Business Commons^™

From Fan Avidity To Nil Ramifications: An Assessment Of The Attitudes Held By American University Students On An Array Of Sports Issues, Sam Fullerton, Tammy Mccullough

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2024

A sample of 667 students drawn from seven universities in various regions of the United States provided feedback regarding 11 specific sports-related issues. These issues include the new NIL rules, fan avidity, and athlete compensation along with several other issues that are commonly addressed in the popular media. Means and percentages were used to derive aggregate measures for the respondents, and the same measures were used to assess the responses based upon one’s gender. For all 11 variables under scrutiny, a statistically significant difference was documented for the two gender-based groups. Thus, it is apparent that the market of intercollegiate …

Platform Of Growth: An Analysis Of Earnings And Social Media Engagement Among Esports Athletes, Colleen Marie Dibble

Theses and Dissertations

Esports consists of online gaming, cyber sport, and virtual sport in a highly competitive environment. The industry has grown tremendously over the last 30 years (Leroux-Parra, 2020). Professional esports competitions are often now contested with a large scale, global audience, and millions of dollars potentially at stake in some competitions. Hundreds of esports athletes earn a living from the multi-billion-dollar esports industry. In addition to players earning salaries and prize pool money in a professional setting, many colleges have offered scholarships to enrolled students and have begun to offer esports-related curriculums (Dominguez, 2022). Networks such as ABC, ESPN, and TBS …

The Female Sports Fan Experience: How Women Consume Sports And How Sports Are Marketed To Women, Natalie Elser

Senior Theses

This study analyzes the growing subsection of female sports fans. Through a review of scholarly research articles, this study examines female sports fan motivations and behaviors and how they differ from the classic male sports fan. Additionally, this study aims to investigate how sports marketing executives try to appeal to women as sports consumers and how these practices have begun to change in recent years. This study will provide a summary of existing research on female sports fans along with a review of marketing initiatives used to engage female sports fans.

The Role Of Coach’S Gender On Coaching Self-Efficacy For Division Iii Female Student-Athletes, Nicholas M. Swim, Khirey B. Walker, Robert Turick, Lawrence W. Judge

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

The landscape of women in college sports has improved dramatically since the enactment of Title IX in 1972. Participation rates and funding have increased, providing a more inclusive environment for female student-athletes to compete. However, females ascending to leadership positions within the NCAA has experienced a downward trend. Currently, males hold the majority of athletic director positions and serve as head coaches on over half of female varsity sport teams. This may be detrimental to female student-athletes as women in leadership positions provide same-gender role models and mentors relationships for female student-athletes. The purpose of this study is to examine …

Virtual Games Meet Physical Playground: Exploring And Measuring Motivations For Live Esports Event Attendance, Haozhou Pu

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

The spectacular rise of esports and its live events have drawn increasing interests from sport and leisure studies. Little information, however, is known on motives behind spectators’ attendance of esports events. Based on a mixed-method design consisting of data collected in cross-cultural settings, we developed and validated an eight-factor measurement scale related to the motives of attending live esports events. In this study, we contend that esports event creates a space where virtual and physical experience are mutually constituted. While motives found in traditional sports and event research are present in the current study, motives unique to esports events are …

Gender Differences In The Pay Of Professional Basketball Players, Nola Agha, David Berri

Sport Management

In 1891, James Naismith invented the game of basketball at Springfield College to find something for male students at the school to do during the New England winter. The next year Senda Berenson organized the first women’s basketball game with slightly different rules 25 miles away at Smith College (Hult & Trekell, 1991). By 1900, the game had spread to colleges, high schools, and amateur clubs across the country (Emery & Toohey-Costa, 1991). Although both men and women have essentially played this game since its introduction, the men's game has generally received a much greater share of attention and funding. …

The Playing Experiences Of Esport Participants: An Analysis Of Treatment Discrimination And Hostility In Esport Environments, Lindsey Darvin, Ryan Vooris, Tara Mahoney

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

The eSport industry has seen rapid growth over the previous decade with additional opportunities for participants to compete in competitive and casual environments. As such, the sport industry has taken notice of this increase in popularity and exposure for eSport. A recent call to arms by sport management scholars suggests that the field of sport management needs to broaden research endeavors to include analyses of eSport and eSport spaces. To that end, this investigation serves as one of the first that investigates the playing experiences of eSport participants with a particular focus on the presence of discrimination and hostility in …

Controversial And Global Issues Fantasy Sports' Outcomes, Amber A. Smith-Ditizio, Alan D. Smith, Walter Kendall

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Alcohol Consumption On Academic Success And Athletic Identity In Collegiate Student-Athletes, Zoe E. Arnold

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Upon entering college in the United States, students are exposed to alcohol and, relatedly, the potentially dangerous experiences and effects that come with consuming alcohol. This is especially true for collegiate student-athletes, who have been found to have the highest consumption rate among student groups on campus. The purpose of the study was to understand the relationship between how student-athletes at a focus university, a Division I member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, experience alcohol consumption, how their consumption affects their academic grade point average (GPA), and how athletic identity plays a role in their experiences. While the research …

Does Golf Have A Pink Problem?, Kelly Price-Rhea

ETSU Faculty Works

I love my pink glove. My last bag was pink. I am glad I had the pink option when I purchased these items. But the question remains, why must golf continue to place such deep division within many of its product lines which continues to fuel the gendering (and arguably sexism) of golf?

The Impact Of The Gender Of The Coach On The Type Of Motivational Climate That Is Established On A College Athletics Team, Zola Pieterse

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to investigate the connection between the gender of the coach and the perceived motivational climate that is established on a college sports team. Eighty-eight athletes completed the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2) to assess their perceptions of the motivational climate that is established on a college sports team. The study further investigated the influence of the gender of the athlete, as well as the athlete's preference for either an Ego-oriented or Task-oriented motivational climate. No statistically significant correlation were found between the gender of the coach, the gender of the athlete, and …

Incivility In The Workplace: The Experiences Of Female Sport Management Faculty In Higher Education, Elizabeth A. Taylor, Robin Hardin, Natalie Welch, Allison B. Smith

Faculty Publications

Access to higher education for women has dramatically increased in the United States during the past 50 years. Female college graduates have reversed the figures and gone from being outnumbered by their male counterparts 3 to 2 in the 1970s, to now outnumbering male college graduates 3 to 2. Women also graduate from masters and doctoral programs at a higher rate than men.

However, increases in the number of women obtaining college and advanced degrees has not translated to comparable representation in faculty positions or leadership roles in higher education. This lack of women in leadership positions, as well as …

Pancho's Racket And The Long Road To Professional Tennis, Gregory I. Ruth

Dissertations

Historians have written little on sports in the United States compared to other topics. They have had even less to say about tennis than other popular sports in large part because the original research necessary to complete a full treatment of the history of the game appeared too daunting to undertake. By contrast, this study has made use of over a dozen arcHIVal collections around the country, many of which researchers have never used before, to tell the story of how tennis went from an amateur sport closely guarded by economic elitists and cultural purists to a professional sport thoroughly …

Cohesion And Factors Of Sport, Jordan T. Schofield

Sport Management Undergraduate

This research was done to see how player demographics and other factors of sport effect team cohesion of a soccer program at a Division III level. In this study different demographics such as year in college, transfer status, and how many years you have been playing were explored to see if they impacted the amount of cohesion on the team. Additionally, other factors of sport such as gender, coaching styles, effective student leaders, the wins and goals met as a team, and how athletes interact off the field were also taken into consideration and compared to the amount of cohesion …

Wage Gaps In Professional Sports, Bill Elgersma

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"If America actually cares about wage parity in professional athletics, the country is going to need to show up—literally."

Posting about wage and gender equity in athletics from In All Things - an online hub committed to the claim that the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ has implications for the entire world.

http://inallthings.org/wage-gaps-in-professional-sports/

Assessing The "Goodness Of Fit" Between Scholarly Assertions And Audience Interpretations Of Media Images Of Black Male Athletes, Emily J. Houghton

Human Performance Department Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the "goodness of fit" in sport media research, specifically how audiences interpret media images of Black male athletes and the ways in which their interpretations "fit" with scholarly assertions pertaining to racially marked media depictions. Participants in the study (n=36) were part of eight focus groups segmented by age, gender and race. They viewed and discussed mainstream media images of Black male athletes found on major American sport media websites (ESPN.com and SI.com). The images corresponded with five categories of representation found in the literature: highly competent/natural athlete, exotic savage, deviant, emotionally …

Head Coaching Motivation Of Millennial Generation Female Assistant Coaches, Erin Morris

All Theses

Title IX facilitated an increase in the number of female athletes in the United States. However, the rate of female coaches of women's teams has declined since Title IX's passage in 1972, currently only 43% of women's teams are coached by women. Previous research has explored barriers to coaching for women, but limited research has looked at women's intent to coach. The purpose of this study was to examine what influences millennial generation, Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, female assistant coaches' decision to pursue careers as head coaches.
This study was grounded in feminist standpoint theory as the goal was …

The 2010 Racial And Gender Report Card: National Basketball Association, Richard Lapchick, Christopher Kaiser, Christina Russell, Natalie Welch

Faculty Publications

The Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport (TIDES) at the University of Central Florida publishes the Racial and Gender Report Card to indicate areas of improvement, stagnation, and regression in the racial and gender composition of professional and college sports personnel and to contribute to the improvement of integration in front office and college athletics department positions. Each year the National Basketball Association (NBA) has made progress in almost all categories examined for both race and gender.

The NBA continues to set the standard for the industry as the leader on issues related to race and gender hiring practices. …

Title Ix And It's Effect On Collegiate Athletics, Holly J. Schmidtbauer

Culminating Projects in Kinesiology

No abstract provided.