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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Business
An Examination Of Motives, Attitudes And Charitable Intentions For Running In A Charity Event, Edwin Gomez, Eddie Hill, Lynn Ridinger, Stephen Shiparo
An Examination Of Motives, Attitudes And Charitable Intentions For Running In A Charity Event, Edwin Gomez, Eddie Hill, Lynn Ridinger, Stephen Shiparo
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
Running, as a form of leisure time physical activity is generally popular due to its low-cost entry, easy access to practice, and the convenience and accessible nature of the activity. Specifically, one type of running experience sought by many is charitable running or running for a cause (i.e., cause-related sport event). While there is a growing body of literature on charity sport events, little is known about how the charitable motives and participant identity with the event affect future behaviors associated with the cause and the event. Grounded in identity theory, the purpose of this article was to examine the …
Hosts And Guests: Surfers' Experiences Of Travel And Tourism In The First Wave Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Lindsay E. Usher
Hosts And Guests: Surfers' Experiences Of Travel And Tourism In The First Wave Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Lindsay E. Usher
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of people experienced travel disruptions and tourism destinations felt the economic sting of low visitor numbers. Using online interviews, this study followed 29 surfers over the course of 6 months to explore their experiences of the pandemic as travelers and hosts within tourism destinations in the US, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Australia, the Caribbean, and Latin America. It examines the effect of the pandemic on their travel plans, travel experiences, and tourism destinations where they lived. Many participants experienced travel disruptions and had to go through different decision-making and behavioral …
Risk Communication In The Tourism Industry, Lindsay E. Usher, Ashley Schroeder
Risk Communication In The Tourism Industry, Lindsay E. Usher, Ashley Schroeder
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
This chapter focuses on risk communication in the tourism sector. Tourism organizations must communicate with a variety of stakeholders when conveying messages about impending severe weather or disasters, which are increasing due climate change and sea level rise. There is also an increased need to distribute information to tourism stakeholders about preparing for, continuing service during, and recovering from, disasters. Stakeholders involved with the tourism industry include business owners, government officials and tourists, all of whom have differing degrees of vulnerability in a destination when a threat occurs. Different messages regarding disaster preparation and recovery must be communicated to the …
A Qualitative Exploration Of Ticket-Pricing Decisions In Intercollegiate Athletics, Craig A. Morehead, Stephen L. Shapiro, Lamar Reams, Chad Mcevoy, Timothy M. Madden
A Qualitative Exploration Of Ticket-Pricing Decisions In Intercollegiate Athletics, Craig A. Morehead, Stephen L. Shapiro, Lamar Reams, Chad Mcevoy, Timothy M. Madden
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
Ticket sales represent a significant revenue stream for NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision athletic departments, yet little is known about how administrators determine prices for those tickets. Utilizing strategic planning as the primary framework and supplemented by stakeholder theory, this study examines ticket-pricing decisions from the viewpoint of athletic administrators with various departmental responsibilities to better understand the role of ticket pricing in intercollegiate sport. Twenty athletic administrators, representing two Power 5 and two Group of 5 institutions, were interviewed about their experiences with ticket pricing. In addition to common pricing objectives related to revenue, patronage, and operations, administrators also suggested …
The Impact Of Rivalry Antecedents On Mediated Demand For An Individual Sport, Lamar Reams, Terry Eddy
The Impact Of Rivalry Antecedents On Mediated Demand For An Individual Sport, Lamar Reams, Terry Eddy
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
In contrast to research examining the social-psychological aspects of how sport fans perceive rivalry games in team sports, far less is known regarding the impact rivalries have on mediated consumer demand, a marketing outcome of interest to sport researchers and practitioners. Guided by economic demand theory, the current study developed a model to empirically examine the impact of Tyler and Cobbs' (2015) rivalry antecedents (conflict, peer, bias) on fan interest for an individual sport. The three-dimensional framework provided the foundation for the selection of thirteen rivalry-related variables, in addition to control determinants established from prior literature. Results from the estimation …
Why Referees Stay In The Game, Lynn L. Ridinger, Stacy Warner, Jacob K. Tingle, Kyungun R. Kim
Why Referees Stay In The Game, Lynn L. Ridinger, Stacy Warner, Jacob K. Tingle, Kyungun R. Kim
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
Current trends indicate the number of qualified sports officials continues to dwindle. Therefore, this research sought to better understand reasons for initial entry, continuation, and potential discontinuation with officiating, while also identifying problematic issues, and potential solutions. Content analysis was utilized to examine five open-ended online survey responses from 2,485 referees. The results indicate that Enjoyable Affiliation (58%) and Remuneration (14%) were key to referees becoming involved in officiating. Those two themes, Enjoyable Affiliation (75%) and Remuneration (14%), were also identified as important to retaining officials. Physical Limitations were mentioned by 58% of the respondents regarding why they plan to …
Athletic Ticket Pricing In The Collegiate Environment: An Agenda For Research, Craig A. Morehead, Stephen Shapiro, Timothy M. Madden, Lamar Reams, Chad D. Mcevoy
Athletic Ticket Pricing In The Collegiate Environment: An Agenda For Research, Craig A. Morehead, Stephen Shapiro, Timothy M. Madden, Lamar Reams, Chad D. Mcevoy
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
s pressure mounts for intercollegiate athletic departments to be more selfsufficient, administrators must respond by increasing generated revenues. Despite the importance of ticket sales in this endeavor, however, little is known about the underlying ticket pricing structures and policies used by National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions. Of the limited existing scholarship focused on managerial pricing decisions in the field of sport management, only professional sports settings have been addressed. Given the unique operational differences between professional and intercollegiate sport, this paper is designed to establish a foundation from which to build future research concerning the pricing of college sport …
Examining Consumer Perceptions Of Demand-Based Ticket Pricing In Sport, Stephen L. Shapiro, Joris Drayer, Brendan Dwyer
Examining Consumer Perceptions Of Demand-Based Ticket Pricing In Sport, Stephen L. Shapiro, Joris Drayer, Brendan Dwyer
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
Dynamic ticket pricing (DTP), a new revenue management (RM) strategy in sport, has grown in popularity in response to the demand-based ticket resale market. Previous research has examined the relationship between the primary and secondary ticket market and determinants of price in a DTP environment. However, research has not focused on consumer perceptions of DTP or resale prices. The purpose of this study was to examine consumer perceptions of demand-based pricing over time, to assess the influence of attitudes on perceived value and purchase intentions. Results indicated that time, team performance expectations, fairness perceptions, seat location, and ticket market influenced …
Examining The Role Of Price Fairness In Sport Consumer Ticket Purchase Decisions, Stephen L. Shapiro, Brendan Dwyer, Joris Drayer
Examining The Role Of Price Fairness In Sport Consumer Ticket Purchase Decisions, Stephen L. Shapiro, Brendan Dwyer, Joris Drayer
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
Ticket pricing in professional sports is transitioning from a cost-based to demand-based approach. It has been argued that consumer perceptions of fairness regarding demand-based ticket pricing could influence purchase decisions. Perceptions of unfair pricing practices can lead to dissatisfaction and negatively affect purchase behavior. However, familiarity with demand-based pricing strategies could mitigate perceptions that real-time price fluctuations are unfair to the consumer. Guided by transaction utility theory, the current study examined the relationship between various ticket offers, consumer perceptions of fairness, familiarity, and intentions to purchase professional sports tickets. The findings support previous theory suggesting perceptions of fairness and purchase …
American College Football Division I Team Attachment: A Model For Sponsorship Effectiveness, Hsin-Chung Chen, Lamar Reams
American College Football Division I Team Attachment: A Model For Sponsorship Effectiveness, Hsin-Chung Chen, Lamar Reams
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
The purpose of this study was to examine sponsorship effectiveness at the Division I level, including the relationship between fans and sponsors. To collect the necessary data, the 13-item questionnaire was disseminated at two college football games by volunteer sampling at three Division I universities in the United States. With a total of 407 respondents, LISREL 8.52 and SPSS 17.0 were used to analyze the data for descriptive statistics, CFA, and SEM. By utilizing SEM, the variables of team attachment, sponsor image, word of mouth, and purchase intentions fit the proposed model. Pragmatically, the significance of team attachment can be …
Proceed To Checkout? The Impact Of Time In Advanced Ticket Purchase Decisions, Brendan Dwyer, Joris Drayer, Stephen L. Shapiro
Proceed To Checkout? The Impact Of Time In Advanced Ticket Purchase Decisions, Brendan Dwyer, Joris Drayer, Stephen L. Shapiro
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
When purchasing tickets in advance, sports consumers are often faced with uncertainty. Most notably, in today's real-time environment, it can be challenging for consumers to determine how ticket prices and seat availability will change over time. Guided by the generic advanced-booking decision model, the current study investigated the role of time, ticket source (primary or secondary market), and team identification in advanced ticket purchasing by exploring a consumer's perceptions of ticket availability and finding a lower price. The results suggest the perceived likelihood of ticket availability and finding a lower priced ticket increased as the date of the game drew …
Dynamic Ticket Pricing In Sport: An Agenda For Research And Practice, Joris Drayer, Stephen L. Shapiro, Seoki Lee
Dynamic Ticket Pricing In Sport: An Agenda For Research And Practice, Joris Drayer, Stephen L. Shapiro, Seoki Lee
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
For decades, the airline and hotel industries have regularly changed prices to keep pace with fluctuating levels of consumer demand. This demand-based approach to pricing is referred to as revenue management. Meanwhile, the sport industry has traditionally underpriced tickets using a cost-based approach in order to maximize attendance and promote fan satisfaction. However, as operating costs have grown, sport organizations are now forced to reconsider these conservative pricing practices. Subsequently, in 2009, the San Francisco Giants were the first team to utilize dynamic pricing, which is a strategy that mirrors the revenue management approach. While data supporting or refuting the …
Developing A Pricing Strategy For The Los Angeles Dodgers, Denise Linda Parris, Joris Drayer, Stephen L. Shapiro
Developing A Pricing Strategy For The Los Angeles Dodgers, Denise Linda Parris, Joris Drayer, Stephen L. Shapiro
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
In 2011, the Los Angeles Dodgers Stadium averaged 36,236 fans per game, dropping from 43,979 in 2010 and 46,440 in 2009, an overall loss of about 10,000 fans per game in just two years. In 2011, The Dodgers' attendance ranking fell from first to eleventh in Major League Baseball (MLB), which amounted to a loss of over 800,000 tickets sold per year, as well as the resulting revenue from concessions and parking. Despite the Dodgers' long and storied history, ticket demand had been negatively influenced by inconsistent performance, mounting bad publicity surrounding owner Frank McCourt's divorce, the beating of a …
Segmenting Motivation: An Analysis Of Fantasy Baseball Motives And Mediated Sport Consumption, Brendan Dwyer, Stephen L. Shapiro, Joris Drayer
Segmenting Motivation: An Analysis Of Fantasy Baseball Motives And Mediated Sport Consumption, Brendan Dwyer, Stephen L. Shapiro, Joris Drayer
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
Fantasy sport consumer behavior research is a burgeoning area of inquiry as this growing segment of sport fans exhibits unconventional, yet robust media consumption habits. In addition, consumer motivation and market segmentation represent core principles within the study of marketing, yet the integration of these two essential concepts with regard to sport consumers is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore fantasy baseball motives, develop a motive-based taxonomy of users, and quantify the differences between segments through an examination of mediated sport consumption. An exploratory hierarchal cluster analysis with a subsequent K-means analysis was conducted to determine the …
An Analysis Of Donor Involvement, Gender, And Giving In College Athletics, Stephen L. Shapiro, Lynn L. Ridinger
An Analysis Of Donor Involvement, Gender, And Giving In College Athletics, Stephen L. Shapiro, Lynn L. Ridinger
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
Involvement has been examined extensively within the consumer behavior literature. However, limited research exists concerning involvement and charitable contributions. Additionally, because of women's growing financial power, college athletic departments are increasingly interested in understanding how to attract greater numbers of female donors. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in donor involvement using Zaichkowsky's (1994) Personal Involvement Inventory (PII). Several demographic characteristics of donors were also compared by gender. A sample of 1,664 donors from three NCAA Division I universities participated in this study. The PII was found to be an adequate measure of donor …
Does Service Matter? An Examination Of Donor Perceptions Of Service Quality In College Athletics, Stephen L. Shapiro
Does Service Matter? An Examination Of Donor Perceptions Of Service Quality In College Athletics, Stephen L. Shapiro
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
Service quality has been recognized as a strategic tool for improving organizational performance. Many non-profit organizations have taken a market-based approach to fundraising, which enhances the importance of service excellence. The purpose of this investigation was to examine donor perceptions of service quality in college athletics. First, an adapted version of Sargeant's (2001) non-profit service quality instrument was examined to assess its appropriateness within the context of college athletic donors. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and validity and reliability analyses provided evidence of an adequate model fit. Subsequently, three multiple linear regression models were developed to examine the relationship between service …
Challenge Course Effectiveness: The Impact On Leadership Efficacy And Work Efficacy Among College Students, Theresa Odello, Eddie Hill, Edwin Gomez
Challenge Course Effectiveness: The Impact On Leadership Efficacy And Work Efficacy Among College Students, Theresa Odello, Eddie Hill, Edwin Gomez
Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications
Challenge courses have become increasingly popular in recent years. Many groups are turning to half-day challenge courses due to time and financial constraints. Yet, few studies have quantified the benefits of a half-day course. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of participation in a four-hour challenge course on leadership efficacy and work efficacy of college students. Pretest, posttest, and follow-up questionnaires were utilized. T-test analyses found that participating in a challenge course has a significant positive effect on increasing one’s leadership and work efficacy from pretest to posttest, after participation in a four-hour challenge course. This …