds to and contributes to the literature that has examined the separate impacts of each of the above variables on the effectiveness of the audit process. The sample size of this study is 106 certified public accountants who are members of the Lebanese Association of Certified Public Accountants (LACPA). Empirical data was collected using a …

Factors Influencing Political Participation In Lebanon: The Mediating Role Of Perceived Congruence, Mahmoud A. El Homssi, Alaaeldin A. Ali, Amal Kurdi

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

Abstract

This study analyzes the factors that influence political participation. These factors include: political information efficacy, political interest, community engagement, political party affiliation and perceived congruence. Moreover, this study addresses the mediating role of perceived congruence on the relationship between political interest, community engagement and political participation. A quantitative survey method was used and structured questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 412 respondents. The findings of this study revealed that political interest, community engagement, and political party affiliation have a positive effect on political participation. In addition, the results indicated that perceived congruence has no direct or mediate …

Shaping Millennials’ Attitudes Towards Luxury Brands In International Cities: The Case Of Abu Dhabi, Zeina Mazloum

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This study aims to investigate the impact of two intrinsic motives (perceived self-identity and perceived self- status) and two other extrinsic motives (celebrities and social media presence) on millennials' attitudes towards luxury brands; ultimately reflecting on their buying intention. Illustrated through a conceptual framework model, results reveal that intrinsic motives strongly influence millennials' attitudes while extrinsic motives slightly influence their attitudes towards luxury brands; both resulting in molding millennials' buying intention correspondingly.