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"It Was My Story To Tell And I Wasn't Ready To Tell It": Stigma Management Amongst Lgbtq+ Sport Officials, A. C. Baeth, Jacob K. Tingle, B. L. Jacobs, C. C. Zvosec Jan 2023

"It Was My Story To Tell And I Wasn't Ready To Tell It": Stigma Management Amongst Lgbtq+ Sport Officials, A. C. Baeth, Jacob K. Tingle, B. L. Jacobs, C. C. Zvosec

School of Business Faculty Research

The erasure of marginalized people, especially LGBTQ+ people, is commonplace in sport. As sport has become more commercialized, even at grassroots and youth levels), one group that has become even further marginalized and dehumanized are sports officials. Understanding the intersection of marginalized identities is important; as such, this study examined how homophobia and transphobia interplay with the sports officiating profession. Semistructured interviews with 16 self-identified LGBTQ+ referees revealed a series of organizational and social factors that led officials to either pass as non-LGBTQ+ or to come out as LGBTQ+, leading to the development of the LGBTQ+ Referee Identity Management Process …


Female Sports Officials And Mental Health: The Overlooked Problem, Jacob K. Tingle, B. L. Jacobs, Lynn L. Ridinger, Stacy Warner Jul 2022

Female Sports Officials And Mental Health: The Overlooked Problem, Jacob K. Tingle, B. L. Jacobs, Lynn L. Ridinger, Stacy Warner

School of Business Faculty Research

Sporting culture often celebrates mental toughness and chides weakness, which can stigmatize mental health issues. While some sport organizations have prioritized addressing mental well-being, referees have been ignored. Referees work in high-pressure environments; thus, the need to understand, destigmatize, and normalize the conversation around mental health within the referee community and the larger sporting system is important. Because the prevalence of stress-related issues is greater for women, this study focused on female referees’ well-being, interviewing 20 female U.S. basketball referees via a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Participants represented various geographical regions in the United States and officiated at levels ranging from …


Officiating Attrition: The Experiences Of Former Referees Via A Sport Development Lens, Stacy Warner, Jacob K. Tingle, Pamm Kellett Jan 2013

Officiating Attrition: The Experiences Of Former Referees Via A Sport Development Lens, Stacy Warner, Jacob K. Tingle, Pamm Kellett

School of Business Faculty Research

Referees are key sport personnel who have important responsibilities both on- and off- the field. Organized competition would not survive without referees, yet little is known about what cause referees to discontinue in the role. This research examines the experiences of former referees so that managers may better understand strategies that might encourage more referees to be retained. Fifteen previous basketball referees were interviewed about their refereeing experience. Ten themes emerged that were related to the sport development stages of referee recruitment, referee retention, and referee advancement. The results indicate that issues experienced during the retention phase (Problematic Social Interaction, …