Business Commons^™

International Strategies And Ethics, Jodie Fisher, Ingrid Bonn

Ingrid Bonn

In this paper, we identify and discuss three different levels of ethics that can be implemented by organisations pursuing global, transnational or multinational strategies. Our main argument is that an organisations's approach to ethics depends on its level and type of international strategy adopted. Organisations pursuing global or transnational strategies are likely to regard their approach to ethics as an important strategic decision that needs to be implemented in all subsidiaries around the world. Organisations with multinational strategies are likely to face tension between head-office and subsidiary management if they operate at different levels of ethics.

Performance Differences Across Strategic Groups: An Examination Of Financial Market-Based Performance Measures, J. Rajendran Pandian, Howard Thomas, Olivier Furrer, William C. Bogner

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

One of the more interesting issues in the strategic management field is the question of whether intra-industry performance differences exist, particularly across strategic groups. Most of the existing studies have used accounting measures of performance despite the documented weaknesses of such measures. This paper examines whether financial market-based measures of performance are superior to accounting-based measures in identifying performance differences across strategic groups. Hypotheses are tested on data from an existing sample of firms in the US pharmaceutical industry. The empirical results indicate that performance differences are more likely to exist across strategic groups when financial market performance measures are …

Adding Ecological Considerations To Environmental Accounting, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Environmental accounting has often neglected ecological costs. These are essential to complete a true cost accounting. Ecological costs are often very large and long term and if they are ignored the costs/benefits of projects are incorrectly calculated.

A Capabilities Perspective On The Effects Of Early Internationalization On Firm Survival And Growth, Harry J. Sapienza, Erkko Autio, Gerard George, Shaker A. Zahra

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Recent critiques of internationalization process models question the wisdom of delaying internationalization. Internationalizing late allows firms to assemble resources and gain experience but also allows inertia to develop. We resolve this tension by positing that internationalization has differing effects on firm survival and growth. These effects are moderated by organizational age, managerial experience, and resource fungibility. Our framework provides insights into the evolution of capabilities across borders and may be tested and built on by organization researchers.

Nshe/Ymp Nuclear Waste Cooperative Agreement, Raymond E. Keeler, Sherry Marks, Administrative Audit Report Team

Publications (YM)

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE) have established a Cooperative Agreement (Co-op) entitled: “Scientific & Engineering Studies of the High-Level Waste Repository at Yucca Mountain (DE-FC28-04RW12232). The Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies (HRC) administers the Co-op under project activity ORD-FY04-001. In accordance with 10 CFR 600.150, the HRC conducted an audit for the purpose of managing and monitoring project activities supported under the Co-op. The audit was limited to an investigation of technical productivity and schedule. Financial compliance and quality assurance compliance issues were outside the scope of this audit. …

Reconciling External Legitimacy And Organisational Implementation: The Case Of Service Planning In The Irish Health Services, Vivienne Byers

Conference Papers

Whereas, in many OECD countries strategic planning in health care has been in evidence since the 1970s, in Ireland the emergence of strategic management processes in health care planning didn’t occur until the 1990s. The Strategic Management Initiative (SMI), as outlined in Delivering Better Government (1996), gives Government commitment to ‘the reform of our institutions at national and local level to provide service, accountability and transparency’ and forms the backdrop to the Irish public service reforms. One of the central mechanisms of the SMI is the devolution of accountability and responsibility from the centre to executive agencies. Service planning in …

Which Ties Matter When? The Strategic Impact Of Network Linkages On Foreign Subsidiary Survival, Jing'an Tang, Paul W. Beamish

WCBT Faculty Publications

In addition to enriching the network theory by specifying the conditions under which business networks affect firm performance, our study contributes to the international strategic alliances literature in answering the questions of when to ally and with whom to ally for managers dealing with international expansions.

Afit 2007, Air Force Institute Of Technology, Mark Matthews

AFIT Documents

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Discourses Of Small Enterprise Proprietors, Brendan O'Rourke, Martyn Pitt

Conference papers

Over the last three decades the discourses of strategy and enterprise have developed significantly in the context of large corporate organizations and increasingly within and for the public sector. The discourses of strategy and enterprise have developed in relationship with each other and are generative of various attributes and dilemmas for the identity of the strategist/entrepreneur. This study looks at how these important discourses are deployed by small enterprise proprietors in periodical publishing in Ireland as they construct their business identities with one of the authors. Interview data from one proprietor is subjected to a discourse analysis drawing particularly on …

Partnering Strategies And Performance Of Smes' International Joint Ventures, Jane Wenzhen Lu, Paul W. Beamish

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The international joint venture (IJV) is an important mode in the internationalization of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Internationalization in turn is an entrepreneurial behavior in the pursuit of growth. Partnering strategies in the formation of IJVs can have significant effects on the outcome of SMEs' international expansion. In this study, we examine the performance implications of two types of resources contributed by SMEs' IJV partners, host country knowledge and size-based resources. We develop and test three sets of hypotheses about the longevity and financial performance of a sample of 1117 international joint ventures established in 43 countries by 614 …

Substitution Or Symbolic Effects? A Reexamination Of Corporate Governance And Firm Performance, Xuesong Geng, Dean Hennessy, Kimberly Bates

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In this paper, we use a sample of large Canadian corporations to test the substitution hypothesis and the symbolic hypothesis. We find that the positive effect of board independence on firm performance declines as managerial ownership increases. This effect becomes non-positive when highly concentrated managerial ownership makes independent board more symbolic than effective.

Strategic Investments In Japanese Corporations: Do Foreign Portfolio Owners Foster Underinvestment Or Appropriate Investment?, Parthiban David, Toru Yoshikawa, Murali D. R. Chari, Abdul A. Rasheed

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper investigates the effect of foreign ownership on strategic investments in Japanese corporations. Foreign owners are typically portfolio investors who frequently buy and sell shares and hold diversified portfolios of small stakes in many firms. Prior research has presented two conflicting perspectives on the role of such investors: (a) their frequent trading leads to pressure for short-term returns that fosters underinvestment; (b) their active trading fosters appropriate investments. We investigated the relationship between foreign ownership and strategic investments using dynamic panel data analysis of a sample of 146 Japanese manufacturing firms from 1991 to 1997. We found that foreign …

A Non-Credit Model For Real-Life Technology Transfer Experience For Cross-Disciplinary Student Teams, Paul Swamidass, Brian Wright

Paul Swamidass

This paper addresses several major issues of interest to ASEE’s Entrepreneurship Division. It covers (1) university technology transfer; (2) introducing technology IP protocol management to students; and (3) a model of working relationship with university technology transfer officers for the mutual benefit of university technology transfer and the training of university graduates with real-life technology transfer problems. Student reported benefits are included.

Managing Conflict To Build Consensus, Christine G. Springer

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Publications

The article discusses views on dealing with conflict to build consensus in strategic management. Fostering conflict to improve decision making while building consensus so essential to effective implementation demands the stimulation of debate, keeping conflict constructive, ascertaining that the process is fair and legitimate and being able to reach closure.

Psychological Capital Development: Toward A Micro-Intervention, Fred Luthans, James Avey, Bruce Avolio, Steven M. Norman, Gwendolyn Combs

Department of Management: Faculty Publications

After first providing the meaning of psychological capital (PsyCap), we present a micro-intervention to develop it. Drawn from hope, optimism, efficacy, and resiliency development, this PsyCap Intervention (PCI) is shown to have preliminary support for not only increasing participants’ PsyCap, but also financial impact and high return on investment.

Employee Incentives To Make Firm Specific Investment: Implications For Resource-Based Theories Of Corporate Diversification, Heli Wang, Jay B. Barney

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We argue that the risk associated with the value of a firm's core resources has an impact on employee decisions to make firm-specific investments, independent of the threat of opportunism that might exist in a particular exchange. We further explore mechanisms firms may adopt to mitigate the employee incentive problem stemming from the risk associated with core resource value. These arguments shed new light on resource-based theories of corporate diversification.

Swallowing An Elephant, Michiel E. Moll

Michiel E Moll

Predating the major higher education mergers, the Cape Technikon Library Service was faced with the incorporation of the Mowbray College of Education and Boland College of Education libraries in 2000. The actual stock of these two libraries was larger than that of the Technikon, and in addition, an institution that had a monolithic library structure was suddenly faced with coping with a more dispersed structure. Both Mowbray and Boland College (which was at Wellington, some 65 km away) were functioning libraries and the challenges were therefore to maintain functionality while changing and to keep the best from each library while …

Reducing Uncertainty In Effects-Based Operations, Wilburn B. Mclamb

Theses and Dissertations

Known as the fog of war, uncertainty has been prevalent in the conduct of military operations throughout human history. Intelligence collection efforts are tasked to reduce this uncertainty through the collection of information. Utilizing Shannon's entropy as a measure of the expected information gain due to an intelligence collection effort, a methodology is developed to prioritize and allocate intelligence assets in an efficient manner. Incorporated in this methodology are target priority and the requirement to reassess dynamic targets. The application area for the methodology is Effects-Based Operations. A generalized state model is developed to conduct adversary system-of-systems analysis. This model …

Knowledge Creation: Revisiting The 'Ba' Humbug: People And 'Latent' Knowledge In Organizational Learning, Donald Nordberg

Donald Nordberg

This paper is a draft of an article that appeared in the Icfai Journal of Knowledge Management in 2007. Knowledge management theory has struggled with the concept of knowledge creation. Since the seminal article of Nonaka in 1991, an industry has grown up seeking to capture the knowledge in the heads and hearts of individuals so as to leverage them for organizational learning and growth. But the SECI process of socialization, externalization, combination and internalization outlined by Nonaka and his colleagues has dealt essentially with knowledge transfer rather than creation. This paper looks at attempts to fill the gap in …

Application Of The Strategic Alignment Model And Information Technology Governance Concepts To Support Network Centric Warfare, Jennifer R. Valentine

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis analyzes the fields of E-Business and Network Centric Warfare (NCW) in order to identify gaps and overlaps within the two bodies of knowledge. Successful implementation of E-business is more than simply applying a technology to an existing business model. It is about evolving business processes and structures in order for the organization to accommodate for this new dynamic environment. This thesis proposes that while the two areas' success fundamentally resides in the implementation and exploitation of technology, it is only through sound IT Governance policies and strategic alignment practices that success can be measured. Technology has the ability …

Promoting Investments In Intangible Organizational Assets Through Aligned Incentive Compensation Plans, Susan B. Hughes, Craig B. Caldwell, Kathy A. Paulson Gjerde

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

In order for large companies to continue to compete and expand in the global business world, it is important that the performance and compensation of strategic business unit managers are aligned with the organization’s overall long-term goals and strategies.

The Quandary Of Serving Multiple Masters: An Institutional Exploratory Analysis Of Publishing In Business Law, James Belohlav

Publications – Dreihaus College of Business

No abstract provided.

Acorn Use As Food, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

The acorns from oaks (Quercus) and tan oaks (Lithocarpus) have been used as food for many thousands of years. They occur in the archaeological record of the early town sites in the Zagros Mountains, at Catal Hüyük (6000 BC), and oak trees were carefully inventoried by the Assyrians during the reign of Sargon II. In Europe, Asia, North Africa, the Mid-East, and North America, acorns were once a staple food. They are still a commercial food crop in several countries. Acorns are still harvested and used in several areas of the United States, most notably Southern Arizona and California. There …

Harnessing Growth Spillovers For Rural Development: The Effects Of Regional Spatial Structure, Edward Feser, Andrew Isserman

Edward J Feser

Many rural development strategies seek to leverage urban to-rural growth spillovers. This paper concludes that their success depends on the spatial structure surrounding the target rural counties. We develop a county-level spatial growth model to identify the positive spread and negative backwash effects of urban to rural spillovers in the lower 48 states over the 1990-2000 period. Instead of the conventional, fallacious substitution of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan for urban and rural, we consider the urban and rural character of each county. Mostcounties have both urban and rural populations, and we classify each as urban, mixed urban, or rural depending on …

Giving It Away : Free Technology Transfer To The Irish Sme Sector, Peter Kavanagh, Andy Maguire, James J. Casey

Articles

One of Europe’s major weaknesses lies in its inferiority in terms of transforming the results of technological research and skills into innovations and competitive advantages. (European Commission, 1995, p. 8.)

Technology transfer is a key aspect of economic development and research administration. These concerns are shared equally between academia and industry on both sides of the Atlantic. As technology is developed at a greater rate, concerns about the technology transfer will heighten. This article focuses on technology transfer in Ireland, particularly in the SME (Small and Medium size Enterprises, under 250 employees) sector. As the main Lisbon Objective has not …

The Use Of Near Misses In Maritime Safety Management, Zhixian. Wang

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Shenzhen Energy Group's Strategic Decision Of Logistics Service, Min Wu

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy In Central Asian Transition Economies: Quantitative And Qualitative Analyses, Fred Luthans, Elina Sharlezdvna Ibrayeva

Department of Management: Faculty Publications

In both quantitative and qualitative field studies, the self-efficacy of entrepreneurs in the transition economies of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan is examined. Using a social cognitive framework, the complex interaction among these entrepreneurs’ (N=133) personal characteristics, environment, and self-efficacy is analyzed by structural equation modeling. Their self-efficacy was found to have a direct and mediating impact on performance. Another sample of entrepreneurs from these countries (N=239) qualitatively assessed what they actually do in their day-to-day activities. The findings from these two studies contribute to better understanding and have implications for successful entrepreneurial practice in countries undergoing the difficult process of transition …

The Art Of Making Smart Big Moves, Paul Strebel, Anne-Valerie Ohlsson-Corboz

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

For many companies, incremental growth is not sufficient. The changing business landscape is forcing corporate leaders to learn how to reposition their businesses more fundamentally.

What Makes And What Does Not Make A Real Option? A Study Of International Joint Ventures, Ilya Cuypers, Xavier Martin

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper examines the boundaries of real options logic, with an application to joint ventures (JVs). We distinguish between forms of uncertainty that are resolved endogenously and those that are resolved exogenously, and theorize that only exogenous uncertainty will have the impact predicted by real options theory on a foreign investor's choice of how large an equity share to take in a JV. We theorize that macroeconomic and institutional variables generate exogenous uncertainty whereas, by contrast, cultural distance and choices pertaining to corporate scope and product or process development activities involve endogenous sources of uncertainty that investors can both assess …