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Tilting At Windmills? The Environmental Movement And The Emergence Of The U.S. Wind Energy Sector, Wesley Sine, Brandon Lee
Tilting At Windmills? The Environmental Movement And The Emergence Of The U.S. Wind Energy Sector, Wesley Sine, Brandon Lee
Brandon Lee
Through a study of the emergent U.S. wind energy sector, 1978–1992, this paper examines how large scale social movements external to an industry can influence the creation of new market opportunities and hence encourage entrepreneurship. We theorize that through the construction and propagation of cognitive frameworks, norms, values, and regulatory structures, and by offering a preexisting social structure, social movement organizations influence whether entrepreneurs attempt to start ventures in emerging sectors. We find that the direct and indirect effects of social resources (e.g., environmental groups) had a larger impact on entrepreneurial activity in this sector than the availability of natural …
The Infrastructure Of Collective Action And Policy Content Diffusion In The Organic Food Industry, Brandon Lee
The Infrastructure Of Collective Action And Policy Content Diffusion In The Organic Food Industry, Brandon Lee
Brandon Lee
Little is known about the relationship between industry self-regulation organizations and the diffusion of policy content. Using the organic food industry as a context, this study examines the relationship between local and federated standards-based certification organizations and specific changes in U.S. state laws. The study’s findings indicate that local structures correspond to greater legal innovation and elaboration, but less variation. Conversely, federated structures correspond to less legal innovation and elaboration, and greater content variation. These findings both challenge extant theories regarding organizational capacities of local and federated organizations and extend contemporary conceptions of diffusion.