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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Business
Volatility Spillover Between Stock Market And Currency Market Of Pakistan In The Presence Of Structural Breaks, Muhammad Jamil, Hifsa Mobeen
Volatility Spillover Between Stock Market And Currency Market Of Pakistan In The Presence Of Structural Breaks, Muhammad Jamil, Hifsa Mobeen
Business Review
This study examines the volatility transmission between the currency market and the stock market of Pakistan in the presence of structural breaks. For this purpose, daily data from the stock market and currency market is analyzed. An empirical investigation is conducted using the bivariate EGARCH model and the test for multiple structural breaks developed by Bai and Perron (2003). This study analyses these markets with the inclusion of sudden changes. Results of the EGARCH model suggest that volatility spillover is positive and bidirectional between these markets of Pakistan.
An Analysis Of The Asymmetric Effect Of Fiscal Policy On Economic Growth In Pakistan: Insights From Non-Linear Ardl, Ibrar Hussain, Muhammad Rafiq, Zahoor Khan
An Analysis Of The Asymmetric Effect Of Fiscal Policy On Economic Growth In Pakistan: Insights From Non-Linear Ardl, Ibrar Hussain, Muhammad Rafiq, Zahoor Khan
Business Review
This paper evaluates the current state of monetary and non-monetary rewards systems in place in the UK banking sector in an attempt to identify reasons for the preference of monetary rewards over non-monetary rewards. Data was collected from two banks, LLOYDS TSB and Royal Bank of Scotland. The selection of these two banks emanates from their recent bonus crises and the fact that they are both part nationalised, hence the need for a prudent reward system. Questionnaires were used to obtain data and the Evidence Based Reward Management (EBRM) methodology was used to highlight the effectiveness as well as the …
Deciphering Brand Loyalty Through Brand Association And Emotional Confidence, Amber Gul Rashid, Wajid Hussain Rizvi, Huma Amir
Deciphering Brand Loyalty Through Brand Association And Emotional Confidence, Amber Gul Rashid, Wajid Hussain Rizvi, Huma Amir
Business Review
This paper investigates the influence of emotional confidence and brand association on brand loyalty and whether there is a statistically significant difference in the brand loyalty of consumers having low or high emotional confidence. Data was collected outside fast food restaurants across Karachi using systematic sampling. Every fourth person exiting the restaurant was approached to fill a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results suggest that both brand association and emotional confidence have a statistically significant influence on brand loyalty. The variance explained in brand loyalty was higher when emotional confidence was included in the model. …
Corporate Governance And Capital Structure As Driving Force For Financial Performance: Evidence From Non-Financial Listed Companies In Pakistan, Zahid Bashir, Ghulam Ali Bhatti, Asad Javed
Corporate Governance And Capital Structure As Driving Force For Financial Performance: Evidence From Non-Financial Listed Companies In Pakistan, Zahid Bashir, Ghulam Ali Bhatti, Asad Javed
Business Review
This research examines the intervention of capital structure with different characteristics of corporate governance and different measures of financial performance. Data was collected from 113 PSX listed firms ranging from 2013-2018. The study uses multiple regression approach for testing the required set of hypotheses. The results reveal that insider shareholding, and board size significantly but negatively affect financial performance whereas, audit committee’s size positively, and significantly affects financial performance. Furthermore, about 20% of CEOs hold dual positions in listed firms, which also has a positive impact on financial performance. The results also reveal that capital structure positively influences financial performance. …
Optimization Of Non-Monetary Reward Provisions: Evidence From The Uk Banking Sector, Ese Okpebholo, Abdullah Zafar Sheikh
Optimization Of Non-Monetary Reward Provisions: Evidence From The Uk Banking Sector, Ese Okpebholo, Abdullah Zafar Sheikh
Business Review
This paper evaluates the current state of monetary and non-monetary rewards systems in place in the UK banking sector in an attempt to identify reasons for the preference of monetary rewards over non-monetary rewards. Data was collected from two banks, LLOYDS TSB and Royal Bank of Scotland. The selection of these two banks emanates from their recent bonus crises and the fact that they are both part nationalised, hence the need for a prudent reward system. Questionnaires were used to obtain data and the Evidence Based Reward Management (EBRM) methodology was used to highlight the effectiveness as well as the …
Fiscal Policy Transmission Mechanism In Pakistan: A General Equilibrium Analysis, Muhammad Raashid, Abdul Saboor, Shahzad Ahmad
Fiscal Policy Transmission Mechanism In Pakistan: A General Equilibrium Analysis, Muhammad Raashid, Abdul Saboor, Shahzad Ahmad
Business Review
This paper explores the impact of fiscal spending on key macroeconomic indicators for Pakistan economy using an estimated open economy new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. Results show that a positive shock to government consumption leads to fall in private consumption, private investment and exports owing to negative wealth effect, rise in interest rate and domestic currency appreciation, respectively. Imports and inflation also rise. Estimated values of present value fiscal multipliers are 0.54, 0.29 and 0.18 after 1 year, 5 years and 10 years, respectively. These results show that although positive in the short run, yet the magnitude …
Project Management Maturity In Pakistan: An Empirical Investigation, Syed Ahsan Mustaqeem, Rameez Khalid, Syed Irfan Nabi
Project Management Maturity In Pakistan: An Empirical Investigation, Syed Ahsan Mustaqeem, Rameez Khalid, Syed Irfan Nabi
Business Review
This research assesses the current level of PMM in Pakistan, evaluates the gaps in the prevalent project management practices and formulates a framework to improve PMM level in Pakistan. 123 Pakistani organizations were assessed for their levels of PMM and project performance using standard project management maturity models. The average PMM level in Pakistan was found to be 2.32 (on the scale of 1 to 5) and only 24% of the projects carried out were found to be successful. This means that the prevalent project management practices are not yet fully institutionalized. Furthermore, project management training, use of project management …
General Emotional Labor Scale: Development And Establishing Psychometric Properties, Falak Zehra Mohsin, Nadia Ayub
General Emotional Labor Scale: Development And Establishing Psychometric Properties, Falak Zehra Mohsin, Nadia Ayub
Business Review
This study outlines the process followed in the development of the General Emotional Labor Scale-English (GELS-E). The scale construction process was divided into different phases. The first phase entailed the item generation and the second phase was the pilot study. Phase three and four dealt with developing the norms and establishing the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the final 30 items. It can be concluded that the GELS-E was developed as a measure that can be used by researchers to assess emotional labor in professionals. Such a measure of emotional labor can prove to be beneficial for researchers and …
Providing Protection For Better Outcomes: The Need For Boundary Walls At Schools In Pakistan, Abbas Ali Gillani
Providing Protection For Better Outcomes: The Need For Boundary Walls At Schools In Pakistan, Abbas Ali Gillani
Business Review
This paper explores the importance of a boundary wall at school as a measure of protection and safety, by testing the correlation between a school having a boundary wall and its total enrolment. By using panel data estimation with year and district fixed effects we find that across all levels of schooling, having a boundary wall was correlated with higher total enrolment. Enrolment at primary, middle and high school was 4.0 per cent, 2.3 per cent and 3.0 per cent higher. Gender-wise breakup of the results shows similar correlation for both boys and girls at primary level. However, at middle …
Earnings Response Coefficient As A Determinant Of Dividend Policy: Testing Free Cash Flow Theory On Non-Financial Dividend Paying Firms In The Pakistan Stock Exchange, Hamid Ullah, Anjum Ihsan
Earnings Response Coefficient As A Determinant Of Dividend Policy: Testing Free Cash Flow Theory On Non-Financial Dividend Paying Firms In The Pakistan Stock Exchange, Hamid Ullah, Anjum Ihsan
Business Review
This study tests Jensen’s free cash flow theory which states that managers overinvest retained earnings in negative NPV projects. A data set of 238 firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period 1999 to 2016 is used. The results of the panel regression model show a significant positive association of the earnings response coefficient and dividend payout ratio, which supports the free cash flow theory in listed Pakistani firms. Moreover, the imposition of the capital gains tax and the financial crisis has further strengthened the positive relationship between ERC and dividend payout ratio.
Role Of Organizational Culture In Psychological Needs Satisfaction And Work Engagement, Quddsia Sadaf, Mudassar Aziz, Gulnaz Anjum
Role Of Organizational Culture In Psychological Needs Satisfaction And Work Engagement, Quddsia Sadaf, Mudassar Aziz, Gulnaz Anjum
Business Review
This paper explores the role of organizational culture in the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and yielding work engagement among public and private sector managers. Results reveal that organizational culture confers employees with a sense of relatedness which promotes work engagement. Additionally, the study suggests that female managers have a higher need for relatedness, the satisfaction of all basic psychological needs is significantly higher among private sector employees and work satisfaction increases with increasing job level. This study can be used for the development of organizational culture to improve relatedness among employees with respect to gender and the type of …
The Reversal Strategy: A Test Case For An Emerging Market, Hilal Anwar Butt, Mohsin Sadaqat
The Reversal Strategy: A Test Case For An Emerging Market, Hilal Anwar Butt, Mohsin Sadaqat
Business Review
The reversal strategy in the Pakistan Stock Market has shown significant profits for the time period January 1993 - September 2017. The available asset pricing models are unable to link these returns with the risk premium. This paper explores an alternative channel of predicting risk premium. It suggests that reversal profits can be considered as compensation for providing liquidity to the market during times of high volatility. Results reveal that reversal is stronger for illiquid and volatile stocks. Furthermore, firms that show reversal, are cash constrained, have lower return on asset (ROA) and equity (ROE), lesser operating profitability (OP), investment …
An Evaluation Of The Forecast Performance Of Dsge And Var Models: The Case Of A Developing Country, Shahzad Ahmad, Adnan Haider
An Evaluation Of The Forecast Performance Of Dsge And Var Models: The Case Of A Developing Country, Shahzad Ahmad, Adnan Haider
Business Review
This paper estimates a DSGE model and three versions of VAR models (VARX, BVARX and BVAR) to analyze forecasting performance of these models in context of Pakistan. VAR models and a medium-scale DSGE model are estimated using quarterly data (1980Q4-2017Q2). Expanding window recursive out-of-sample forecasts for GDP growth, call money rate, CPI inflation and percent change in exchange rate are generated and compared over the period 2009Q1-2017Q2. Forecasting performance is analyzed by the comparison of bias and root mean squared errors (RMSE). Analysis of forecasting performance over 1-8 quarters forecast horizon reveals that BVAR model provides relatively better forecast in …
Emotional Intensity: An Additional Dimension To Understand Emotional Confidence And Purchase Intentions, Wajid Hussain Rizvi
Emotional Intensity: An Additional Dimension To Understand Emotional Confidence And Purchase Intentions, Wajid Hussain Rizvi
Business Review
This paper explores the role of emotional intensity as a determinant of emotional confidence and purchase intentions. It analyzes the difference between low and high emotional confidence and emotional intensity groups in terms of their purchase intentions in the car buying context. Only valence and combined valence-intensity structural models were used to assess respective influences on emotional confidence. The results reveal that the combined impact of valence and intensity has a greater positive and significant influence on emotional confidence. Furthermore, groups with higher emotional confidence and higher emotional intensity show higher purchase intentions. This study contributes to a better understanding …
The Nexus Of Financial Deepening, Economic Growth, And Poverty: The Case Of Pakistan, Abdur Rehman Aleemi, Muhammad Azam
The Nexus Of Financial Deepening, Economic Growth, And Poverty: The Case Of Pakistan, Abdur Rehman Aleemi, Muhammad Azam
Business Review
This study investigates the nexus of financial development, economic growth, and poverty for Pakistan over a prolonged period of time, 1960- 2012. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)-Bounds testing approach to co integration and Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)along with VECM Granger causality have been applied to examine the long-run dynamic relationship among financial development, economic development and poverty. For that purpose, we have developed two models and adopted a new and relatively strong proxy for financial development. The results suggest that financial development negatively affects both long-run and short-run economic growth. However, financial development is found to be positively affecting per …
Impact Of Board Characteristics And Audit Committee On Financial Performance: A Study Of Manufacturing Sector Of Pakistan, Arfan Ali, Saad Bin Nasir
Impact Of Board Characteristics And Audit Committee On Financial Performance: A Study Of Manufacturing Sector Of Pakistan, Arfan Ali, Saad Bin Nasir
Business Review
The research will examine the role of corporate governance (CG) practices on firm’s financial performance. Population of this research will be manufacture sector of Pakistan. For the purposes of measurement of impact of corporate governance practices such as board size, board independence, CEO/chairman duality and audit committee will take as independent variables and for the measurement of firm’s performance return on assets and return on equity will take as dependent variables. Panel data regression model will used to estimate the impact of CG on firm performance.
Asset Price Bubbles With Specific Focus On Stock Prices In Pakistan, Nawaz Ahmad, Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, Yaseen Ahmed Meenai
Asset Price Bubbles With Specific Focus On Stock Prices In Pakistan, Nawaz Ahmad, Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, Yaseen Ahmed Meenai
Business Review
This research paper is an attempt to investigate Asset Price Bubbles (APB) with reference to Pakistan stock market. The analysis of time series graph shows a linear trend between Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Money Supply Index (M2I) whereas a nonlinear trend with stock prices. Moreover, the graph also shows an unequal spread with the stock prices, which indicate Heteroskedasticity. Then, descriptive statistics test shows high Standard Deviations for stock prices compared with CPI and M2I, which indicate a higher volatility in stock prices. Finally, the hypothesis test for equality of variance concluded the presence of Asset Price Bubbles by …
G-20 Summit And Debt Crisis Of Europe, Badar Alam Iqbal
G-20 Summit And Debt Crisis Of Europe, Badar Alam Iqbal
Business Review
Europe is under debt threat, facing the biggest crisis of uncertainty. If Euro fails, Europe fails. Since the Second World War, this is the hardest hour for Europe. One of the biggest limitations of global integration of EU is that small and weak countries could not fall in line with strong economies. This crisis is the example in this regard. The recent summit at Cannes has failed in giving concrete solution to the debt crisis especially in case of Greece, Italy, Portugal, Ireland and Spain. The crisis in Greece and ltaly cost the resignations of two popular Prime Ministers. The …
The Casual Link Between Stock Returns And Trading Volume: Some Evidence From An Emerging Market, Abdul Rashid
The Casual Link Between Stock Returns And Trading Volume: Some Evidence From An Emerging Market, Abdul Rashid
Business Review
This paper investigates the dynamic association between daily stock index returns and percentage trading volume changes. To proceed with this, linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests are applied to the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) data. The analysis covers the span of about 5 years with 1266 daily observations. The same methodology is employed for two non-overlapping sub-periods to examine the robustness of the results. Unidirectional linear Granger causality from stock returns to trading volume is observed for the entire sample period and for both the sub-periods as well. The null hypothesis of linear Granger noncausality from percentage volume changes to …