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University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Business
The Effects On Employees From The Switch To Mandatory Contributions In The University Of Arkansas Retirement Plan, Sarah Hope Brasche, Timothy J. Yeager
The Effects On Employees From The Switch To Mandatory Contributions In The University Of Arkansas Retirement Plan, Sarah Hope Brasche, Timothy J. Yeager
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
After the 2016 fiscal year, the University of Arkansas Retirement Plan instituted mandatory contributions for full-time employees, presumably to boost retirement savings among those least prepared for retirement. Mandatory contributions began at 1% in fiscal-year 2017 and increased annually to 5% in fiscal-year 2022. This change may have harmed employees with tight budget constraints who wish to contribute less than the minimum contribution rate. At the same time, it may have helped those who were saving less than their optimal amount due to behavioral biases. We surveyed employees at the University of Arkansas campus to assess the effects from the …
Communicating Product Sustainability: Consumer Responses To Sustainability Labeling In A Retail Laboratory Environment, Siqi Feng
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
In effort to enhance sustainable development, manufacturers and retailers have collaborated to develop a standardized sustainability index based on supply chain life cycle information. However, it is unclear whether this index will help consumers make more sustainable purchases. Research conducted in a retail laboratory addresses consumer attitudes, purchase intentions, and product choices with and without a credible standardized sustainability index, and with or without provision of background sustainability information. Results from a pilot study and two mixed design experiments indicate that, on average, consumers focus more on brand equity than on sustainability levels when they make brand choices. While the …
The Opaqueness Of Fair Value Assets And Systematic Risk In The Banking Industry, Jody Wayne Bland
The Opaqueness Of Fair Value Assets And Systematic Risk In The Banking Industry, Jody Wayne Bland
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Opacity has economy-wide implications. A lack of information, whether from non-disclosure or complexity of business, creates uncertainty that even the most sophisticated of investors must face. In this paper, I analyze the relationship between opacity and the systematic risk of bank holding companies. Specifically, I find that investments in opaque assets required to be reported at fair value significantly affect the levels of financial institutions’ systematic risk. Furthermore, I provide evidence that firm investments in opaque assets contribute to systematic risk to an even greater degree during times of financial crisis.
Procrastination Does Pay Sometimes: How The Delay In Implementing Basel Ii Reduced The Effect Of The Subprime Financial Crisis, Raymond Bart Simmons
Procrastination Does Pay Sometimes: How The Delay In Implementing Basel Ii Reduced The Effect Of The Subprime Financial Crisis, Raymond Bart Simmons
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Basel II, a major international regulatory capital revision, was supposed to have been implemented in the U.S. by 2004, but delays pushed it back more than five years. Basel II could have lowered minimum capital standards and made the largest banks even more vulnerable to the subprime financial crisis and economic downturn had it been adopted before its onset in 2007. Consequently, the procrastination in implementing Basel II made the banking industry more stable as it entered the financial crisis. In this study, the assets of the 11 largest bank holding companies at year-end 2006 were separated into broad asset …
Ftc Guidelines On Endorsements And Online Consumer Reviews: Biasing Consumers' Intent To Buy, Alexander Cole
Ftc Guidelines On Endorsements And Online Consumer Reviews: Biasing Consumers' Intent To Buy, Alexander Cole
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
New FTC guidelines have been created to control improperly used endorsements with online consumer reviews. These guidelines state that bloggers and word-of-mouth marketers must disclose material connections if they are being endorsed in any way, and a paid endorsement is considered deceptive if it makes false or misleading claims. This study examines how this regulation may influence consumers’ attitudes and behaviors regarding online reviews. The present research tests whether: a) previously documented bias effects of negative and positive reviews still exist under new guidelines; b) the minimal FTC requirements are sufficient to properly inform consumers; and c) a more standardized …
Market Volatility Asymmetries: The Effects Of Stock Market Returns On Realized And Implied Volatilities, Matthew M. Chestnut
Market Volatility Asymmetries: The Effects Of Stock Market Returns On Realized And Implied Volatilities, Matthew M. Chestnut
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Volatility is an integral and inescapable variable of financial engineering, modeling, and finance theory itself Classical financial economics proxies volatility for risk itself, as it becomes difficult to predict future price realizations of a given asset when that asset exhibits significant price volatility over a given time. However, the nature of volatility as it is explained by classical financial economics has been extensively questioned in the previous three decades, since it is characterized as a function of uncertainty aggregate market psychology-that is, as a function of fear, greed, exuberance, and other fundamental human instincts and emotions. While previous research has …
Accounting Conservatism In International Financial Reporting Standards And U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Hang Minh Pham
Accounting Conservatism In International Financial Reporting Standards And U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Hang Minh Pham
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
During the past five years, the number of US. citizens who own foreign securities has increased by thirty percent. This trend has led to the need for a uniform accounting system that would increase the comparability and consistency of financial statements across countries in the world. Today, over 100 countries have adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as their primary accounting system. The European Union required the use of IFRS in 2005. In the U.S., the Securities and Exchange Commission is considering the adoption of IFRS in 2014. IFRS and U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are different in many …
Outcomes Of The Transition Process In Central And Eastern Europe: The Roles Of Culture And Society In Adopting Democratic Capitalism, Brian Lee
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
In this paper, the author explores the reasons why some states have achieved higher levels of progress in transitioning from a communist system to a system rooted in democratic capitalism. Unlike the majority of scholars, though, he does not fault any one government's policies or the reform path chosen for a country's success or supposed failure along the way. Instead, the author concludes that the outcome of the transition process is dependent upon the interaction between the new formal institutions being adopted and the prevailing informal societal institutions and rules found throughout the region. If the formal institutions are in …
Economic Literacy At The University Of Arkansas, Amanda Otto
Economic Literacy At The University Of Arkansas, Amanda Otto
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
In this study, the researchers developed a survey asking students what topics were most desired, what the ideal format of the program would be, and what would motivate students to participate. Each of these questions allowed participants to rank options within topics, formats and motivators. The survey also collected demographic information concerning age, gender, university classification, and specific college so that the researchers could analyze the needs of different groups on campus. A total of 397 students participated. To analyze the data, the rankings were summed to create an aggregate ranking for each question. The demographic information was used in …
Flights-To-Quality: The Effects Of Market Volatility On Short Term U.S. Treasury Yields, Craig Michael Cox
Flights-To-Quality: The Effects Of Market Volatility On Short Term U.S. Treasury Yields, Craig Michael Cox
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Flights-to-quality are the sudden, and sometimes irrational, rebalancing of investment portfolios to include more liquid and safer investments during times of uncertainty, high market volatility, or other unusual stock market environments. While previous research has explained flights-to-quality in terms of liquidity needs and credit risk premiums, this paper examines the significant statistical relationship between the VIX Index of implied market volatility and yields on U.S. Treasury bills. I found that the VIX Index explains a significant portion of U.S. Treasury yield variability and that the models become more significant and accurate as the maturity of the Treasuries increases. In terms …
Literary, Historical, And Socio-Economic Dimensions Of Race And Identity In The Dominican Republic: A National Delusion?, Megan Christine Harris
Literary, Historical, And Socio-Economic Dimensions Of Race And Identity In The Dominican Republic: A National Delusion?, Megan Christine Harris
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
The article discusses race, racism, and self-concept in the Dominican Republic. It explains the reasons behind the present view of race, identifies links between race and Dominican economic and political issues, and explores how the unique situation of the Dominican Republic in terms of cultural history and geography has contributed to racism toward Haitians. The article also deals with the negative self-image many Dominicans have as a result of the color of their skin and their ancestry. In conclusion, it offers suggestions on revaluating race that could be applicable to not only the Dominican Republic, but also racially-segregated groups of …
The Potential Effects Of Corrective Advertising On Consumer Beliefs Mandated By U.S Vs. Philip Morris Usa, Inc. (2006), Brook Leigh Plack
The Potential Effects Of Corrective Advertising On Consumer Beliefs Mandated By U.S Vs. Philip Morris Usa, Inc. (2006), Brook Leigh Plack
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
In US v. Philip Morris USA Inc. (2006), six major tobacco companies were ordered to provide funding for an extremely large corrective advertising and marketing campaign. The Court ruled that consumers may have been misled and deceived about the (1) health effects of smoking, (2) addictiveness of smoking, (3) lack of health benefit from low tar/light cigarettes, (4) companies’ manipulation of nicotine delivery and cigarette design, and (5) health effects of secondhand smoke. Using print advertising copy test procedures, this research focused on the potential effectiveness of test ads submitted to the Court in impacting these target beliefs. In an …
An Investigation Of Changes In Contributions Of State Lotteries To Education Over Time, Andrea Lee Parker
An Investigation Of Changes In Contributions Of State Lotteries To Education Over Time, Andrea Lee Parker
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Arkansas is one of many states in this country that is experiencing an education funding crisis. Despite the fact that states have started taking more responsibility for the funding of their public schools since the mid-1950s, litigation over education funding has occurred in almost every state in the United States. Litigation in Arkansas began in the 1980s and continues today with the Lake View case. Several alternatives have been proposed to reform the state's education system and its methods of funding, including school consolidation, raising taxes, and adopting an education-supporting lottery. Lotteries have become very popular revenue raising mechanisms in …
Biometric Security: Are Inexpensive Biometric Devices Reliable Enough To Gain Wide-Spread Security Usage?, Brian Thanh Tran
Biometric Security: Are Inexpensive Biometric Devices Reliable Enough To Gain Wide-Spread Security Usage?, Brian Thanh Tran
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
The ever growing need for security in today' s world requires exploring the feasibility of various security methods to ensure the safety of the world's population. With the tremendous growth of technology, e-commerce, and business globalization, society implements new methods to try to battle security problems. Technology advances has resulted in a number of inexpensive biometric devices to the marketplace. Two questions surface regarding this devices-are they reliable enough for general usage and will people be willing to use them? This research conducted a repeated design experiment to determine the effectiveness of four inexpensive biometric devices-three fingerprint readers and an …
Sec Enforcement Actions: An Analysis Of Economic Determinants Of Restatements, Rivka Berman
Sec Enforcement Actions: An Analysis Of Economic Determinants Of Restatements, Rivka Berman
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
This paper investigates the economic determinants of restatements, focusing on companies that were the object of an SEC Enforcement Action. A sample of 30 restatement firms is matched with 30 non-restatement firms in the same industry and same business and with a similar size as measured by assets. It was found that the use of a Big 5 audit firm reduces the incidence of restatement. More specifically, use of Ernst & Young as a Big 5 audit firm significantly reduces the possibility of restatement. Variables testing debt to equity ratio, proportion of management ownership and proportion of blockholder ownership as …
Semi-Strong Form Market Hypothesis: Evidence From Cnbc's Jim Cramer's Mad Money Stock Recommendations, Elizabeth Dodson
Semi-Strong Form Market Hypothesis: Evidence From Cnbc's Jim Cramer's Mad Money Stock Recommendations, Elizabeth Dodson
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Mad Money has become one of the most popular shows on CNBC. The host, Jim Cramer, has an outlandish style and personality that viewers find intoxicating. Cramer's goal for the show is to make people money. Does he succeed? This paper finds that investors can expect to gain above-average, risk adjusted returns by following Cramer's stock recommendations and trading accordingly. These findings challenge the semi-strong form market hypothesis. According to this hypothesis investors should not recognize gains trading on public information since it states that the market has already adjusted prices for that information. It also contributes to current literature …
Economics Of Scale In The Us Truckload Industry, Adam Gray Bradford
Economics Of Scale In The Us Truckload Industry, Adam Gray Bradford
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
No abstract provided.
The Channeling Power Of Television And The Viewing Experience, Laura Elaine Jakosky
The Channeling Power Of Television And The Viewing Experience, Laura Elaine Jakosky
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
No abstract provided.
A Study Of The Civil Justice Reform Act Of 2003: Can Tort Reform Benefit Arkansas?, Scott Jackson
A Study Of The Civil Justice Reform Act Of 2003: Can Tort Reform Benefit Arkansas?, Scott Jackson
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Without question, reforming America's civil justice system has become a hot button issue in today's political landscape. While most Americans move about their daily lives without giving the subject a second thought, politicians ranging from aspiring state assemblymen to the recently reelected George W Bush have placed tort reform at the forefront of American political affairs. Although problems plaguing American courts have been discussed for years, criticism of America's current system for adjudicating tort cases has reached a fever pitch. Among the more vocal critics are powerful lobbyist groups, such as the American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Tort …
Internet Gambling: Fair Game In The United States?, Brandice N. Wells
Internet Gambling: Fair Game In The United States?, Brandice N. Wells
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
No abstract provided.
Women In The Workplace In Accounting: Perspective Vs. Reality, Stephanie Lynn Cuningkin
Women In The Workplace In Accounting: Perspective Vs. Reality, Stephanie Lynn Cuningkin
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
No abstract provided.
Does The Adoption Of "Economic Value Added" Improve Corporate Performance?, Matthew Louis Bell
Does The Adoption Of "Economic Value Added" Improve Corporate Performance?, Matthew Louis Bell
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Determining how to properly measure corporate performance is one of the most important problems in contemporary corporate finance. Without a sound mechanism to evaluate managerial performance, a corporation's management has no adequate standard to be judged by. This can destroy the firm's value very quickly through poor managerial decisions. For this reason, managers need to be evaluated and compensated based on a performance measure that truly demonstrates the changes in a company's value. The interests of executives and shareholders do not always coincide, as can be seen through many of the current corporate scandals. Thus, it is almost universally argued …
An Investigation Of Electronic Tax Filing In Arkansas, Angela Lerae Adams
An Investigation Of Electronic Tax Filing In Arkansas, Angela Lerae Adams
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
As a part of the IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, Congress set a goal for the IRS to have at least 80 percent of federal tax returns filed electronically by 2007. During the last tax filing season, electronic filing of tax returns increased by around 9 percent, up to 41 percent of individual returns filed, with over 18 million taxpayers filing state and federal returns simultaneously. While the number of electronic returns is increasing, the IRS is unlikely to reach its 80 percent mandate by 2007. Government taxing agencies are actively pursuing ways to use technology to increase …