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International Tourism, Demand, And Gdp Implications: A Background And Empirical Analysis, Michael Brakke
International Tourism, Demand, And Gdp Implications: A Background And Empirical Analysis, Michael Brakke
Undergraduate Economic Review
International tourism, a primary source of growth for many countries, is inadequately represented in the economic literature. This paper attempts to expand upon past research, thereby supplementing some deficiencies and posing new questions. A pooled model for international tourism demand is constructed for 85 countries using fixed-effects specification. In addition to conventional variables, a variable representing political conditions acts as a proxy for the many exogenous impacts that affect tourism. The nature of tourism volatility due to the exogenous shocks is discussed, and a statistical link between concentrations in tourism as an export good and GDP volatility is explored.
Re-Examining Venture Capitalist Certification And Insider Selling Decisions During The 1990s., Nicholas S. Koshiw
Re-Examining Venture Capitalist Certification And Insider Selling Decisions During The 1990s., Nicholas S. Koshiw
University Avenue Undergraduate Journal of Economics
This paper addresses the validity of certification and insider selling hypotheses within the context of new issues. Comparisons of venture capital backed and non venture-backed issues with similar offering characteristics show that issuers with venture capital affiliation are more underpriced than non venture-backed IPOs and insider selling results in decreased underpricing. These results contradict the findings of previous venture capital certification studies {Barry (1990), Megginson and Weiss (1991), and Lin and Smith (1997)}, but are consistent with recent work that examines grandstanding {Lee and Wahal (2002)} and insider selling decisions during hot market periods {Ljungqvist and Wilhelm (2003)}.