Business Commons^™

Defining The 'Social' In 'Social Entrepreneurship': Altruism And Entrepreneurship, Wee Liang Tan, John N. Williams, Teck Meng Tan

John N. WILLIAMS

What is social entrepreneurship? In, particular, what’s so social about it? Understanding what social entrepreneurship is enables researchers to study the phenomenon and policy-makers to design measures to encourage it. However, such an understanding is lacking partly because there is no universally accepted definition of entrepreneurship as yet. In this paper, we suggest a definition of social entrepreneurship that intuitively accords with what is generally accepted as entrepreneurship and that captures the way in which entrepreneurship may be altruistic. Based on this we provide a taxonomy of social entrepreneurship and identify a number of real cases from Asia illustrating the …

Aldi In Australia, Ingrid Bonn

Ingrid Bonn

Extract: In 1948, the brothers Theo and Karl Albrecht opened the grocery store ‘Albrecht Discounts’ (Aldi) in Essen (Ruhr Valley), Germany. The store had a simple layout and offered a restricted number of products at a low price. The company grew rapidly, owning 13 stores in 1950 and about 300 stores in 1961 across Germany. In 1961, Theo and Karl divided the company into Aldi North (run by Theo) and Aldi South (run by Karl). The reasons for this division, according to Dieter Brandes, a former managing director of Aldi in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were different views about how to develop …

Core Values In Hospitals: A Comparative Study, James Belohlav

James A. Belohlav

No abstract provided.

Selection For Service And Sales Jobs, John P. Hausknecht, Angela M. Langevin

John Hausknecht

[Excerpt] This chapter provides a review of selection research for service and sales occupations and is organized into three major sections. First, we describe the nature of service and sales work and define the competencies that underlie success in these jobs. Second, we summarize past research concerning the methods that have been used to select service and sales employees with attention to issues of validity, applicant reactions, and adverse impact. Finally, we discuss the implications of this body of work for practice and future research, highlighting several important but often overlooked issues concerning selection system design for this critical segment …

Why High And Low Performers Leave And What They Find Elsewhere: Job Performance Effects On Employment Transitions, Charlie Trevor , John Hausknecht , Michael Howard

John Hausknecht

Little is known about how high and low performers differ in terms of why they leave their jobs, and no work examines whether pre-quit job performance matters for post-quit new-job outcomes. Working with a sample of approximately 2,500 former employees of an organization in the leisure and hospitality industry, we find that the reported importance of a variety of quit reasons differs both across and within performance levels. Additionally, we use an ease-of-movement perspective to predict how pre-quit performance relates to post-quit employment, new-job pay, and new-job advancement opportunity. Job type, tenure, and race interacted with performance in predicting new-job …

Ilr Impact Brief - Deconstructing Absenteeism: Satisfaction, Commitment, And Unemployment, John Hausknecht, Nathan J. Hiller, Robert J. Vance

John Hausknecht

[Excerpt] Group attitudes about satisfaction and commitment are negatively associated with absenteeism and interact in predicting absenteeism at the unit level. The effects are particularly strong in areas where jobs are plentiful but fade away where jobs are scarce. In other words, higher levels of absenteeism in a work group are associated with lower levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in labor markets with low unemployment, and vice versa. Organizational commitment is the crucial factor: absenteeism is higher in work units with low levels of commitment regardless of the level of satisfaction. Group norms about absenteeism and other contextual …

Retesting In Selection: A Meta-Analysis Of Practice Effects For Tests Of Cognitive Ability, John P. Hausknecht, Jane A. Halpert, Nicole T. Di Paolo, Meghan O. Moriarty Gerrard

John Hausknecht

Previous studies indicate that as many as 25-50% of applicants in organizational and educational settings are retested with measures of cognitive ability. Researchers have shown that practice effects are found across measurement occasions such that scores improve when these applicants retest. This study uses meta-analysis to summarize the results of 50 studies of practice effects for tests of cognitive ability. Results from 107 samples and 134,436 participants revealed an adjusted overall effect size of .26. Moderator analyses indicated that effects were larger when practice was accompanied by test coaching, and when identical forms were used. Additional research is needed to …

Campaspe And Murray Shires Infrastructure Gap Analysis Report, Nadine E. White, Jeremy Buultjens, Rose Wright, Meredith Lawrence

Nadine E White

No abstract provided.

The 'New Responsibility Paradigm': Implications For Strategic Competitiveness, Art Stewart

Art Stewart

No abstract provided.

Creating And Appropriating Value In Alliance Portfolios Through Portfolio Composition And Structure, Joseph P. O'Connor Jr.

Joseph P. O'Connor Jr.

This paper advances theory on firm alliance portfolio value creation and appropriation by examining alliance portfolio composition and structure decisions. Using organizational learning, social capital and transaction cost economics theories, this research explores firm alliance portfolio value maximization while pursuing exploratory and exploitative business strategies. This paper formulates a dynamic approach to alliance portfolio management theory through its alliance portfolio composition and structure propositions that identify desirable new member attributes and preferred alliance network configurations.

Pathway To Organizational Ambidexterity: Why And How Firm Exploitation Promotes Its Future Exploration, Joseph O'Connor

Joseph P. O'Connor Jr.

This paper addresses the challenge that firms face in pursuing organizational ambidexterity because of the tendency for firm exploitation to crowd out firm exploration. Overcoming this challenge, this paper outlines why and how firm exploitation promotes its future exploration in the context of the firm’s product innovation process. March’s (1991) exploration-exploitation choice multitheoretical perspectives are employed to identify exploration and exploitation as distinct innovation learning processes that produce unique innovation outcomes: exploration creates product invention while exploitation generates product adoption and product innovation. This paper explains why firms choose to invest in either future exploration or future exploitation, and how …

Knowledge, Capabilities And Manufacturing Innovation: A Us-Europe Comparison, Stephen Roper, Jan Youtie, Philip Shapira, Andrea Fernandez-Ribas

Andrea Fernandez-Ribas

This paper presents a comparative analysis of factors contributing to the innovation performance of manufacturing firms in Georgia (USA), Wales (UK), the West Midlands (UK), and Catalonia (Spain). Enabled by comparable survey data, multivariate probit models are developed to estimate how various types of firms’ innovative activities are influenced by links to external knowledge sources, internal resources, absorptive capacity, and public innovation support. The results suggest the potential for mutual learning. For the European study regions there are insights about how universities in Georgia support innovation. For Georgia and Catalonia there are lessons from UK firms about better capturing potential …

The Emergence Of Social Science Research In Nanotechnology, Philip Shapira, Jan Youtie, Alan L. Porter

Philip Shapira

This article examines the development of social science literature focused on the emerging area of nanotechnology. It is guided by the exploratory proposition that early social science work on emerging technologies will draw on science and engineering literature on the technology in question to frame its investigative activities, but as the technologies and societal investments in them progress, social scientists will increasingly develop and draw on their own body of literature. To address this proposition the authors create a database of nanotechnology-social science literature by merging articles from the Web of Science’s Social Science Citation Index and Arts and Humanities …

Strategic Segmentation In Frontline Services: Matching Customers, Employees, And Human Resource Systems, Rosemary Batt

Rosemary Batt

This paper examines variation in the use of high involvement work practices in service and sales operations. I argue that the relationship between the customer and frontline service provider is a central feature that distinguishes production-level service activities from manufacturing. In particular, through strategic segmentation, firms are able to segment customers by their demand characteristics and to match the complexity and potential revenue stream of the customer to the skills of employees and the human resource system that shapes the customer-employee interface. Unlike manufacturing, where high involvement systems have emerged in a wide variety of product markets, therefore, service organizations …

E-Government Challenge In Disaster Evacuation Response: The Role Of Rfid Technology In Building Safe And Secure Local Communities, A. Chatfield, S. F. Wamba, T. Hirokazu

Dr Samuel Fosso Wamba

While geographic information systems (GIS) can provide information on the static locations of critical infrastructure and evacuation routes, they do not provide the dynamically changing locations of things and people on the move. In contrast, radio frequency identification (RFID) wireless network technology can automatically identify and track the movement of assets (i.e., fire engines, ambulances, and rescue workers) and vulnerable citizens on the move (i.e., the elderly and the disabled), and hence providing local governments and communities with real-time information and enhanced decision-making capabilities, during chaotic disaster response operations (i.e., evacuation). Although the potential high impact and strategic value of …

Using Historic Mutinies To Understand Defiance In Modern Organizations., Ray Coye, Patrick Murphy, Patricia Spencer

Patrick J. Murphy

Purpose: Guided by voice and leadership theory, we articulate the underpinnings of upward defiance (competence deficiency; ignorance of concerns; structural gaps between echelons) and describe the managerial actions that help depose those underpinnings. Design / Methodology / Approach: We analyze 30 historic narrative accounts of actual mutinies. The journalistic accounts from bygone eras provide unparalleled insight into the basic dynamics of mutiny and provide novel insights into organizational defiance. Findings: Our principal findings show that the underpinnings of mutiny in organizations derive from three foundations: disconnections between authority echelons, modes of addressing member disgruntlement, and the need for management to …

Managing Medical Bills On The Brink Of Bankruptcy, Melissa B. Jacoby, Mirya Holman

Melissa B. Jacoby

This paper presents original empirical evidence on financial interactions between medical providers and their patients who go bankrupt. We use a nationally representative sample of people who filed for bankruptcy in 2007 to compare two popular but hotly contested methods of measuring medical burden. By applying both methods to the same filers, we find that nearly four out of five respondents had some financial obligation for medical care not covered by insurance in the two years prior to filing as measured by the survey method. The court record method paints a different picture, with only half of the cases containing …

The Transgenerational Family Effect On New Venture Growth Strategy., D. Pistrui, Patrick J. Murphy, A. Deprez-Sims

Patrick J. Murphy

We examine family-based resiliencies and transgenerational phenomena in family business contexts and introduce the transgenerational family effect (TFE) construct. The TFE influences long-term strategy and culture in family-based entrepreneurial ventures. We clarify the boundaries of the construct based on evidence from 414 cases in the panel study of entrepreneurial dynamics. Then, we operationalise it with two-by-two permutations of family membership and strategic tradition. Finally, we develop and assess hypotheses about venture strategic vision, growth orientation and wealth orientation. Our findings suggest that the TFE promotes vision and wealth creation across generations in family businesses

Licensing And Patent Protection, Aniruddha Bagchi, Arijit Mukherjee

Aniruddha Bagchi

Entrepreneurship Education Trends, Todd A. Finkle

Todd A Finkle

Suchen Sie Mir Einen Kreativen!, Beat Habegger

Beat Habegger

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Bibliographic Control In The Web Environment, Karen S. Calhoun

Karen S Calhoun

Cataloging and metadata services have reached a crossroads. The digital age presents fundamental challenges to building and describing collections of interest to the communities that libraries serve. Since the advent of the Web, what has been fundamental to libraries and higher education, what has constituted professional wisdom and best practice-all have been disrupted by new conditions. This article describes the environment in which libraries are operating and identifies the key trends driving change in metadata creation and management. It also outlines the characteristics of a next-generation metadata creation and management platform for libraries, which the OCLC cooperative is planning, to …

Define Dignity, Catholic Institutions And Bullying In The Workplace.Pdf, Craig B. Mousin

Craig B. Mousin