Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Business Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations

2023

Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 1 - 30 of 211

Full-Text Articles in Business

Loophole Entrepreneurship, Brian M. Sirman Dec 2023

Loophole Entrepreneurship, Brian M. Sirman

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

All entrepreneurs seek favorable legal or regulatory treatment for their businesses. Sometimes this leads an entrepreneur to build a business within a gap in the law—a loophole. In so doing, these “loophole entrepreneurs” may avoid steep regulatory compliance costs that otherwise would beset (or perhaps prohibit) their businesses, thereby gaining advantages over competitors. Despite these benefits, loophole entrepreneurship is fraught with risks. Loopholes, by nature, are fragile, and their contours are often uncertain. Moreover, the stigma of “exploiting a loophole” (which connotes unfairness or deception) can provoke ill will among competitors, policymakers, and the public.

The ranks of loophole entrepreneurs …


An Examination Of The Relationship Between Cheating In Online Classes And Technostress: Perceptions Of Business Faculty, Stacy Boyer-Davis, Kevin Berry, Amy Cooper Dec 2023

An Examination Of The Relationship Between Cheating In Online Classes And Technostress: Perceptions Of Business Faculty, Stacy Boyer-Davis, Kevin Berry, Amy Cooper

International Journal for Business Education

This research study investigated the relationship between technostress creators (techno-complexity, techno-insecurity, techno-invasion, techno-overload, and techno-uncertainty) and faculty perceptions of student cheating in online classes. Data were collected from faculty members of the Management and Organizational Behavior Teaching Society (MOBTS), a member of the AACSB Business Education Alliance, the American Society of Business and Behavioral Sciences (ASBBS), an interdisciplinary professional organization comprised of faculty teaching in accounting, finance, management, marketing, organizational behavior, and computer information systems, and other research panels during 2021 (N = 94). Findings from regression analysis indicated that the techno-complexity subconstruct is positively related to a faculty’s perception …


Economic Valuation Model Of Vanname Shrimp Culture And Mangrove Rehabilitation, Elrin Meivian Mongi Mongi, Mahawan Karuniasa, Mufti Petala Patria Dec 2023

Economic Valuation Model Of Vanname Shrimp Culture And Mangrove Rehabilitation, Elrin Meivian Mongi Mongi, Mahawan Karuniasa, Mufti Petala Patria

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

The current climate change is caused by anthropogenic activities involving energy and industry usage that affect the temperature and climate of the Earth. The Paris Agreement on climate change is a commitment by some countries to act to address climate change by developing sustainably and emitting low levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). Changes in the oceans include temperature increases, acidification, and changes in currents, leading to decreased productivity in fishing and aquaculture. Integrated mangrove shrimp farming, known as silvofisheries, has been recognized as environmentally friendly cultivation. The implementation of silvofishery is a form of mangrove ecosystem management that integrates ecology …


Students’ Acquisition Of Agricultural And Entrepreneurship (Agripreneurship) Knowledge And Skills: Does Instructional Approach And Their Sex Matter?, Stephen C. Mukembo, M. Craig Edwards, J. Shane Robinson Dec 2023

Students’ Acquisition Of Agricultural And Entrepreneurship (Agripreneurship) Knowledge And Skills: Does Instructional Approach And Their Sex Matter?, Stephen C. Mukembo, M. Craig Edwards, J. Shane Robinson

Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education

Agricultural and Entrepreneurship education are interdisciplinary due to amalgamating the natural sciences and social sciences. These disciplines have gained the interest of those looking to equip youth with skills for self-reliance. Teachers employ various instructional approaches, including student-centric approaches such as project-based learning (PjBL) and teacher-centric methods, for example, the lecture method, to facilitate learning. Existing research, however, suggests that students’ learning can be influenced by other factors, for example, learning styles, socio-cultural norms, sex stereotypes, and the instructional approach(es) used. We examined the impact of using the lecture method (counterfactual group) versus PjBL (treatment group) approaches on student acquisition …


Learning From Subsistence Marketplaces And Beyond: A Cross-Sectoral Comparison In Benin, Paul Ingenbleek, Souleimane A. Adekambi, Hans C.M. Van Trijp Dec 2023

Learning From Subsistence Marketplaces And Beyond: A Cross-Sectoral Comparison In Benin, Paul Ingenbleek, Souleimane A. Adekambi, Hans C.M. Van Trijp

Subsistence Marketplaces

Subsistence Marketplaces publishes studies that study consumers, entrepreneurs, and marketplaces from a broad range of low income contexts in their own right, transcending the boundaries between sectors and disciplines to derive practically meaningful implications. This paper contributes to accomplishing the mission of the new journal by contextualizing market learning theory to subsistence marketplaces. More specifically, the study links two modes of market learning (exploration and exploitation) with producers’ livelihood performance. It hypothesizes that within subsistence marketplaces, producers benefit the most from exploration but to seize a market opportunity beyond the subsistence context, BoP producers should strengthen their exploitative learning processes. …


Empowher: Creating Digital Pathways To Funding And Cultivating Community For Women Entrepreneurs, Nicole Riojas Dec 2023

Empowher: Creating Digital Pathways To Funding And Cultivating Community For Women Entrepreneurs, Nicole Riojas

Masters Theses

”EmpowHER: Creating Digital Pathways to Funding and Cultivating Community for Women Entrepreneurs” embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the dynamic world of women entrepreneurship, deciphering the intricate dynamics that influence their journey to success. With a focus on fostering gender diversity and promoting innovation, this thesis delves into the profound impact of accessible funding mechanisms and community engagement on women entrepreneurs’ trajectories while in the growth stage of their business. As women-owned enterprises continue to rise, this project dissects their economic potential and explores how innovative practices can dismantle the barriers that hinder their progress. By employing various research methods …


A Recipe For Success. How To Build Cohesive Virtual Teams In A Post-Pandemic World, Barbara Thiss Dec 2023

A Recipe For Success. How To Build Cohesive Virtual Teams In A Post-Pandemic World, Barbara Thiss

Transform

For leaders, finding a recipe for success in building a cohesive virtual team in a post-pandemic world may be a struggle. With the outbreak of COVID-19, many organizations have seen growth in their virtual presence. Virtual teams bring greater diversity and the challenge of operating in remote locations rather than face-to-face settings. Finding practices leaders can use to build cohesiveness in their virtual teams can help them adapt to this changing environment. The purpose of this study was for Fortune 500 leaders of virtual teams to identify practices they used to build cohesiveness in their team. Building cohesiveness is important …


Weakness Is The New Strength: How Vulnerability Makes Leaders Stronger, Scott Dick Dec 2023

Weakness Is The New Strength: How Vulnerability Makes Leaders Stronger, Scott Dick

Transform

Weakness is the new strength: How vulnerability makes leaders stronger is the result from the meta-analysis of five phenomenological studies designed to generate a theory that explains how exemplar leaders from five different fields used “soft-skills” and four domains of behavior to create mutual shared knowledge, resolve conflict and transform relationships to produce breakthrough results. The four domains of behavior are communication, collaboration, ethics, and emotional intelligence. The sample was composed of 75 exemplar leaders from five different professional fields and included an analysis of over 1,300 pages of interview transcripts as the main data source for the study. The …


Breaking The Shackles Of Poverty: How Bridging Ties Enable Subsistence Entrepreneurs To Upgrade Their Businesses To A Prosperous Level, Asifa Ilyas, Ralf Wagner Dec 2023

Breaking The Shackles Of Poverty: How Bridging Ties Enable Subsistence Entrepreneurs To Upgrade Their Businesses To A Prosperous Level, Asifa Ilyas, Ralf Wagner

Subsistence Marketplaces

Subsistence entrepreneurs establish and run their business ventures under harsh economic and social conditions. These survival-driven businesses are impoverished and generate insufficient income for entrepreneurs and their families. Subsistence entrepreneurs can break this vicious poverty cycle by upscaling their ventures into more sustainable and profitable businesses. However, it is not clear what prevents these entrepreneurs from developing more prosperous and sustainable business ventures.

This study fills the gap by investigating the effect of bridging social ties on subsistence businesses' performance. Further, the study examines the impact of group identity, jealousy, gender, and power on subsistence entrepreneurs' efforts to build bridging …


Smes “Growing Smart”: The Complementarity Of Intangible And Digital Investment In Small Firms And Their Contribution To Firm Performance, Eva Erjavec, Tjaša Redek, Črt Kostevc Dec 2023

Smes “Growing Smart”: The Complementarity Of Intangible And Digital Investment In Small Firms And Their Contribution To Firm Performance, Eva Erjavec, Tjaša Redek, Črt Kostevc

Economic and Business Review

Like large companies, small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) are turning to new digital technologies and knowledge-based capital to bolster their productivity and growth. However, data show that smaller companies lag significantly in implementing new Industry 4.0 technologies and in the intensity of their use. Lack of skills and human capital is often cited as one of the biggest barriers. This paper examines the benefits of digital technologies, intangible capital, and in particular the role of complementary investments in new technologies and intangible capital to maximize the impact on productivity growth. The analysis draws on extensive firm-level datasets combining business and …


The Effect Of Primary School Entrepreneurship Education Programs On The Evolution Of Pupils’ Human Capital Assets, Janez Gorenc, Alenka Slavec Gomezel, Željka Kitić, Blaž Zupan Dec 2023

The Effect Of Primary School Entrepreneurship Education Programs On The Evolution Of Pupils’ Human Capital Assets, Janez Gorenc, Alenka Slavec Gomezel, Željka Kitić, Blaž Zupan

Economic and Business Review

The formation of entrepreneurship-related human capital in primary-school entrepreneurship education programs (EEPs) is of great interest to European policymakers. European education systems have widely implemented EEPs since the Oslo Agenda for entrepreneurship education in Europe was passed in 2006. However, primary-school EEPs remain an underresearched domain of entrepreneurship education. The present article investigates the development of entrepreneurship-related human capital in EEPs for 9–14-year-olds in 22 primary schools. It uses a quasi-experimental design with repeated measures. Based on data obtained from a sample of 180 participants, the analysis finds that the whole group partly improved only one of the components of …


New Dentists’ Most-Asked Legal Questions, Dan Schulte Jd Dec 2023

New Dentists’ Most-Asked Legal Questions, Dan Schulte Jd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This feature addresses new dentists' most frequently asked legal questions, offering concise answers to guide them. Topics include licensing requirements, dental record maintenance, accommodations for hearing-impaired and non-English proficient patients, the enforceability of covenants not to compete, the necessity of written employment agreements, responding to bad dental work, reporting suspected abuse, prescribing drugs to friends and family, contract terms with dental plans, and handling suspected employee theft. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding legal aspects to navigate a dental career successfully.


Mda Workforce Survey Results Are In: Answers And Opportunities, Eric Knudsen Dds Dec 2023

Mda Workforce Survey Results Are In: Answers And Opportunities, Eric Knudsen Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This President's Message addresses critical workforce challenges in dentistry based on the Michigan Dental Association's (MDA) recent workforce survey. The survey identifies significant issues such as the shortage of dental professionals, wage stagnation, and the impact of retirement trends on the dental labor market. Findings indicate a need for immediate solutions, leading the MDA to develop initiatives targeting the return of registered dental assistants (RDAs) and registered dental hygienists (RDHs) to the workforce. The survey results emphasize the importance of competitive wages and desirable benefits to attract and retain dental staff. The MDA plans targeted advertising and free job postings …


J Mich Dent Assoc December 2023 Dec 2023

J Mich Dent Assoc December 2023

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following:

  • A cover story on “New Dentists’ Most Asked Legal Questions”
  • A case report on “Endodontic Therapy, Crown Amputation, and Soft Tissue Advancement to Treat a Hopeless Tooth”
  • A feature “Be a Leader in Your Practice: What’s Your Style?”
  • 2023 Author/Title Index to the Journal of the Michigan Dental Association
  • News you need, a Guest Editorial and regular …


Analysis On The Credit Accessibility And Growth Of Manufacturing Firms In The Cases Of Indonesia, Philippines, And Vietnam, Sophia Angela Jimenez, Kamille Daquinag, Maria Regina Victoria Sagrit, Brian Irvin Chan, Albert Lamberte, Maria Zunally Rapada, Krista Danielle Yu Dec 2023

Analysis On The Credit Accessibility And Growth Of Manufacturing Firms In The Cases Of Indonesia, Philippines, And Vietnam, Sophia Angela Jimenez, Kamille Daquinag, Maria Regina Victoria Sagrit, Brian Irvin Chan, Albert Lamberte, Maria Zunally Rapada, Krista Danielle Yu

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) contribute to income and employment generation, poverty reduction, and industry growth in the ASEAN region (Mendoza, 2015). Their significant contributions to economies have led countries to emphasize the importance of firm growth, which is influenced by credit accessibility. Majority of existing enterprises in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam are composed of MSMEs with limited financial resources to foster growth (Paratama, 2019). This hinders the potential of manufacturing MSMEs to have sufficient funding. However, existing literature suggests that credit access significantly provides a positive impact on firm growth only until a certain threshold point (Nizam …


Staff Matters: Holiday Celebrations That Engage And Appreciate Employees, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp Dec 2023

Staff Matters: Holiday Celebrations That Engage And Appreciate Employees, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This Staff Matters column addresses a dentist's concerns about organizing inclusive end-of-year holiday celebrations for the staff. The response emphasizes the importance of recognizing diverse religious practices and fostering camaraderie. Suggestions include a themed recipe exchange, outdoor activities, community service, or involving staff in event planning. Emphasizing the need for initial guidance to align with goals, the column encourages inclusive celebrations that contribute to staff satisfaction, retention, and a positive workplace atmosphere.


Be A Leader In Your Practice: What’S Your Style?, William Chase Dds, Maom Dec 2023

Be A Leader In Your Practice: What’S Your Style?, William Chase Dds, Maom

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

In this Leadership Development feature, the author draws from a wealth of leadership experience in Rotary to explore the importance of leadership in dentistry. Emphasizing the need for self-evaluation through emotional intelligence, the article delves into five key aspects: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. The author introduces three leadership styles — Transformational Leadership, Situational Leadership, and Servant Leadership — highlighting their characteristics and benefits. Encouraging readers to adopt diverse leadership styles, the piece underlines the significance of effective leadership in dental practice, community engagement, and organized dentistry.


Pengaruh Soft Total Quality Management Terhadap Kinerja Ukm Di Dki Jakarta: Pendekatan Balanced Scorecard, Aufa Yarzqi Zihni, Helman Arif Dec 2023

Pengaruh Soft Total Quality Management Terhadap Kinerja Ukm Di Dki Jakarta: Pendekatan Balanced Scorecard, Aufa Yarzqi Zihni, Helman Arif

Jurnal Manajemen dan Usahawan Indonesia

This study aims to analyse the effect of Soft Total Quality Management (Soft TQM) on SME performance in Jakarta, both from financial and non-financial perspectives. We used a balanced scorecard (BSC) approach and collected 135 datasets through online surveys to the business owners/manager. Data analysis was carried out by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method. The results of the data analysis showed that soft TQM has a negative and not significant effect on SMEs financial perspective, however there is a positive and significant effect on SMEs non-financial perspective. This study also discovered that innovation and leaning perspective mediates the impact of …


Congressional Briefing: Support America’S Circular Economy By Upcycling Bourbon & Brewing Wastes In Reauthorizing The Farm Bill, Samuel Kessler Nov 2023

Congressional Briefing: Support America’S Circular Economy By Upcycling Bourbon & Brewing Wastes In Reauthorizing The Farm Bill, Samuel Kessler

Commonwealth Policy Papers

Following state level development of a new spent grain incentive system, leading to KY House Bill 627 in 2022, CPC’s Congressional Summit dialogue considered initial components and possibilities for designing an incentive to upcycle “keystone” organic wastes in regional economies across the US. For member offices, a set of general recommendations are provided for a national spent-grain upcycling incentive pilot program. It is suggested that staff of the Bourbon caucus consult with the references in this briefing and USDA Rural Development to consider further development of an incentive program in the reauthorization of the Farm Bill.

It is further urged …


Sustainability Innovation In Small Medium Enterprises (Smes): A Qualitative Analysis, Budi Harsanto, Asep Mulyana, Yudi Ahmad Faisal Mr, Venny Mellandhia Shandy, Muntasir Alam Nov 2023

Sustainability Innovation In Small Medium Enterprises (Smes): A Qualitative Analysis, Budi Harsanto, Asep Mulyana, Yudi Ahmad Faisal Mr, Venny Mellandhia Shandy, Muntasir Alam

The Qualitative Report

Prior research suggests that today, sustainability is an important key in innovation. While the integration of sustainability into innovation in large enterprises has been widely studied, research on small-medium enterprises (SMEs) is still lacking. The aim of this study is to understand the sustainability innovation practices in SMEs. We interviewed 30 SME owners and managers in Indonesia and analyzed the data using thematic analysis to understand how SMEs practice sustainability innovation. The findings show that sustainability innovation in the form of product innovation is commonly practiced through the use of more environmentally friendly raw materials and packaging materials. As for …


Motivation And Challenges Of Homestay Owners In Uttarakhand, Kamal Joshi, Pinky Bahuguna Nov 2023

Motivation And Challenges Of Homestay Owners In Uttarakhand, Kamal Joshi, Pinky Bahuguna

Journal of Tourism Insights

Tourism sector is significantly important for Uttarakhand’s economy, and homestays play an imperative role in ensuring the success of the tourism industry therefore the government of Uttarakhand had come up with a homestay promotional scheme. To find out how this scheme has changed the level of motivation and challenges of the homestay owners is a pertinent question. Hence this study examines the motivation to start the homestay and the challenges experienced by homestay owners. The data were gathered through interviews with ten homestay owners and analysed using Thematic Analysis. The findings of the study reveal that motivation from Gram Pradhan …


Social Tourism Entrepreneurship As Tool For Development Of Rural Areas: A Case Study Of Himalayan Region Of Jammu & Kashmir, India, Basith Nabi Wani Reseach Scholar, Danish Iqbal Rania Dr Nov 2023

Social Tourism Entrepreneurship As Tool For Development Of Rural Areas: A Case Study Of Himalayan Region Of Jammu & Kashmir, India, Basith Nabi Wani Reseach Scholar, Danish Iqbal Rania Dr

Journal of Tourism Insights

The promotion of rural tourism has been suggested as a way to promote local economic, social, and cultural renewal. The importance of entrepreneurship in the tourism sector is growing. Since entrepreneurs may be vital in the growth of rural communities, especially those in less industrialized regions, they are frequently confronted with a variety of social issues. Finding new sources of revenue and employment possibilities for them is essential. There is no doubt that entrepreneurial businesses help the host community and the nation's economy. Kashmir's rural areas have certain unique characteristics that can be turned into enticing tourist destinations. This study …


Building Success In The Philippine Retail Sector, Jimmy Thai Nov 2023

Building Success In The Philippine Retail Sector, Jimmy Thai

Asian Management Insights

Jimmy Thai tells us about how the Primer Group has expanded to become the retail giant it is now.


The Relationship Between Startups’ Early Adoption Of Digital Platforms And Startups’ Pre-Money Valuation, Bader Hassan Faqeeh Nov 2023

The Relationship Between Startups’ Early Adoption Of Digital Platforms And Startups’ Pre-Money Valuation, Bader Hassan Faqeeh

Dissertations

The objective of this study was to explore whether there was a significant positive relationship between startups’ early adoption of the digital platforms, namely, 1) mobile application, 2) a premium domain name website, and 3) the existence of active startup social media accounts, and startups’ pre-money valuation. To achieve this objective, this research used a relatively novel method in entrepreneurial research to collect data, whereby LinkedIn’s Sales Navigator was used along with an automation tool in order to send hundreds of automated connection and message requests to investors on LinkedIn who were sent a copy of the survey questions along …


An Examination Of Reward-Based Crowdfunding Performance And Success, Matthew Alan Grace Oct 2023

An Examination Of Reward-Based Crowdfunding Performance And Success, Matthew Alan Grace

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Reward-based crowdfunding (RBCF), where fundraisers raise funds from a crowd of investors in return for a reward, has carved a niche as a proven option for not just entrepreneurs seeking early-stage funding, but also for established firms looking to presell or market a new product or service. Establishing crowdfunding performance and success factors is important for researchers and practitioners alike. Fortunately, a large portion of the RBCF academic literature is immediately applicable to entrepreneurs, with very little additional interpretation required. However, important questions about RBCF remain. The first paper in this three-part dissertation, a systematic literature review, examines some of …


Introduction To International Business, Rajaram Veliyath Oct 2023

Introduction To International Business, Rajaram Veliyath

KSU Distinguished Course Repository

An introduction to the global business environment, this course examines the discrete and interactive effects of the geographic, historical, sociocultural, political/legal, economic and technological forces that shape business activities across borders and their consequences.


Growing Entrepreneurial Communities, Mark Bannister, Justin W. Evans Oct 2023

Growing Entrepreneurial Communities, Mark Bannister, Justin W. Evans

Journal of Business & Entrepreneurship

A pioneering segment of economic development practitioners, entrepreneurs, and scholars have advocated moving away from industrial recruitment and attraction programs to instead focus on designing vibrant systems for starting and growing businesses as a strategic approach for creating jobs, affluence, and community vitality. This article considers the lessons learned from “the largest focus group in economic development”—the 2016 Growing Entrepreneurial Communities Summit. The findings from this study are among the first to report the input from a broad spectrum of thought leaders including entrepreneurs, practitioner experts, and academics on creating entrepreneurial communities reflecting a strong consensus on processes and …


Demand Pull Versus Resource Push Training Approaches To Entrepreneurship: A Field Experiment, Simone Santamaria, Niloofar Abolfathi, Ishtiag Pasha Mahmood Oct 2023

Demand Pull Versus Resource Push Training Approaches To Entrepreneurship: A Field Experiment, Simone Santamaria, Niloofar Abolfathi, Ishtiag Pasha Mahmood

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We compare the efficacy of two broad approaches to entrepreneurship training: a training prioritizing demand-side activities versus a training prioritizing resource-side activities. We do so by running a field experiment inside a 6-month entrepreneurship program involving 236 early-stage entrepreneurs. Inspired by our training, the first group invested more time interacting with potential customers and developing a deep understanding of customer needs and problems. The other group, in contrast, spent more time identifying and exploiting their core resources such as their network. Our results reveal that the training prioritizing demand-side activities is substantially more effective. At the end of the program, …


Building Strength Through Collaboration: What Faith Community Nurses Need To Know, Marcia A. Potter Sep 2023

Building Strength Through Collaboration: What Faith Community Nurses Need To Know, Marcia A. Potter

International Journal of Faith Community Nursing

This article is a practical guide and viewpoint narrative that offers definitions, justifications for, process steps, and a how-to checklist for Faith Community Nurses considering collaboration between multiple agencies outside of their own. The author offers simple guidelines and how-to advice on securing success, avoiding risks, and preventing costly misunderstandings between cooperating agencies when combining resources.


Developing An Integrative Theoretical Framework For Electronic Business Value Optimisation In Botswana, Meduduetso Tsumake-Tsiang, Adheesh Budree Sep 2023

Developing An Integrative Theoretical Framework For Electronic Business Value Optimisation In Botswana, Meduduetso Tsumake-Tsiang, Adheesh Budree

African Conference on Information Systems and Technology

Organizations are trying to move quickly to adopt remote working policies into their organizations as to attract and retain top talent, reduce office space costs, and increase productivity. As many of these strategies were quickly adopted by South African ICT organizations during the COIVD-19 pandemic, organizations are still somewhat unclear on what their role is with regards to ensuring long term adoption of remote working. Thus, this study explored the role of the organization with regards to a work-from-home strategy. It was found that the organization is responsible for formalizing the chosen strategy, creating supportive policies, and adapting its management …