Business Commons^™

Accountability Responsibility As An Instrument For Performance Measurement, Burhan Rexhepi B.R

International Journal of Business and Technology

This paper addresses the role and importance of accounting information, in particular liability accounting and the impact of liability centers on the success of the enterprise. The success of business decision making is closely linked to the quality and accuracy of accounting information. Every entity, regardless of ownership, size and form of legal organization, the capital structure exists and functions to achieve its objectives.

We live in a time of great changes in external environmental factors, which impose the need to know modern methods and models for running a business. However, the main basis of business success depends on the …

Types Of Financial And Economic Crisis, Burhan R. Rexhepi B.R

International Journal of Business and Technology

Financial crises have caused much debate among different economists. They have attempted to explore any possibility of detecting and preventing crises before they cause the damages that will require way more time and energy to repair the situation and bring the economies back on the right track of sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to analyze different types of financial crises that have affected the economies of the world in order to draw lessons from their experiences. Analysis of this study is divided into four types of financial crises: Banking crisis, speculative bubbles and the market failures, international …

An Outlook Of Factoring Industry In The World And In Kosovo, Burhan R. Rexhepi B.R

International Journal of Business and Technology

Factoring is the most appropriate one for both bank and SMEs as it is considering a method of raising short- term working capital for enterprise by exchanging its A/R, not collateral focused and not adding any liability into their balance sheet. Moreover, factoring is a comprehensive financial service that includes not only financing but also credit protection, accounts receivable bookkeeping and collection services. Factoring not only brings benefit to CBs as a new service for diversification and increasing turnover but also supports SMEs to access financing for roll-up their business and gaining profit from achieving advantages of competitiveness. Although it …

Theory About Factoring Service, Burhan Economy Rexhepi Ek

International Journal of Business and Technology

Factoring is one of the oldest and common methods of trade fi nance over the world with a long historical development. According to historians, Factoring is originated 4,000 years ago in the days of King Hammurabi of Mesopotamia whereby the fi rst literate societies were developed. Although Mesopotamia no longer exists, many of its great contributions to civilization have endured, including Factoring. The fi rst documented-use of factoring was widespread occurred in the American colonies before the revolution to serve for trade. With the abundance of the North American landscape, colonists cultivated and traded commodities like cott on, fur and …

Identification Of Macroeconomic Level Factors For The Electronic Design Automation Industry, Aida Bitri

International Journal of Business and Technology

The Electronic Design Automation industry operates in a complex, dynamic, and unstable environment. During the years companies have been challenged to continuously find ways of survival and competitiveness. For years the USA has been the leading country in this sector. Most of the talents, knowledge, and innovations have come from organizations operating in this part of the world. Nowadays, due to technological war between countries, and changes in the political arena, other countries have started to invest in their workforces and to challenge the current market balance. This paper aims to identify the macroeconomic level factors that impact the firms …

Direct Digital Synthesis Optimization Based On Vhdl Code, Marsida Ibro

International Journal of Business and Technology

In this paper, we will describe the synthesis of the Direct Digital Syn- thesis (DDS) circuit using the VHDL language. Nowadays the DDS is being

used widely in the fields of telecommunications, including signal generator cir- cuits. The DDS circuits are used to generate analog signals with the use of digi- tal circuits. This work aims to present the implementation of DDS with the

VHDL language, which offers compatibility with FPGA devices. Initially, the VHDL code was generated automatically via Matlab/Simulink model, designed by using HDL Coder components, which are compatible with VHDL. The VHDL code is modified in order …

Probation Of Ima-Net Platform In The Framework Of Flexible Ceepus Course At The Summer Academia In Ubt, Krisel Tola

International Journal of Business and Technology

Summer courses can be a valuable and rewarding experience for students who want to continue building and developing their learning skills during the summer. They offers both flexible and stress-free environments to whom want to master a specific course or gain experience in a totally new subject that they would not otherwise come into contact with during the school year. This helps to round out a student's educational experience and it can be very helpful to them when deciding what they want to do in college and in life. UBT along with partners from TU-Sofia and more with the coordination …

Optimization Of Energy Flow In A Microgrid Application With A Photovoltaic Electricity Supply, Vassil Guliashki

International Journal of Business and Technology

Microgrids can be powered using wind turbines, generators, batter- ies, or solar panels. In case of emergency, a microgrid provides backup from the

main grid in times of crisis like storms or power outages, also it can be used to

reduce the energy consumption from the main grid. This paper presents optimi- zation of a battery schedule in a microgrid application when it is used in a grid- connected mode (connected to the main grid) with a photovoltaic electricity

supply, battery and inverter. The data used for the problem formulation include the photovoltaic energy production in 24 hours for 3000 …

Review Of Cybersecurity Hardware Devices, Eriselda Malaj

International Journal of Business and Technology

In the modern world, cybersecurity is an important issue in the field of technology. The main security problem is the security of the data we receive on the server side after being sent by the client or by the sensors. Nowadays cybersecurity is seen as an area where software is more important than hardware and this led to an increase in the number of securities at the software level. By increasing security at the hardware level cyber security takes another dimension. Network infrastructure devices serve for the realization of communication of applications, data, services and multi-media. These devices include firewalls, …

Empiric Study Of International Academic Mobility In Kosovo And Its Impac On Development, Lirigzona Morina

International Journal of Business and Technology

The background of the research presented in the paper lies in the divergence between the observations of international student mobility in the context of the internationalization of higher educations by the EU and universities on one hand and international students’ motivations for study abroad in general. The research is based on four main case studies of Universities in Kosovo, Bulgaria, Sweden, and Poland including here also other exchange students from different continents such as Australia and Oceania (Fiji), Asia(India), Africa(South Africa), etc. A survey with some questions is designed and 272 responses from students on Erasmus+ mobilities are collected in …

Soft Wheat Quality Parameters Evaluation By Near Infrared Spectroscopy: From Field To Shelf Analysis, Kliton Bylykbashi

International Journal of Business and Technology

Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a powerful tool that is widely applied in agro-food science and technology research for qualitative as well as quantitative analysis. It is one analytical technique that is taking place in this sector due to its low costs, reliability, rapidity and not invasive / non-destructive nature. NIRS along with chemometric modelling can provide accurate assessment of various grain quality attributes and the chemical composition of grain. The present work investigates the ability of using NIRS for the evaluation of different wheat quality parameters by using a portable spectroradiometer working in Visible – Short Wave InfraRed (Vis-SWIR: …

Types Of Suturing Materials In Oral Surgery, Biljana Evrosimovska

International Journal of Business and Technology

Aim: In everyday surgical practice, different types of suturing materials are available. They play an important role in tissue healing, facilitate the process of hemostasis, enable the reconstruction and reunification of tissue whose integrity has been compromised during surgery or trauma. The aim of this study is to examine the reaction of the tissue to different suturing materials, as well as to determine the speed of wound healing and the incidence of complications after their use, in order to prove which of them is most suitable for oral surgery procedure. Material and methods: These researches were done based on analyzes …

Can Democratic Subjectivity Be A Way Out Of Recent Crisis Of Democracy? The Case Of Turkey, Erdem Damar

International Journal of Business and Technology

Drawing from poststructuralist perspective with a specific emphasis on agonistic democracy, this paper emphasises on the notion of democratic subjectivity as a possible way out of the contemporary crisis of liberal democracy. The two faces of this crisis will be elaborated in the first part. While the crisis of democracy is largely produced by the implementations of conservative, technocratic and capitalist politics that embrace minimalist approaches to democracy by reducing it into a set of rules to govern politics, it also gains visibility to the emergence of a wide range of counter-mobilisations contesting these neoliberal variants. In that respect, post-structuralist …

Diversification Of Polish Agri-Food Trade, Małgorzata Bułkowska

International Journal of Business and Technology

The embargo introduced in August 2014 by Russia on the food products imported from the European Union caused a strong decline in sales of food from Poland in this country. The aim of the article is to analyse the current trends and prospects of development of Polish agrifood trade with the EU and non-EU countries in 2013-2016. A special attention was paid on changes in geographical structure and the level of diversification of Polish food exports as a result of the export restriction. The analysis shows that the situation on the Russian market influenced the growth of the food exports …

Determinants Of Trade In Value Added: The Case Of The Central And Eastern European Countries, Łukasz Ambroziak

International Journal of Business and Technology

The aim of the paper is to investigate determinants of trade in value added of the CEECs (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) in the period 2000–2014. For this purpose, it uses a generalised gravity model based on panel data. The main independent variables (GDP of trading countries and the distance between them) have the same direction of impact on both value added exports/imports and gross exports/imports. Only the values of coefficients differ. The greatest difference concerns the geographical distance. It results from indirect value added trade.

The Evolution Of Crm From The Perspective Of An Emerging Country: Past, Present And Future, Taşkın Dirsehan

International Journal of Business and Technology

From traditional groceries to mobile commerce, marketing has passed through several ages in its history, and so has the relationship between the seller and the customer. The CRM evolution process differs according to the history of different countries. This study offers a perspective on CRM from an emerging country, Turkey, and will demonstrate the stages of customer relationship management (CRM) in that country. In Turkey’s collective culture in the 80s, grocery stores existed with a strong relationship between the seller and the store. The owner was called “uncle grocery” and usually came from the same quarter as the customers. In …

The Human Capital Valuation: A Methodological Proposal Among Intellectual Capital Elements, Domenico Celenza, Fabrizio Rossi

International Journal of Business and Technology

Intellectual Capital (IC) is an important source of value for companies and in recent years has been the focus of attention for scholars. In a knowledge-based economic scenario the role of human resources has been reallocated over time in the theory of the firm to a higher degree than in the past. The worker's labor and management have been transformed as a result of the growing attention to the intangible assets held by each business system. In knowledge economy, manufacturing industries are investing more and more in the processes of scientific and technological research in order to introduce new knowledge …

Communicating Strategically – Talking Less, Targeting Better Qualitative Study On Corporate Communication’S Learning In Leading Global Companies, Lukasz M. Bochenek, Sam Blili

International Journal of Business and Technology

Companies need to communicate strategically in order to maintain dialogue and relationships with their stakeholders. In the crowded media and social media space the messages disappear in the noise generated by multiple actors. Therefore, to be heard the enterprises need to consider their communication strategically. It is not about the amount of information; it is about right targeting and usage of the right tools and channels. Social media allowed the companies to communicate directly with their stakeholders and customers. Different channels can address different stakeholders. This study focuses on a qualitative assessment of the learning patterns and profiles among 60 …

Creation Or Destruction Of Value In Mergers? An Empirical Analysis On The Italian Stock Market, Fabrizio Rossi

International Journal of Business and Technology

The objective of this paper is to investigate whether mergers create value for shareholders in both the short and long term. For this purpose, 120 announcements of mergers that were registered in Italy during the period 1994-2006 among listed companies were examined. The short-term analysis was conducted using the event study methodology in order to estimate the cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) in the time window around the announcement date (-10, +10). In this work, the sample of 120 mergers was divided into two sub-samples: the first considers the mergers that were carried out in all sectors of the economy, and …

Organizational Culture In Public Institutions And Its Effect Over The Implementation Of Total Quality Management Process- Kosovo Case, Ilir Rexhepi, Ermira Qosja

International Journal of Business and Technology

Total Quality management (TQM) is a philosophy management method, the importance of which continuously has been growing after '90. There is relatively short time since Kosovo Public Institutions are practically doing their activity as a part of an independent Country, and as such day by day they are facing with different management challenges which continuously are becoming more rough and tough towards the EU integration process.

Total Quality Management within Public Institutions, is leaded by the phase of establishment and implementation of Quality management Systems based on ISO 9001. In this process, through a deep empiric study in three Kosovo …

The Risk-Based Role Of Internal Audit Within Albania, Public Organizations, Holtjana Bello, Vjollca Karapici

International Journal of Business and Technology

The aspiration of Albania for European integration has added mandatory requirements for public sector to modernize the internal audit function in adherence with International Internal Auditing Standards. According to such Standards supported by Picket (2005) and CIPFA (2003) the internal audit is an assurance function that provides independent opinion on the effectiveness of internal controls that support the achievement of the organizations objectives. Internal auditors can provide consultancy service, in particular to aid management to improve the organization control environment.

Meanwhile, Diamond (2002) explains that the internal audit role, remit, scope and activities are driven by the macroeconomic objectives and …

Alarming Factors In Predictability Of Failure Of Financial Institutions, Mo Vaziri, Rafiqul Bhuyan, Ponkala Anand Vaseekhar Manuel

International Journal of Business and Technology

The impact of failure of financial institutions is beyond just the failure of a public corporation. The failure of financial institutions in the USA, is a clear evidence that the greater macro impact is beyond just the failure of few financial institutions. It can bring down the entire economy and can have global devastating impact. By realizing the grave systemic risk of the failure, US government is forced to intervene and bail out many institutions for greater macro-economic reasons. It raises the view that perhaps the current regulating policies and methods are lacking efficiency in predicting the possibility of failure …

Family Friendly Policies In Organizations And Their Effects On Work-Life Balance, Work Alienation And Life Satisfaction, Pelin Kanten

International Journal of Business and Technology

This study aims to research the effect of family-friendly policies on work-life balance, work alienation, and life satisfaction. In the literature studies suggest that, family-friendly policies are evaluated within the scope of human resource management practices; they are associated with positive individual and organizational outcomes. Accordingly, this study deals with work-life balance, work alienation and life satisfaction variables which are expected to be affected by family-friendly policies. In order to examine the effect of family-friendly policies on these variables, 208 people employed in three different marble companies in Turkey are included in the research. Based on the findings, there are …

The New Public Management In Transition Countries- Public Sector Decentralization And Local Governance Reform In Kosovo, Ibrahim Krasniqi

International Journal of Business and Technology

Public administration management in most developing countries is changing rapidly through reform processes with respect to public service delivery and the stimulation of economic growth. That change, in general is affected by the need for policy reform, has resulted in different structural public management reforms known as decentralization and ‘the new public management’, reflecting a movement away from the old values and norms of public administration management. This paper discusses the issue of local government reform processes in Kosovo in parallel with the new public management processes in the country. Local government reform has been and is a priority of …

Can Credit Scoring Models Prevent Default Payments In The Banking Industry In The Period Of Financial Crisis?, Violeta Madzova, Nehat Ramadini

International Journal of Business and Technology

Credit scoring is a scientific method of assessing the credit risk associated with new credit applications as well as for monitoring of the credit risk in the process of the loan payment. Therefore credit scoring models developed in the banks based on their internal information system, as well as the credit info system in the country, can help the banks to ensure more consistent underwriting and can provide management with a more insightful measure of credit risk. While credit scoring could be a valuable risk management tool in virtually any bank setting, it is probably not wide accepted in the …

The Impact Of Product And Labour Market Deregulation, Armend Muja

International Journal of Business and Technology

Economists have often talked about the European Paradox:” - Europe having the necessary knowledge and research but failing to utilize these advantages and bring them to the markets. The perception, largely attributable to the media reporting, is that Europe lags behind the United States in innovation. While it is true that most of the e-commerce innovations were developed in the United States, Europe’s economies did well over the 1990s despite the lack of major breakthroughs in high-tech sphere. Thus, it is hard to say that Europe is facing an innovation crisis, and I will argue that Europe has other advantages …

Corruption And Tax Evasion: Evidence From Albanian Enterprises, Ermira Hoxha Kalaj

International Journal of Business and Technology

This article focuses on survey data and qualitative evidence from Albanian manufacturing firms to examine the scale and consequences of corruption and tax evasion at the enterprise level. It discusses the costs and benefits from the entrepreneur’s perspective. The vector of covariates includes information about; use of external finance, policy influence, experience of corruption, firms size and ownership structure. To control for differences in the availability of collateral, the proportion of the fixed assets is included. The models used in the paper are probit where the dependent variable is binary and ordered probit where the dependent variable is categorical and …

The Impact Of Occupational Stressors In Public Administration: What Should Employees Do?, Edit Lezha, Gezim Dibra, Jozef Bushati, Bujane Topalli

International Journal of Business and Technology

Frequent and rapid changes are influencing factors in the quality of human life. Work intensity, the difference between material and spiritual needs of employees and their needs balance, are more general factors that cause stress at work. These requirements may be perceived as positive or negative challenges. Requirements imbalances can lead in procrastination which increase work related stress and concern in managing it. So stress is a consequence of the interaction of employees with conditions that surround them, but, on the other hand employee themselves can affect their own level of stress that they are experiencing in workplace. Organizations that …

Impact Of Customer’S Queuing Over Service Quality A Case Study On Mobile Phone Operators In Macedonia, Nehat Ramadini, Violeta Madzova, Sejdi Xhemaili

International Journal of Business and Technology

The worldwide mobile phone market recently is enormously growing associated with a strong demand for smart phones across the entire globe. International Data Corporation (a premier global provider of market intelligence data) argues that the overall mobile phone market is growing faster than previously forecasts, with over than 1.8 billion mobile phones during 2014, and expects to sell over 2.3 billion mobile phones in 2017, in a single year. The world trend in customers’ demand has caused a strong competition among mobile phone companies. Given that the customer satisfaction is a fundamental marketing tool, and companies have gained better understanding …

Economics Of Milk Yield Losses In One Dairy Farm In Macedonia Associated With Clinical Mastitis, Fetai Valdrina, Nakov Dimitar, Jashari Besirm, Trajchev Metodija

International Journal of Business and Technology

Mastitis remains one of the major disease in dairy herds, causing profound economic losses to the entire milk production chain due to changes in the milk quality and milk yield. A one year cross-sectional longitudinal survey was carried out to evaluate milk yield losses associated with occurrence of clinical mastitis cases in one dairy herd. Cows that had clinical mastitis and clinically healthy cows during lactation were included in the study. The traits analyzed were the average of the monthly test day milk yields, cow parities and days in lactation while first case of clinical mastitis was occurred. For these …