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Full-Text Articles in Business

Understanding How Timing Of Alliance Formation Affects New-Venture Survival: The Dynamics Of Temporal Congruence And Contingency, David Gomulya Dec 2011

Understanding How Timing Of Alliance Formation Affects New-Venture Survival: The Dynamics Of Temporal Congruence And Contingency, David Gomulya

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

New-venture survival has greatly interested many scholars. While alliances have been shown to increase survival, the literature remains silent regarding the effect of timing of alliance formations. Related literatures regarding timing of other types of actions have also been unable to theoretically explain their conflicting empirical findings, which suggest that the effect of timing can range from positive to negative. To fill critical theoretical gaps, I develop a novel model based on temporal changes during the pre- and post-formation phases of an alliance. I show the effect can indeed range from positive to negative. I delineate further boundary condition.


Don't Blame Me: The Effects Of Ceo Power, Board Affiliation, And Sarbanes-Oxley On Ceo Turnover Following Financial Misrepresentation, David Gomulya Dec 2011

Don't Blame Me: The Effects Of Ceo Power, Board Affiliation, And Sarbanes-Oxley On Ceo Turnover Following Financial Misrepresentation, David Gomulya

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

I examine the conditions under which CEOs are terminated as an outcome of firm financial restatements. I find that chief executive‘s power acts to limit terminations,especially in cases of more severe restatements, while board members most closely affiliated with the CEO appear to avoid the stigma of financial restatements by deflecting blame to the CEO, increasing terminations. I also examine the effectiveness of regulatory remedies such as Sarbanes-Oxley, aimed at strongly penalizing CEOs for financial misrepresentation. Sarbanes-Oxley significantly alters the relationship between CEOs and their board. My context is restating U.S. public firms before (1995-1998) and after Sarbanes-Oxley (2003-2006).


Dealing With The Threats Inherent In Unproctored Internet Testing Of Cognitive Ability: Results From A Large-Scale Operational Test Program, Filip Lievens, Eugene Burke Dec 2011

Dealing With The Threats Inherent In Unproctored Internet Testing Of Cognitive Ability: Results From A Large-Scale Operational Test Program, Filip Lievens, Eugene Burke

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

There is little information available about operational systems of unproctored Internet testing (UIT) of cognitive ability and how they deal with the threats inherent in UIT. This descriptive study provides a much-needed empirical examination of a large-scale operational UIT system of cognitive ability that implemented test design and verification testing for increasing test security and honest responding. Test security evaluations showed item exposure and test overlap rates were acceptable. Aberrant score evaluations revealed that negative score change (higher unproctored scores than proctored ones) was negligible. Implications for UIT research are discussed.


Examining The Chinese Approach To Crisis Management: Cover-Ups, Saving Face, And Taking The “Upper Level Line”, Lan Ye, Augustine Pang Oct 2011

Examining The Chinese Approach To Crisis Management: Cover-Ups, Saving Face, And Taking The “Upper Level Line”, Lan Ye, Augustine Pang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In 2008, the Sanlu Group, a former giant in the Chinese dairy industry and a quintessential Chinese organization, was confronted with the melamine-contaminated milk crisis. Its products were blamed for causing at least six babies' deaths and damaging the kidneys of about 294,000 babies. Sanlu was criticized for its crisis handling, which resulted in its collapse several months later. Using the contingency theory of strategic conflict management and Coombs' typology of crisis communication strategies, this study explored Sanlu's crisis management as a mirror to understanding the Chinese approach to crisis management. Findings showed that influenced by political, social, and cultural …


Perceiving Freedom Givers: Effects Of Granting Decision Latitude On Personality And Leadership Perceptions, Roy Y. J. Chua, Sheena S. Iyengar Oct 2011

Perceiving Freedom Givers: Effects Of Granting Decision Latitude On Personality And Leadership Perceptions, Roy Y. J. Chua, Sheena S. Iyengar

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

A perennial question facing managers is how much decision latitude to give their employees at work. The current research investigates how decision latitude affects employees'' perceptions of managers'' personalities and, in turn, their leadership effectiveness. Results from three studies using different methods (two experiments and a survey) indicate an inverted-U shaped relationship between degree of decision latitude and leadership effectiveness perceptions. The increase in leadership effectiveness perception between low and moderate decision latitude was explained by an increase in perceived agreeableness; the decrease in leadership effectiveness perception between moderate and high decision latitude was explained by a decrease in perceived …


Effects Of Cultural Ethnicity, Firm Size, And Firm Age On Senior Executives’ Trust In Their Overseas Business Partners: Evidence From China, Crystal X. Jiang, Roy Y. J. Chua, Masaaki Kotabe, Janet Y. Murray Sep 2011

Effects Of Cultural Ethnicity, Firm Size, And Firm Age On Senior Executives’ Trust In Their Overseas Business Partners: Evidence From China, Crystal X. Jiang, Roy Y. J. Chua, Masaaki Kotabe, Janet Y. Murray

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We investigate trust relationships between senior business executives and their overseas partners. Drawing on the similarity-attraction paradigm, social categorization theory, and the distinction between cognition- and affect-based trust, we argue that executives trust their overseas partners differently, depending on the partners’ cultural ethnicity. In a field survey of 108 Chinese senior executives, we found that these executives have higher affect-based trust in overseas partners of the same cultural ethnicity as themselves; cognition-based trust is associated with affect-based trust differently when overseas partners are of the same or different cultural ethnicity. We also examine the role of relative firm size and …


Designing Pareto-Optimal Selection Systems: Formalizing The Decisions Required For Selection System Development, Wilfried De Corte, Paul R. Sackett, Filip Lievens Sep 2011

Designing Pareto-Optimal Selection Systems: Formalizing The Decisions Required For Selection System Development, Wilfried De Corte, Paul R. Sackett, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The article presents an analytic method for designing Pareto-optimal selection systems where the applicants belong to a mixture of candidate populations. The method is useful in both applied and research settings. In an applied context, the present method is the first to assist the selection practitioner when deciding on 6 major selection design issues: (1) the predictor subset, (2) the selection rule, (3) the selection staging, (4) the predictor sequencing, (5) the predictor weighting, and (6) the stage retention decision issue. From a research perspective, the method offers a unique opportunity for studying the impact and relative importance of different …


The Validity And Incremental Validity Of Knowledge Tests, Low-Fidelity Simulations, And High-Fidelity Simulations For Predicting Job Performance In Advanced-Level High-Stakes Selection, Filip Lievens, Fiona Patterson Sep 2011

The Validity And Incremental Validity Of Knowledge Tests, Low-Fidelity Simulations, And High-Fidelity Simulations For Predicting Job Performance In Advanced-Level High-Stakes Selection, Filip Lievens, Fiona Patterson

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In high-stakes selection among candidates with considerable domain-specific knowledge and experience, investigations of whether high-fidelity simulations (assessment centers; ACs) have incremental validity over low-fidelity simulations (situational judgment tests; SJTs) are lacking. Therefore, this article integrates research on the validity of knowledge tests, low-fidelity simulations, and high-fidelity simulations in advanced-level high-stakes settings. A model and hypotheses of how these 3 predictors work in combination to predict job performance were developed. In a sample of 196 applicants, all 3 predictors were significantly related to job performance. Both the SJT and the AC had incremental validity over the knowledge test. Moreover, the AC …


Seeing The "Forest" Or The "Trees" Of Organizational Justice: Effects Of Temporal Perspective On Employee Concerns About Unfair Treatment At Work, Irina Cojuharenco, David Patient, Michael R. Bashshur Sep 2011

Seeing The "Forest" Or The "Trees" Of Organizational Justice: Effects Of Temporal Perspective On Employee Concerns About Unfair Treatment At Work, Irina Cojuharenco, David Patient, Michael R. Bashshur

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

What events do employees recall or anticipate when they think of past or future unfair treatment at work? We propose that an employee’s temporal perspective can change the salience of different types of injustice through its effect on cognitions about employment. Study 1 used a survey in which employee temporal focus was measured as an individual difference. Whereas greater levels of future focus related positively to concerns about distributive injustice, greater levels of present focus related positively to concerns about interactional injustice. In Study 2, an experimental design focused employee attention on timeframes that differed in temporal orientation and temporal …


Regret Aversion In Reason-Based Choice, Terry Connolly, Jochen Reb Jul 2011

Regret Aversion In Reason-Based Choice, Terry Connolly, Jochen Reb

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This research examines the moderating role of regret aversion in reason-based choice. Earlier research has shown that regret aversion and reason-based choice effects are linked through a common emphasis on decision justification, and that a simple manipulation of regret salience can eliminate the decoy effect, a well-known reason-based choice effect. We show here that the effect of regret salience varies in theory-relevant ways from one reason-based choice effect to another. For effects such as the select/reject and decoy effect, both of which were independently judged to be unreasonable bases for deciding, regret salience eliminated the effect. For the most-important attribute …


Situational Judgment Tests As A New Tool For Dental Student Selection, Tine Buyse, Filip Lievens Jun 2011

Situational Judgment Tests As A New Tool For Dental Student Selection, Tine Buyse, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Cognitive tests are used to select students into dental school, yet cognitive predictors explain only part of the variance in academic performance. Therefore, interviews and personality tests are often used to measure noncognitive (e.g., interpersonal) characteristics. Recently, situational judgment tests (SJTs) have drawn attention since there is evidence that SJTs can be valid predictors in medical admission contexts. This study examines the validity of an SJT measuring interpersonal skills for predicting academic performance of dental students. Incremental validity over cognitive tests is also examined. In this study, 796 dental students who passed the admission exam for medical and dental students …


Relation-Specific Creative Performance In Voluntary Collaborations: A Micro-Foundation For Competitive Advantage?, Terence Ping Ching Fan, Duncan Robertson Jun 2011

Relation-Specific Creative Performance In Voluntary Collaborations: A Micro-Foundation For Competitive Advantage?, Terence Ping Ching Fan, Duncan Robertson

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

A fundamental question in the strategy literature is how sustainable competitive advantage can be generated within one firm and yet difficult to copy by another. We offer one solution to this conundrum by way of relation-specific performance that is developed in creative projects – where the individuals involved have significant latitude on the intended objectives as well as their collaborators on these projects. Because higher-level cognition is involved in navigating such projects from conception to implementation, there is heightened relation-specificity in their performance – as measured by how widely they are adopted by third-party users. This relationspecificity means that any …


Embeddedness And New Idea Discussion In Professional Networks: The Mediating Role Of Affect-Based Trust, Roy Y. J. Chua, Michael W. Morris, Paul Ingram Jun 2011

Embeddedness And New Idea Discussion In Professional Networks: The Mediating Role Of Affect-Based Trust, Roy Y. J. Chua, Michael W. Morris, Paul Ingram

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This article examines how managers' tendency to discuss new ideas with others in their professional networks depends on the density of shared ties surrounding a given relationship. Consistent with prior research which found that embeddedness enhances information flow, an egocentric network survey of mid-level executives shows that managers tend to discuss new ideas with those who are densely embedded in their professional networks. More specifically, embeddedness increases the likelihood to discuss new ideas by engendering affect-based trust, as opposed to cognition-based trust. Implications for network and creativity research are discussed.


A Macro Perspective To Micro Issues, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Stephane Brutus Jun 2011

A Macro Perspective To Micro Issues, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Stephane Brutus

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Comments on an article by Elaine D. Pulakos and Ryan S. O'Leary. The authors argue that bringing the focus on the relationship between the manager and the employee will mend performance management. We concur with the broad assessment that an excessive focus on technical improvements in performance management systems is misplaced and that implementation issues plague performance management. But we believe that poor implementation is an operational challenge not because of the practice itself but rather on account of misalignment. They also allude to a consideration of alignment. They also glosses over the issue of internal alignment or the fact …


The Use Of Role-Player Prompts In Assessment Center Exercises, Eveline Schollaert, Filip Lievens Jun 2011

The Use Of Role-Player Prompts In Assessment Center Exercises, Eveline Schollaert, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

So far, a substantial amount of assessment center (AC) studies have aimed to improve the quality of the AC method by focusing on the assessors. However, systematic studies about the role-player in AC exercises are nonexistent. This is surprising as the role-player might serve as a key figure for consistently evoking job-relevant behavior across candidates. Therefore, this study focused on the 'role' of role-players in ACs. We examined the effects of instructing role-players to use prompts among 233 candidates. Results suggest that role-players are able to use prompts and that their negative impact on candidates' reactions is negligible. In addition, …


A Different Look At Why Selection Procedures Work: The Role Of Candidates' Ability To Identify Criteria, Martin Kleinmann, Pia V. Ingold, Filip Lievens, Anne Jansen, Klaus G Melchers, Cornelius J. Konig May 2011

A Different Look At Why Selection Procedures Work: The Role Of Candidates' Ability To Identify Criteria, Martin Kleinmann, Pia V. Ingold, Filip Lievens, Anne Jansen, Klaus G Melchers, Cornelius J. Konig

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Personnel selection procedures such as assessment centers, structured interviews, and personality inventories are useful predictors of candidates' job performance. In addition to existing explanations for their criterion-related validity, we suggest that candidates' ability to identify the criteria used to evaluate their performance during a selection procedure contributes to the criterion-related validity of these procedures. Conceptually, the ability to identify criteria can be framed in the broader literature on peoples' ability to read situational cues. We draw on both theory and empirical research to outline the potential this ability has to account for selection results and job performance outcomes. Finally, implications …


Competitive Groups As Cognitive Communities: The Case Of Scottish Knitwear Manufacturers Revisited, Joseph F. Porac, Howard Thomas, Charles Baden-Fuller May 2011

Competitive Groups As Cognitive Communities: The Case Of Scottish Knitwear Manufacturers Revisited, Joseph F. Porac, Howard Thomas, Charles Baden-Fuller

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In this paper we reflect on the contribution of our 1989 article ‘Competitive Groups as Cognitive Communities: The Case of Scottish Knitwear Manufacturers’. We begin by recalling our backgrounds and motivations as collaborators on the project, and then discuss recent developments in the Scottish Borders knitwear industry. Noting that the industry has suffered continual decline in the twenty years since we published our paper, we suggest that the case still raises issues that remain open questions in the field despite the significant efforts by management researchers in recent years to understand the sources of industrial decline and revitalization. We outline …


Engaging Knowledge Management Learners Through Web-Based Ict: An Empirical Study, Thomas Menkhoff, Tze Yian Thang, Yue Wah Chay, Yue Kee Wong May 2011

Engaging Knowledge Management Learners Through Web-Based Ict: An Empirical Study, Thomas Menkhoff, Tze Yian Thang, Yue Wah Chay, Yue Kee Wong

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The purpose of this paper is to examine how to successfully blend an e-learning module into a knowledge management (KM) course aimed at getting KM students interested in the respective subject matter (=KM) in a web-based learning environment. Based on data obtained from 138 undergraduate business management students at a university in Singapore, practical aspects of effectively implementing an e-learning system with a focus on KM are analyzed and the importance determined of three conceptual variables in the context of successful blended learning approaches: online faculty to student interaction, social presence and personal e-learning experiences. The study shows some positive …


Getting Due Diligence Right, Michael Benoliel Apr 2011

Getting Due Diligence Right, Michael Benoliel

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Associate Professor Michael Benoliel, author of the newly published Negotiation Excellence - Successful Deal Making , wrote that effective due diligence is one of the most important tasks in negotiation and there are a few traps that deal makers must avoid.


Regret And Justification As A Link From Argumentation To Consequentialism, Terry Connolly, Jochen Matthias Reb Apr 2011

Regret And Justification As A Link From Argumentation To Consequentialism, Terry Connolly, Jochen Matthias Reb

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Mercier and Sperber (M&S) argue that reasoning has evolved primarily as an adjunct to persuasive communication rather than as a basis for consequential choice. Recent research on decision-related regret suggests that regret aversion and concomitant needs for justification may underpin a complementary mechanism that can, if appropriately deployed, convert M&S's facile arguer into an effective decision maker, with obvious evolutionary advantages.


Touching A Teddy Bear Mitigates The Negative Effects Of Social Exclusion, Kenneth Tai, Xue Zheng, Jayanth Narayanan Apr 2011

Touching A Teddy Bear Mitigates The Negative Effects Of Social Exclusion, Kenneth Tai, Xue Zheng, Jayanth Narayanan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

There is little empirical research to date that looks at how the deleterious effects of social exclusion can be mitigated. We examined how touching an inanimate object—a teddy bear—might impact the effect of social exclusion on prosocial behavior. Across two studies, we found that socially excluded individuals who touched a teddy bear acted more prosocially as compared to socially excluded individuals who just viewed the teddy bear from a distance. This effect was only observed for socially excluded participants and not for socially included (or control) participants. Overall, the findings suggest that touching a teddy bear mitigates the negative effects …


Are You A Value Creation Negotiator?, Michael Benoliel Apr 2011

Are You A Value Creation Negotiator?, Michael Benoliel

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Effective negotiation is about skilfully creating sustainable and mutual value for all parties, says Prof Michael Benoliel, Associate Professor of organisational behavioural and human resources practice at SMU.


Instruments For Personnel Selection In The 21st Century: Research And Practice [In Dutch], Filip Lievens, Britt De Soete Mar 2011

Instruments For Personnel Selection In The 21st Century: Research And Practice [In Dutch], Filip Lievens, Britt De Soete

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This article presents an evidence-based overview of innovative selection techniques that were developed in the last years to provide an answer to key questions concerning the contemporary practice of selection. In addition, we aim to point out gaps in the current knowledge about these novel techniques to guide future research. The article shows that innovative selection instruments such as conditional reasoning tests, integrity tests, and implicit association tests might offer opportunities to measure value-based competencies, and maladaptive traits. Furthermore, contextualized personality questionnaires, business-related intelligence tests, situational judgment tests, and so-called serious games enable organizations to improve their image, which creates …


Approach Or Avoidance (Or Both?): Integrating Core Self-Evaluations Within An Approach/Avoidance Framework, D. Lance Ferris, Christopher R. Rosen, Russell E. Johnson, Douglas J. Brown, Stephen D. Risavy, Daniel Heller Mar 2011

Approach Or Avoidance (Or Both?): Integrating Core Self-Evaluations Within An Approach/Avoidance Framework, D. Lance Ferris, Christopher R. Rosen, Russell E. Johnson, Douglas J. Brown, Stephen D. Risavy, Daniel Heller

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Core self‐evaluations (CSE) represent a new personality construct that, despite an accumulation of evidence regarding its predictive validity, provokes debate regarding the fundamental approach or avoidance nature of the construct. This set of studies sought to clarify the approach/avoidance nature of CSE by examining its relation with approach/avoidance personality traits and motivation constructs (Study 1); we subsequently examined approach/avoidance motivational mechanisms as mediators of the relation between CSE and job performance (Study 2). Overall, the studies demonstrate that CSE is best conceptualized as representing both (high) approach tendencies and (low) avoidance tendencies; implications of these findings for CSE theory are …


Doing Good, Feeling Good: Examining The Role Of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors In Changing Mood, Theresa M. Glomb, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Andrew G. Miner, Melanie Wall Feb 2011

Doing Good, Feeling Good: Examining The Role Of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors In Changing Mood, Theresa M. Glomb, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Andrew G. Miner, Melanie Wall

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study investigates whether the altruism and courtesy dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) regulate mood at work. Social psychological theories of mood regulation suggest helping behaviors can improve individuals’ moods because helping others provides gratification and directs attention away from one's negative mood. We capture mood states prior to and following the enactment of OCBs using experience sampling methodology in a sample of managerial and professional employees over a 3-week period. Results suggest altruism shows a pattern consistent with mood regulation; negative moods during the prior time period are associated with altruism and positive moods in the subsequent time …


Applicant Versus Employee Scores On Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Measures, Filip Lievens, Ute-Christine Klehe, Nele Libbrecht Jan 2011

Applicant Versus Employee Scores On Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Measures, Filip Lievens, Ute-Christine Klehe, Nele Libbrecht

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

There exists growing interest to assess applicants' emotional intelligence (EI) via self-report trait-based measures of EI as part of the selection process. However, some studies that experimentally manipulated applicant conditions have cautioned that in these conditions use of self-report measures for assessing EI might lead to considerably higher scores than current norm scores suggest. So far, no studies have scrutinized self-reported EI scores among a sample of actual job applicants. Therefore, this study compares the scores of actual applicants at a large ICT organization (n = 109) on a well-known self-report measure of EI to the scores of employees already …


Reshaping Exercise Design In Assessment Centers: Theory, Practice, And Research, Filip Lievens, Eveline Schollaert Jan 2011

Reshaping Exercise Design In Assessment Centers: Theory, Practice, And Research, Filip Lievens, Eveline Schollaert

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Upon looking at this title, an obvious question is whether assessment center (AC) exercises need to be designed differently from what was done in the past. AC exercises have been around since World War I and their longevity attests to their success. So why propose some changes to this monument in personnel selection and development? Let us first acknowledge that we concur that ACs are in still in good shape. However, every good brand needs some adjustments (which is a more appropriate term than “changes” in this context) once in a while, based on new theoretical insights and empirical research. …


Trust Building, Diagnosis, And Repair In The Context Of Negotiation, Donald L. Ferrin, Dejun Tony Kong, Kurt T. Dirks Jan 2011

Trust Building, Diagnosis, And Repair In The Context Of Negotiation, Donald L. Ferrin, Dejun Tony Kong, Kurt T. Dirks

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The following sections are included in this chapter: What is Trust and How is it Manifested in Negotiations?; What Makes a Negotiation Party Trustworthy?; Ability; Integrity; Benevolence; Perceived ability, integrity, and benevolence in combination; How Can I Gain Others' Trust?; How Can I Assess Another's Trustworthiness?; Repairing Trust After a Violation.


The Impact Of Underemployment On Individual And Organizational Performance, Michael Ramsay Bashshur, Ana Hernández, José María Peiró Jan 2011

The Impact Of Underemployment On Individual And Organizational Performance, Michael Ramsay Bashshur, Ana Hernández, José María Peiró

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The issue of underemployment is one of increasing concern for countries across the globe. For example, in the USA estimates have put the number of underemployed as high as 20.3%, while in Europe the number of overqualified workers (just one dimension of underemployment) has been estimated at 21.5% (Groot & Maassen van den Brink, 2000). Unfortunately, given the current global economic crisis, this situation can only be expected to worsen in the near future. The international labor pool is becoming more educated and qualified (Peiró, Agut, & Grau, 2010) while organizations worldwide are seeking the minimum effective level of human …


Autonomy In The Workplace: An Essential Ingredient To Employee Engagement And Well-Being In Every Culture, Marylène Gagne, Devasheesh P. Bhave Jan 2011

Autonomy In The Workplace: An Essential Ingredient To Employee Engagement And Well-Being In Every Culture, Marylène Gagne, Devasheesh P. Bhave

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The nature of organizational life requires questioning the role of worker autonomy. An impressive amount of management research has been devoted to autonomy issues in organizations. Autonomy is at the forefront of research on job design and the management of employees. Therefore, we review evidence in the area of job design and management practices that deeply affect worker autonomy. Throughout this discussion, we evaluate the cross-cultural applicability of research and practice and offer future directions based on self-determination theory.