Business Commons^™

The Effects Of Visuals On Social Media Engagement Poster, Katherine Penkala

Katherine Penkala

No abstract provided.

Americans, Marketers, And The Internet: 1999-2012, Joseph Turow, Amy Bleakley, John Bracken, Michael X. Delli Carpini, Nora A. Draper, Lauren Feldman, Nathaniel Good, Jens Grossklags, Michael Hennessy, Chris Jay Hoofnagle, Rowan Howard-Williams, Jennifer King, Su Li, Kimberly Meltzer, Deirdre K. Mulligan, Lilach Nir

Chris Jay Hoofnagle

This is a collection of the reports on the Annenberg national surveys that explored Americans' knowledge and opinions about the new digital-marketing world that was becoming part of their lives. So far we’ve released seven reports on the subject, in 1999, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2010, and 2012. The reports raised or deepened a range of provocative topics that have become part of public, policy, and industry discourse. In addition to these reports, I’ve included three journal articles — from I/S, New Media & Society and the Journal of Consumer Affairs — that synthesize some of the findings and place …

World Cup 2014: Macromarketing Views From Croatia, Clifford J. Shultz

Clifford J Shultz

309 World Cup 2014: Macromarketing Views from Croatia Bruno Grbac, University of Rijeka, Croatia Clifford Shultz, Loyola University Chicago, USA This extended abstract is an abriged version of a longer document articulating a study on the effects of the FIFA World Cup, an organizationally, financially, economically and politically demanding quadrennial sporting spectacle that affects billions of global citizens. This reality raises questions about the effects of the World Cup on the marketing system of the host country and the participating countries, as well as institutions and people in them. As a step toward sharing insights the authors analyzed secondary data …

Revisiting Marketing As Constructive Engagement: Linking Policies And Managerial Practices, Clifford J. Shultz

Clifford J Shultz

Policies that initiate or support responsible micromarketing institutions and practices can be some of the most important catalysts to socioeconomic development and sustainable peace and prosperity, particularly in distressed or devastated political economies. Such polices and the accordant positive marketing forces might be considered a form of constructive engagement. The consideration of constructive engagement, including the idea that managerial marketing can be complementary to macromarketing, is gaining currency among some macromarketers, and is explored in this presentation. The author discusses some evolving successful cases from fieldwork in developing, devastated, transitioning and/or recovering economies.

War, Civil Unrest, Failed States, And Other Extreme Threats To Marketing Systems, Clifford J. Shultz, Samer Abdelnour

Clifford J Shultz

Well-functioning markets and marketing systems are intended to enhance and to sustain the survivability and security of societies and the people who comprise them (e.g., Fisk 1967; Layton 2007; McMillen 2002; Shultz 2007; Wilkie and Moore 1999; World Bank 2014). For myriad reasons – natural or human-induced cataclysms and resource scarcity to list a few examples – marketing systems sometimes are disrupted or fracture (e.g., Shultz 1997; in press). This can have profound and often horrific effects on individuals, families, communities, countries, regions, and occasionally – at least twice in the form of two World Wars – global upheaval. The …

The Fifa World Cup: Analyses And Interpretations Of The World’S Biggest Sporting Spectacle, Clifford J. Shultz, Rodrigo Castilhos, Andres Alberto Barrios Fajardo, Bruno Grbac, Andreas Chatzidakis, Alexander Nill, Almir Peštek

Clifford J Shultz

This special session assembles scholars from various countries with keen interests in the marketing and societal dynamics of the world’s most popular sporting spectacle, the FIFA World Cup. It builds on a stream of research in, for example, ethology (e.g., Morris 1981) economics (e.g., Kuper and Szymanski 2014) consumer behavior (e.g., Shultz 1998; Tavassoli, Shultz and Fitzimons 1995), marketing (e.g., Shultz et al. 2010) and macromarketing (Shultz and Burgess 2011) that explores the systemic complexities of this enormous, global extravaganza and the extent to which it benefits and/or harms myriad players, fans, local and global consumers, companies, governments, societies and …

Marketing An End To War: Constructive Engagement, Community Wellbeing, And Sustainable Peace, Clifford J. Shultz

Clifford J Shultz

Markets and marketing are integral to human welfare and survival. When used however for the purposes of war and other systemically violent conflict, they can be devastating and pose an existential threat to humanity. Drawing on experience in war-ravaged and recovering economies, the author examines a stream of research on marketing systems disrupted or destroyed by war. Some underlying conditions and predictors of war and its peaceful resolution are introduced, including social traps and their mitigation or elimination. An argument is revisited for marketing as a form of constructive engagement, which must be implemented to affect and to develop equitable …

Devastation And Rebirth: A Longitudinal Study Of Bosnia’S Arizona Market, With Implications For Markets, Marketing And Society, Ruzica Brecic, Clifford J. Shultz, Katherine Sredl, Natasa Renko

Clifford J Shultz

In this presentation, we share findings from a longitudinal study—twenty years and counting—on the role of Arizona in the war and the peace in this highly contested region of Bosnia. Data were/are collected via site observations and retrospective interviews to explore the emergence of entrepreneurship in Brčko, Bosnia before, during and after the war. A synthesis and assessment of findings led to the exploration of the ways that the terms of Dayton and the implementation of Dayton by NATO IFOR, Task Force Eagle, 1st Armored Division (November and December 1995) and 1st Infantry Division (1996-2004), US Army, contributed to the …

A Study Of Golfers In Tennessee, Kelly Price-Rhea

Kelly Price-Rhea

The purpose of this study was to investigate preferred shopping behaviors of golfers in the state of Tennessee. While much research has been done on retail shopping behavior in general, little exists regarding shopping behavior in sport retail, and more specifically golf retail. While golfer behavior has been researched in other areas such as tourism, it has not been fully researched in the sport or retail literature. Since this segment of consumer spends millions of dollars per year, this study was conducted to fill the gap in the literature regarding this unique consumer. An online survey was distributed among a …

Price Dispersion In The Airline Industry: A Conceptual Framework And Empirical Analysis, Edward D. Gailey, Ashutosh Dixit, Thomas W. Whipple, Rajshekar G. Javalgi

Thomas Whipple

Many businesses compete in multiple markets which can cause businesses to temper their price adjustments, affecting price dispersion. The authors propose a framework based on major characteristics of competition and market structure which influence price dispersion. The focus of this study is the U.S. airline industry analyzing data from 5,974 city pair routes. The results of this empirical analysis show that multi-market contact and the interaction of market concentration with multi-market contact have considerable effects on price dispersion. An understanding of these effects provides valuable insights for developing pricing strategies and extending the stream of research on price dispersion.

Case Study: Sexism In Advertising And Airlines, Tamilla Curtis, Anke Arnaud Ph.D., Blaise Waguespack

Dr. Anke Arnaud

This case study outlines an ethical dilemma faced by a young female student who is planning to buy airline tickets. Her purchase decision is influenced by cost and advertising strategies. The case discusses advertising ethics, ethical moral philosophies, including teleology and deontology, and sexist advertising with examples from the airline industry. This case will be beneficial for marketing students to discuss the topic of advertising ethics, and for business students to discuss the topic of organizational ethics. Students enrolling in aviation related classes will also benefit from this case. The teaching notes for instructors are available upon request.

Learning Through International Strategic Alliances: Processes And Factors That Enhance Marketing Strategy Effectiveness, Gregory E. Osland, Attila Yaprak

Gregory E. Osland

Intensified competitive, technological, and market pressures have made organizational learning a critical imperative in global strategy effectiveness. Firms can learn through experience and from three processes that involve other firms: imitation, grafting, and synergism. Interpartner learning has become critical, since experiential learning is insufficient for most firms. Responds to calls for a broadened role of marketing and synthesizes and extends research from organization behaviour and strategic management to the field of marketing to fuel further academic inquiry. Based on an extension of Chandler′s strategy‐structure‐performance paradigm, develops propositions on how the environment, organizational culture, strategy, and structure can affect a company′s …

Case Study: Sexism In Advertising And Airlines, Tamilla Curtis, Anke Arnaud Ph.D., Blaise Waguespack

Dr. Tamilla Curtis

This case study outlines an ethical dilemma faced by a young female student who is planning to buy airline tickets. Her purchase decision is influenced by cost and advertising strategies. The case discusses advertising ethics, ethical moral philosophies, including teleology and deontology, and sexist advertising with examples from the airline industry. This case will be beneficial for marketing students to discuss the topic of advertising ethics, and for business students to discuss the topic of organizational ethics. Students enrolling in aviation related classes will also benefit from this case. The teaching notes for instructors are available upon request.

Impact Of Internet And Social Media On Organisational Change Of Otc Medicines Marketing Management, Vasja Roblek

Vasja Roblek

Pharmaceutical companies have been forced to change their approach to selling over-the-counter (OTC) medicines because of the increased pressure on sales margins. The development of Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and social media technologies allow low-cost online marketing, including e-commerce. An organisational adaptation has to cope with the changes in the OTC drug market is required because of the widespread use of the internet and social media. The increased importance of digital media for marketing has convinced the OTC medical industry to include the use of social media in its customer relationship management strategy. Qualitative research on the impact of the …

A Review Of Consumer Judgment And Choice, Michael D. Johnson, Christopher P. Puto

Michael D. Johnson

Whether the goal is to improve or predict consumer decisions, understanding human judgment and choice processes long has been recognized as an essential component in the study of marketing. Though several reviews of judgment and choice research have been published recently (Abelson and Levi 1985; Einhom and Hogarth 1981; Pitz and Sachs 1984; Slovic, Lichtenstein, and Fischhoff 1985), relatively little attention has been given to the growing body of knowledge on consumer (including industrial buyer) judgment and choice. Consumer judgment and choice researchers face unique conceptual, contextual, and methodological problems that warrant special attention.

Retrenchment In Higher Education: Public Perceptions And Marketing Implications, Oscar T. Mcknight, Ronald Paugh, Jamie Waltz, Jordan Mcknight

Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.

Many institutions in higher education are actively engaged in the retrenchment process; that is, eliminating, redacting or restructuring administrators, staff, faculty, programs and services in order to achieve financial stability. This research examined public perceptions of retrenchment by conducting a series of modified Delphi groups. Results suggest a public awareness and belief that retrenchment will not impact academic or experiential quality. Presented is REDUCE – a retrenchment strategy and process for university administrators and marketing professionals.

Creative Collaboration: Maximizing Resources For Multi-Collection Exhibits, Jillian M. Slater, Nichole M. Rustad

Nichole M Rustad

This presentation illustrates the collaborative, multi-format approach used in preparing an exhibit of archival materials on the 1913 Dayton flood at the University of Dayton Libraries. Originally formed due to the absence of a University Archivist, the small planning committee was able to combine areas of expertise including archives, history, graphic design, video/audio production, marketing, and digitization. The collaborative process facilitated a creative approach resulting in a unique, interactive exhibit utilizing audio, video, original materials, reproductions, a permanent digital component, and a discussion panel event. The presenters will also discuss how the planning committee maximized available resources (without a budget) …

Marketing In The Field Of Information Disciplines: Research Trends In Latin America (1985-2012), Carlos Luis González-Valiente

Carlos Luis González-Valiente

This study seeks to clarify research trends related to marketing in the field of information disciplines from Latin American scientific production. As a reference source, we used the electronic journals indexed in the Latindex Directory. Some bibliometric indicators were applied to 108 documents; these indicators were as follows: productivity by year, journals, authors, language, and finally term cooccurrence analysis. It was evident that the highest rate of productivity was found in Brazilian journals and authors, and in the Portuguese language. The four main clusters in term co-occurrence analysis in the most relevant topics were as follows: marketing of the information …

Marketing An Established Institutional Repository: Marquette Libraries’ Research Stewardship Survey, Rose Fortier, Emily Laws

Rose Fortier

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the results of Marquette University Libraries’ survey measuring faculty knowledge and attitudes about the institution’s repository, for the purposes of creating a marketing plan for the institutional repository (IR). Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a quantitative approach through the use of a survey. Findings Like many other endeavors to measure faculty engagement with the IR, the investigators discovered that faculty knowledge of the IR is not universal. Moreover, the perceived values and motivators for faculty use of the IR were also not surprising, with faculty viewing online dissemination of their work to …

Marketing The Ir: Strategies From The Marquette Survey, Rose Fortier

Rose Fortier

Marquette University’s institutional repository, e-Publications@Marquette, was established in 2008 for the deposit of faculty publications and research. Despite active participation by some faculty, universal participation remains an elusive goal. During the spring of 2013, faculty participation and needs were assessed via survey and compared to the IR’s capabilities in addressing those needs. Based upon the assessment survey and the IR’s available resources, a marketing plan and promotional strategies were created. The presentation will include analysis of the survey results and how they informed the creation of a marketing plan. Details of the marketing plan will be discussed as well as …

Marketing Athletic Clubs, Recreation Centers And Country Clubs: Recruiting And Retaining Members Using Psychodemographics, Oscar T. Mcknight, Ronald Paugh, Jordan Mcknight, Lily Zuccaro, Gina Tornabene

Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.

Membership recruitment and retention is critical to fitness facilities managers and often the primacy of product and service offerings is overemphasized. This research indicates that consumer psychodemographics are more important in determining membership. A 'SIT-UPS' routine is offered to assist managers in marketing and membership initiatives.

Maine's Seafood Industry: From The Outside Looking In, Catherine V. Schmitt

Catherine Schmitt

How did Maine fare at this year's Boston Seafood Show? What can Maine learn about seafood marketing from other states? This article reviews the history of seafood marketing in Maine and profiles current efforts to develop value-added products and enhance sustainability through community supported fisheries. The story originally appeared in the Fall 2009 issue of Maine Food & Lifestyle magazine and is offered here in its entirety.

Impact Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Otc Medicines Consumers, Vasja Roblek

Vasja Roblek

In the article is presented the case of trust-based marketing of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. The relationship between the hypotheses was tested by means of structural equation modelling. The results of the first model show that the predictor variable (consumer satisfaction with safety and information) has a significant effect on the mediator variable (consumer trust). The results of the second model show that the consumer trust also has a significant effect on virtual brand loyalty (dependent variable). Model 3 was developed by including consumer perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and consumer trust as independent predictor variables and virtual brand loyalty …

The Role Of Normative Political Ideology In Consumer Behavior, David Crockett, Melanie Wallendorf

David Crockett

This study of African-American consumers living in a large racially segregated midwestern city adds to extant theory on ideology in consumer behavior by considering the role of normative political ideology in provisioning. The specific roles of traditional black liberal and black nationalist political ideologies are discussed. We conclude that normative political ideology is central to understanding shopping as an expression of social and political relations between households confronting attenuated access to goods and services, ranging from housing to food, in a setting stratified by gender, race, and class. Beyond the specifics of this demographic group and setting, we suggest contemporary …

Credit Cards As Lifestyle Facilitators, Matthew J. Bernthal, David Crockett, Randall L. Rose

David Crockett

Credit cards are an increasingly essential technology, but they carry with them the paradoxical capacity to propel consumers along lifestyle trajectories of marketplace freedom or constraint. We analyze accounts provided by consumers, credit counselors, and participants in a credit counseling seminar in order to develop a differentiated theory of lifestyle facilitation through credit card practice. The skills and tastes expressed by credit card practice help distinguish between the lifestyles of those with higher cultural capital relative to those with lower cultural capital. Differences in lifestyle regulation practice are posited to originate in cultural discourses related to entitlement and frugality.

Achieving Change In Students' Attitudes Toward Group Projects By Teaching Group Skills, Lawrence O. Hamer, Robert D. O'Keefe

Lawrence O. Hamer

Increasing College Football Attendance: An Exploratory Study Of Fan Typology, Oscar T. Mcknight, Ronald Paugh, Jordan Mcknight, Wenhui Jin

Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.

No sport enjoys more popularity in the USA than football. However, not every college can fill their stadium. This study examined spectator typology and college football attendance. Four typologies emerged as well as a chronology of expectations for game events. Presented is PUNT a sport marketing strategy to increase football game attendance.

Online Qualitative Research In The Age Of E-Commerce: Data Sources And Approaches, Nikhilesh Dholakia, Dong Zhang

Nikhilesh Dholakia

With the boom in E-commerce, practitioners and researchers are increasingly generating marketing and strategic insights by employing the Internet as an effective new tool for conducting well-established forms of qualitative research (TISCHLER 2004). The potential of Internet as a rich data source and an attractive arena for qualitative research in e-commerce settings—in other words cyberspace as a "field," in the ethnographic sense—has not received adequate attention. This paper explores qualitative research prospects in e-commerce arenas. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0402299

Creating Value In Education Marketing, James R. Seligman

James Seligman

Purpose of this paper is to systematically review and explore the nature of marketing in education (HE) and consider the creation of value through the co-creation process. The objectives of the review were to: collect, document, scrutinise and critically analyse the current research literature on value elements in marketing and how co-creation between the sender (school) and receiver (student) co-create; to establish the scope of education marketing; to identify gaps in the research literature, and make recommendations for further research in this field. The approach for this study entailed extensive searches of relevant business management and education databases on value …

Marketing Your Repository With The Power Of Google Analytics, Hillary Corbett

Hillary Corbett

Google Analytics offers powerful web metrics to help IR managers track the usage of their content. But it’s also full of excellent material to help market the IR. For example, the data that Google Analytics provides shows how depositers can reach a global audience: use a Google Maps mashup to highlight trending topics in your IR in particular parts of the world, or point out to a reluctant professor that her colleagues’ work is being downloaded in emerging markets worldwide – get creative and find out what Google Analytics can do for you! We learned through Google Analytics that an …