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Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Business
In Equations We Trust? Formula Learning Effects On The Exponential Growth Bias, Bryan Foltice, Thomas Langer
In Equations We Trust? Formula Learning Effects On The Exponential Growth Bias, Bryan Foltice, Thomas Langer
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
This paper evaluates the possible benefits and drawbacks of the formal formula learning of compound growth as it pertains to eliminating, or at least reducing, the exponential growth bias in various household savings and debt decisions. In our main experimental study, we determine if the ability to calculate the simple compound savings formula only assists in its direct area of application with an available calculator, or if this knowledge extends into similar exponentially-based savings and debt decisions when either a calculator is prohibited or when the formula is unknown. In the process of tackling this research question, we develop a …
Cultural Influnces On Risk Tolerance And Portfolio Creation, Mark K. Pyles, Yongping Li, Shifang Wu, Steven D. Dolvin
Cultural Influnces On Risk Tolerance And Portfolio Creation, Mark K. Pyles, Yongping Li, Shifang Wu, Steven D. Dolvin
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
We extend existing research that examines the impact of culture on risk tolerance. Using surveys completed by Chinese and American students, we find, consistent with previous studies, that Chinese students perceive themselves as more risk tolerant. However, we find that Chinese students are less consistent in matching their perceived tolerance levels with actual scores from a standard risk tolerance assessment. Further, we also examine mock portfolios created by the respondents and find no evidence that Chinese students create portfolios that are riskier than their American counterparts. Our findings suggest that differences in risk tolerance are at least partially a product …
Examining The Effects Of Culture On Preference Of Social Cause In Cause-Related Marketing: A Cross-Cultural Study Of The United States And Chile, Alicia Helfrich
Examining The Effects Of Culture On Preference Of Social Cause In Cause-Related Marketing: A Cross-Cultural Study Of The United States And Chile, Alicia Helfrich
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Cause-related marketing is a common business practice that aims to align strategic goals of a for-profit company with the social needs of the stakeholders and occurs most frequently when a portion of a purchase is donated to a designated social cause. The utilization of cause-related marketing has been shown to increase purchase intention of consumers. The present study examines the impact that culture has on consumer’s preference of social cause in a cause-related marketing campaign by comparing two countries, the United States and Chile. The researchers predicted that people from Chile and those with an interdependent self-construal would be more …
Exponential Growth Bias Matters: Evidence And Implications For Financial Decision Making Of College Students In The U.S.A., Bryan Foltice, Thomas Langer
Exponential Growth Bias Matters: Evidence And Implications For Financial Decision Making Of College Students In The U.S.A., Bryan Foltice, Thomas Langer
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
This paper tests the exponential growth bias of undergraduate students at a top-level university in the United States and explores the potential drivers of this bias. We find that bias matters, even for college students, in making savings and debt decisions. In this sample, we observe that the individuals who have already taken on debt are more biased, while those who have experience with savings products are less biased. Moreover, those classified as possessing an awareness of compound growth as well as an ability to consistently calculate the compound savings equation are significantly less biased in different savings treatments than …
How To Decrease The Amortization Bias: Experience Vs. Rules, Bryan Foltice
How To Decrease The Amortization Bias: Experience Vs. Rules, Bryan Foltice
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
We conduct an experimental study that tests the effectiveness of de-biasing a certain form of exponential growth bias found in household finance debt decisions, called the amortization bias. We provide 251 bachelor students at a German university with a short tutorial based on one of three learning methods: experiential learning, learning a simple “I Owe More” debt rule-of-thumb, as well as learning an extended, but more accurate version of the “I Owe More” debt rule. Immediately after completing these tutorials, we retest for the amortization bias and find a significant bias improvement in all three treatments. More importantly, after confronting …
Gender Effects On Perceptions Of Individual And Corporate Social Responsibility, Courtney Droms Hatch, Sheryl-Ann Stephen
Gender Effects On Perceptions Of Individual And Corporate Social Responsibility, Courtney Droms Hatch, Sheryl-Ann Stephen
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
There has been an increasing importance for both individuals and companies on acting in a socially responsible manner. This study demonstrates that gender plays an important role in perceptions of social responsibility, such that the effect of an individual’s social responsibility on their perceptions of a company’s social responsibility is moderated by the gender of the respondent. Specifically, we find that women have higher levels of Internalized Moral Identity than men. Moreover, we find that women believe that organizations should be more beneficial to society than men, which translates into a higher quality of corporate social responsibility. The theoretical and …
Profitable Momentum Trading Strategies For Individual Investors, Bryan Foltice, Thomas Langer
Profitable Momentum Trading Strategies For Individual Investors, Bryan Foltice, Thomas Langer
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
For nearly three decades, scientific studies have explored momentum investing strategies and observed stable excess returns in various financial markets. However, the trading strategies typically analyzed in such research are not accessible to individual investors due to short selling constraints, nor are they profitable due to high trading costs. Incorporating these constraints, we explore a simplified momentum trading strategy that only exploits excess returns from topside momentum for a small number of individual stocks. Building on US data from the New York Stock Exchange from July 1991 to December 2010, we analyze whether such a simplified momentum strategy outperforms the …
The Impact Of Attitudinal Ambivalence On Weight Loss Decisions: Consequences And Mitigating Factors, Bui My, Courtney Droms, Georgiana Cracium
The Impact Of Attitudinal Ambivalence On Weight Loss Decisions: Consequences And Mitigating Factors, Bui My, Courtney Droms, Georgiana Cracium
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
This research takes a new look at individuals' attitudes and intentions towards losing weight. Study 1 examines the relationship among those interested in losing weight and individual self-evaluative ambivalence on attitude towards trying to achieve a weight loss goal and the intentions to achieve the weight loss goal. For Study 2, a between-subjects experimental design, where attitudinal ambivalence and prior outcome feedback were manipulated and self-efficacy was measured, is conducted to examine attitude towards eating healthier and intention to change eating behaviours. Findings across the two studies show that attitudinal ambivalence about the self and the individual's abilities and motivation …
When Do Domestic Alliances Help Ventures Abroad? Direct And Moderating Effects From A Learning Perspective, Hana Milanov, Stephanie A. Fernhaber
When Do Domestic Alliances Help Ventures Abroad? Direct And Moderating Effects From A Learning Perspective, Hana Milanov, Stephanie A. Fernhaber
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
While the importance of strategic alliances for new venture internationalization is well acknowledged, the effect of domestic partners remains less understood. Building on organizational learning theory's vicarious learning arguments, we suggest that internationally experienced domestic partners positively influence new ventures' international intensity. Moreover, acknowledging that ventures may have multiple learning sources, we argue that the effect is more pronounced when substituting for the lack of new ventures' top management teams' international experience, or when complementing the insights about foreign markets received from foreign alliance partners. The analysis of 194 publicly held new ventures largely supports our hypotheses.
Entrepreneurial Orientation And International Scope: The Differential Roles Of Innovativeness, Proactiveness, And Risk-Taking, Li Dai, Vladislav Maksimov, Brett Anitra Gilbert, Stephanie A. Fernhaber
Entrepreneurial Orientation And International Scope: The Differential Roles Of Innovativeness, Proactiveness, And Risk-Taking, Li Dai, Vladislav Maksimov, Brett Anitra Gilbert, Stephanie A. Fernhaber
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
This research integrates the international business and entrepreneurship literatures by examining the independent influences of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking on the ability of a firm to broaden its scope across international markets. For each dimension of entrepreneurial orientation, a cost–benefit framework is applied to highlight the trade-offs associated with different levels in the internationalization context. Based on a unique dataset of 500 SMEs spanning 10 industries, the results reflect the consequences of being “stuck in the middle” with respect to their strategic posture on innovativeness and proactiveness, but reveal a nuanced role for risk-taking behavior. The non-uniform and non-linear relationships …
Does Beating Cash Flow Benchmarks Reduce The Cost Of Debt?, Mauricio A. Melgarejo
Does Beating Cash Flow Benchmarks Reduce The Cost Of Debt?, Mauricio A. Melgarejo
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
This paper examines whether beating previous year cash flow values and analysts' cash flow forecasts impact the firms' cost of debt. Creditors are expected to be more concerned about firm solvency than firm profitability. Accordingly, if lenders have any reference point it may be related to cash flow numbers. This study finds that firms that beat analysts' cash flow forecasts have smaller initial bond yield spreads in the next period and a decrease in their initial bond yield spreads between consecutive periods. This effect is more pronounced at short maturities and for observations with less informative earnings. Firms with lower …
M-Commerce Development In Developing Country: Users’ Perspective, Hongjiang Xu
M-Commerce Development In Developing Country: Users’ Perspective, Hongjiang Xu
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
M-commerce (mobile commerce) is growing increasingly popular, and China has a huge potential to develop m-commerce technology. This study focuses on users' perspectives of m-commerce development in China. The development of m-commerce was measured by the extent of m-commerce businesses adopting business intelligence. A research framework was developed for users' perceptions on m-commerce development, survey questionnaires were used to collect data, and ANOVA was used for data analysis.
International Exposure Through Network Relationships: Implications For New Venture Internationalization, Stephanie A. Fernhaber, Dan Li
International Exposure Through Network Relationships: Implications For New Venture Internationalization, Stephanie A. Fernhaber, Dan Li
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
Drawing on the network literature and attention-based view, we examine the extent to which international exposure from key informal (geographically proximate firms) and formal (alliance partners) network relationships impacts new venture internationalization. Our findings are three-fold. First, international exposure from both types of network relationships positively influence new venture internationalization, and serve as substitutes for each other. Second, the effects differ based on the age of the venture. While older ventures benefit more from international exposure from alliance partners, younger ventures are more influenced by international exposure from geographically proximate firms. Third, our analysis confirms a three-way interactive effect of …
Untangling The Relationship Between New Venture Internationalization And Performance, Stephanie A. Fernhaber
Untangling The Relationship Between New Venture Internationalization And Performance, Stephanie A. Fernhaber
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
To help untangle the inconsistency in prior performance studies for new venture internationalization, the dynamic capabilities perspective is revisited to consider whether the relationship is more complex than previously assumed. While internationalization requires the reconfiguration of routines and resources, survivability is argued to peak at moderate levels of internationalization where the associated resources and risk is balanced between local and foreign markets. In contrast, sales growth is suggested to peak at either low or high levels of internationalization where a singular market focus and set of capabilities is being exploited. The results confirm that the level of new venture internationalization …
Organization’S Top Management And Other System Users’ Perceptions Towards Data Quality Performance And Expectations, Hongjiang Xu
Organization’S Top Management And Other System Users’ Perceptions Towards Data Quality Performance And Expectations, Hongjiang Xu
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
Across all levels in an organization, from CEO, executives, middle management to day-to-day operators, everyone relies on high quality information for decision making. This paper proposes frameworks for testing the alignment of organization's top management and other system users' perceptions towards and data quality for for ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of data quality management. The frameworks not only have contributions to the theory but also have implications for organization's top management and practitioners in the fields.
How Brand Name And Packaging Quality Affect The Consumer Choice Process, Albert Edward Price
How Brand Name And Packaging Quality Affect The Consumer Choice Process, Albert Edward Price
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Current research tells us that both the brand name and packaging of a product have an effect on the consumer and his or her individual purchasing decision. The following study attempts to further explore and explain how each one affects the other and in which situations, one has a greater influence on the consumer choice process. The research focuses on the comparison of what role brand name and packaging quality play in the consumer choice process. Specifically, the study looked at how the following factors, brand consciousness/familiarity, product experience and individual confidence/self-esteem of the buyer, influence the choice process as …
Collaborative Standards, Voluntary Codes And Industry Self-Regulation, Lawrence J. Lad, Craig B. Caldwell
Collaborative Standards, Voluntary Codes And Industry Self-Regulation, Lawrence J. Lad, Craig B. Caldwell
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
In a complex, global economy, firms seek a range of mechanisms for addressing regulatory and social movement pressures. This requires an evolution beyond our current models of response to regulation and control. This paper offers ideas on collaborative control and industry self-regulation as alternative mechanisms for addressing regulatory complexity. It explores a range of self-regulatory practices worldwide, proposes a framework for examining its use, potential and limits, and discusses the critical role of third-party organisations in the process.
Can Leaders Step Outside Of The Gender Box? An Examination Of Leadership And Gender Role Stereotypes, Margaret Y. Padgett, Craig B. Caldwell, Andrew Embry
Can Leaders Step Outside Of The Gender Box? An Examination Of Leadership And Gender Role Stereotypes, Margaret Y. Padgett, Craig B. Caldwell, Andrew Embry
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
This study examined gender stereotypes for leaders using a more indirect method than is typical in stereotype research. Rather than reveal the leader's gender, this study used vignettes in which the leader's gender was unknown. Consistent with their hypothesis, the authors found that participants were more likely to infer a male (female) gender identity than a female (male) gender identity when presented with a leader using a masculine (feminine) style. They also hypothesized that a leader using a gender-consistent leadership style would be viewed more positively than a leader using a gender-inconsistent style. Contrary to this hypothesis, results revealed that …
Valuation And Classification Of Company Issued Cash And Share-Puts, William D. Terando, Wayne Shaw, David Smith
Valuation And Classification Of Company Issued Cash And Share-Puts, William D. Terando, Wayne Shaw, David Smith
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
This paper examines whether investors’ valuations of cash and share-put warrants are influenced by their potential differential effect on firm solvency. It is motivated by the enactment of SFAS 150, which requires that all contingent put warrant obligations be classified as balance sheet liabilities regardless of put type. Consistent with the critics of SFAS150, we show that market participants differentially value cash and share-puts based on their solvency characteristics beyond the firm’s recorded assets and liabilities. Our results add to existing capital structure literature by suggesting that complex financial instruments (such as cash and share-puts) be reported separately from each …
Reward Contingency, Unemployment, And Functional Turnover, Chuck R. Williams
Reward Contingency, Unemployment, And Functional Turnover, Chuck R. Williams
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
Based on the valence model of expectancy theory and the Cornell model of job satisfaction, this field study investigated the relationship between reward contingency, unemployment, pay satisfaction, job satisfaction, and functional turnover. The latter of which separates turnover into four categories: poor performing leavers, good performing leavers, poor performing stayers, and good performing stayers. It was conducted with a geographically dispersed sample of sales representatives (i.e., from 25 states and 66 cities), resulting in unemployment rates that ranged from 2 percent to 12 percent. The sales representatives were employed by four companies that paid different combinations of salary and commissions, …
When Is Command-And-Control Efficient? Institutions, Technology And The Comparative Efficiency Of Alternative Regulatory Regimes For Environmental Protection, Peter Z. Grossman, Daniel H. Cole
When Is Command-And-Control Efficient? Institutions, Technology And The Comparative Efficiency Of Alternative Regulatory Regimes For Environmental Protection, Peter Z. Grossman, Daniel H. Cole
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
The nominal efficiency of a regulatory regime is determined by comparing its social costs and benefits; the regime is nominally efficient if it produces benefits in excess of its costs. Thus, a regulatory regime can be at once nominally efficient and relatively inefficient. A regulatory regime that is nominally efficient in the early days of pollution-control efforts, when increments of environmental quality are relatively cheap, may (but will not necessarily) grow less efficient over time - producing less return on each dollar invested - as increments of environmental quality grow increasingly expensive. A regulatory regime that is more efficient in …
Where All The Children Are Above Average: A Meta Analysis Of The Performance Appraisal Purpose Affect, J. Jawahar, Chuck R. Williams
Where All The Children Are Above Average: A Meta Analysis Of The Performance Appraisal Purpose Affect, J. Jawahar, Chuck R. Williams
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
More than 40 years ago, Taylor and Wherry (1951) hypothesized that performance appraisal ratings obtained for administrative purposes, such as pay raises or promotions, would be more lenient than ratings obtained for research, feedback, or employee development purposes. However, research on appraisal purpose has yielded inconsistent results, with roughly half of such studies supporting this hypothesis and the other half refuting it. To account for those differences, a meta-analysis of performance appraisal purpose research was conducted with 22 studies and a total sample size of 57,775. Our results support Taylor and Wherry's hypothesis as performance evaluations obtained for administrative purposes …
Entrepreneurship In A Transition Economy: An Examination Of Venture Creation In Hungary, M. A. Lyles, L. S. Baird, J. Burdeane Orris
Entrepreneurship In A Transition Economy: An Examination Of Venture Creation In Hungary, M. A. Lyles, L. S. Baird, J. Burdeane Orris
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
This study examines entrepreneurs and new ventures in a transition economy, Hungary, and identifies what variables distinguish between Hungarian entrepreneurs and their new ventures in the pre-1988 transition period from that which followed. The variables that discriminate most strongly are their business strategies. The newer firms had a concentration strategy while the older firms had a new product development strategy. Other variables that discriminated between the groups include reacting to the political environment, satisfaction with firm performance, encouragement from investors, recent investment in building improvement, and family history of entrepreneurship. The newer entrepreneurs had more family role models of entrepreneurship.
Recruiting Sources And Posthire Outcomes For Job Applicants And New Hires: A Test Of Two Hypotheses, Chuck R. Williams, Chalmer E. Labig, Thomas H. Stone
Recruiting Sources And Posthire Outcomes For Job Applicants And New Hires: A Test Of Two Hypotheses, Chuck R. Williams, Chalmer E. Labig, Thomas H. Stone
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
This study, unlike most recruitment source research, tested for and ruled out the contaminating effects of prescreening and self-selection bias by examining applicants and new hires for nursing positions (S. L. Rynes and A. E. Barber, 1990). Consistent with the predictions of A. Rees (1966) and J. C. Ullman (1966), recruitment sources reached differently qualified applicants in terms of nursing experience and education which, in turn, were valid predictors of subsequent nurse performance. In a similar manner, recruitment sources produced sharply different levels of prehire knowledge, which was inversely related to voluntary turnover after 1 yr. However, contrary to both …
Goal Importance, Self-Focus And The Goal Setting Process, Chuck R. Williams, John R. Hollenbeck
Goal Importance, Self-Focus And The Goal Setting Process, Chuck R. Williams, John R. Hollenbeck
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
In this study we examine the role played by perceived goal importance and self-focus in the goal-setting process. More specifically, this study tests the interactive hypotheses that (a) task performance is a function of goal level, self-focus, and perceived goal importance; (b) goal level is a function of perceptions of past performance, self-focus, and perceived goal importance; and (c) perceptions of past performance are a function of actual past performance, self-focus, and perceived goal importance. Hierarchical regression analysis, using a sample of 88 retail salespersons, revealed empirical support for the first two hypotheses. Specifically, the variables described by control theory …
Turnover Functionality Versus Turnover Frequency: A Note On Work Attitudes And Organizational Effectiveness, Chuck R. Williams, John R. Hollenbeck
Turnover Functionality Versus Turnover Frequency: A Note On Work Attitudes And Organizational Effectiveness, Chuck R. Williams, John R. Hollenbeck
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
Tested whether work attitudes, widely praised as predictors of turnover frequency (i.e., the number of separations), are also useful predictors of turnover functionality (i.e., the nature of separations). Measures on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job involvement, motivation to turnover, and turnover frequency and functionality were obtained from 112 retail salespersons. Results indicate that (a) the traditional measure of turnover frequency overstates the detrimental effects of turnover on organizational effectiveness, in that 53% of the turnover was functional and (b) turnover functionality, which emphasizes the performance levels of stayers and leavers, is unrelated to work attitudes. Findings suggest that organizations should …