Creative Achievement And Intelligence In Student Entrepreneurs, Todd A. Finkle, Mark Shrader
Dec 2014
Creative Achievement And Intelligence In Student Entrepreneurs, Todd A. Finkle, Mark Shrader
Todd A Finkle
This study fills a gap in the entrepreneurship literature by investigating creative achievement and intelligence within students who have been entrepreneurs. The study looks at differences in the levels of creative achievement and intelligence between students who have been entrepreneurs versus those who have not been entrepreneurs. The study used the Creative Achievement Quotient (CAQ) (Carson, Peterson, & Higgins, 2005) and college entrance exam scores and grades as measures of intelligence. There were several significant findings. First, students who had been entrepreneurs had significantly lower college entrance exam scores. Secondly, students that had been entrepreneurs had significantly higher CAQs. Finally, …
An Examination Of The Job Market For Entrepreneurship Faculty From 1989 To 2014, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2014
An Examination Of The Job Market For Entrepreneurship Faculty From 1989 To 2014, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
Utilizing institutional theory this article examines data based on the trends in the market for entrepreneurship faculty over the past 25 years. Data is provided from June, 1989 through June, 2014 on advertised candidates and positions throughout the world. There were several significant findings in this study. During the most recent year, 2013/14, there were 258 advertised positions (both tenure track and non tenure track) for entrepreneurship faculty in Schools of Business and Management. During the same time frame, the number of advertised candidates was 147. The ratio of total jobs per candidate during 2013/14 was 1.76. This ratio is …
Creativity Exercises In The Field Of Entrepreneurship, Todd A. Finkle, Mark Shrader
Dec 2014
Creativity Exercises In The Field Of Entrepreneurship, Todd A. Finkle, Mark Shrader
Todd A Finkle
The purpose of this article is to provide entrepreneurship educators with examples of exercises to foster creativity within their entrepreneurship programs. We discuss attributes that develop creativity as well as those that deter creativity. We also outline 10 specific exercises that instructors can use in their classrooms to stimulate creativity. The practical implications of the article will allow entrepreneurship educators to become more proficient in stimulating student creativity in today’s ever-changing environment.
The Proactive Behavior Of Younger Salespeople: Antecedents And Outcomes, Michael Mallin, Charles Ragland, Todd A. Finkle
Sep 2014
The Proactive Behavior Of Younger Salespeople: Antecedents And Outcomes, Michael Mallin, Charles Ragland, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
The purpose of this study is to model and test some of the antecedents (individual characteristics) and outcomes (selling performance) of proactive behavior among younger salespeople. Using social cognitive theory agency perspective, we extend the existing proactive behavior literature into the sales domain. We sampled 278 industrial salespeople and tested a model to confirm that younger salespeople tend to engage in proactive behaviors when they are intrinsically motivated, confident in the tasks of selling, and willing to take risks. Proactive behavior, in turn, resulted in our salesperson sample demonstrating high levels of behavior performance and job involvement. Our findings may …
Do Moocs Pose A Threat To Higher Education?, Todd A. Finkle, Evan Masters
Sep 2014
Do Moocs Pose A Threat To Higher Education?, Todd A. Finkle, Evan Masters
Todd A Finkle
Higher education is facing several obstacles, one of which is the prolific rise in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). This article examines the history of online education and also provides a background of the current organizations that are competing in the MOOC industry. The success of MOOCs and the current hurdles they have to overcome are examined. The article also discusses the current and future potential impact of MOOCs on higher education. Finally, the authors make recommendations to schools of higher education on how to deal with this potential threat.
Job Opportunities For Faculty In The Field Of Entrepreneurship, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2012
Job Opportunities For Faculty In The Field Of Entrepreneurship, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
This article examines the changes in the market for entrepreneurship faculty over the past 23 years. Data is provided from June, 1989 through June, 2012 on advertised candidates and positions throughout the world. There were several significant findings in this study. During the academic year 2011/12 there were 319 total advertised entrepreneurship positions of which 202 (63%) were seeking a candidate with a primary interest in entrepreneurship. This is the highest number of primary positions since this study was initiated in 1989. Furthermore, in 2011/12 there were 203 tenure track positions, which is the largest number since the beginning of …
An Examination Of The Financial Challenges Of Entrepreneurship Centers Throughout The World, Todd A. Finkle, Teresa Menzies, Donald F. Kuratko, Michael G. Goldsby
Dec 2012
An Examination Of The Financial Challenges Of Entrepreneurship Centers Throughout The World, Todd A. Finkle, Teresa Menzies, Donald F. Kuratko, Michael G. Goldsby
Todd A Finkle
This article fills a need in the entrepreneurship literature by investigating the finances of entrepreneurship centers throughout the world. Entrepreneurship center directors were surveyed (249 U.S. and 111 Global) about the various facets of their center’s finances. We received 174 responses for a 49% response rate (U.S. 49%, international 49%). We explore the financing of entrepreneurship centers and the relationship between U.S. and international centers. The results of this research project can be used as a benchmark for entrepreneurship center directors in understanding the financial challenges confronting their centers.
The Hogan Entrepreneurial Leadership Program: An Innovative Model Of Entrepreneurship Education, Paul F. Buller, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2012
The Hogan Entrepreneurial Leadership Program: An Innovative Model Of Entrepreneurship Education, Paul F. Buller, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
This paper presents the Hogan Entrepreneurial Leadership Program, a four-year, university-wide undergraduate program, as a proven, innovative model for undergraduate entrepreneurship education. The paper will discuss the following: (1) context and mission of the program; (2) distinguishing features of the program; (3) structure and funding of the program; (4) student and program outcomes, and (5) lessons learned.
Trends In The Market For Entrepreneurship Faculty From 1989-2011, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2012
Trends In The Market For Entrepreneurship Faculty From 1989-2011, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
Utilizing institutional theory, this article examines data based on the trends in the market for entrepreneurship faculty over the past 22 years. Data is provided from June, 1989 through June, 2011 on advertised candidates and positions throughout the world. The paper shows that the field of entrepreneurship has become increasingly institutionalized over the past 10 years. However, more recent evidence shows a significant increase of non tenure track positions. A discussion of the results follows.
Trends In The Market For Entrepreneurship Faculty From 1989 To 2010, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2011
Trends In The Market For Entrepreneurship Faculty From 1989 To 2010, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
The purpose of this article is to educate schools and candidates about opportunities available for employment within the field of entrepreneurship in higher education. Data is provided from June, 1989 through June, 2010 on advertised candidates and positions throughout the world. The article examines the trends over the past 21 years with a primary focus on how the current economic crisis is affecting the job environment. The findings of this study show that the field has matured in regards to tenure track and non tenure track positions. Implications and recommended strategies are discussed for both candidates and school administrators.
Wisdom From Warren Buffett, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2011
Wisdom From Warren Buffett, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
This article documents a trip that was made to visit Warren Buffett, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway world at his Global Headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska. A select number of universities are invited to visit Buffett every year. Gonzaga University was fortunate to be invited by Buffett based on an innovative assignment assigned by Dr. Todd A. Finkle in an entrepreneurship course. This article discusses the strategy that was used to get Buffett to invite Gonzaga to visit Buffett. The trip to Omaha entailed visiting two of Berkshire Hathaway’s subsidiaries Furniture Mart and Borsheim’s Jewelers; a 2.5 hour question and …
Financing Activities Of Entrepreneurship Centers In The United States, Todd A. Finkle, Teresa Menzies, Donald F. Kuratko, Michael G. Goldsby
Dec 2011
Financing Activities Of Entrepreneurship Centers In The United States, Todd A. Finkle, Teresa Menzies, Donald F. Kuratko, Michael G. Goldsby
Todd A Finkle
This article examines the financial activities within a sample of entrepreneurship centers in the United States. 249 entrepreneurship centers were surveyed about their center's endowments, budgets, salaries, fundraising, seminars/workshops and other financial activities. We received 122 responses for a 49% response rate. The findings of this research can be used as a benchmark for both U.S. schools and center directors in deter,mining benchmarks for their respective centers.
Ethical Considerations Of Sales Channel Selection In The Field Of Entrepreneurship, Todd A. Finkle, Michael Mallin
Dec 2010
Ethical Considerations Of Sales Channel Selection In The Field Of Entrepreneurship, Todd A. Finkle, Michael Mallin
Todd A Finkle
Increased scrutiny of corporate actions in today’s business climate puts pressure on all facets of business to adhere to ethical practices founded on principles that are honest, fair and transparent to the stakeholders (Turner, 2010). The importance of business ethics becomes essential in the entrepreneurial setting. Consumer word of mouth and viral internet communications are just a few ways that a negative ethical image could ruin a small business. In fact, Rutherford, Buller and Stebbins (2009) point out scholars have yet to investigate the legitimacy of new ventures. Most of the known research that has been compiled by a few …
Apple Inc.: Product Portfolio Analysis, Michael Mallin, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2010
Apple Inc.: Product Portfolio Analysis, Michael Mallin, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
This case assesses a company’s product line mix relative to two marketing environmental factors and explores four product line growth strategies using a product portfolio analysis approach. The case provides a history of the Apple Computer Company and its key product lines. An approach to analyzing a company’s product portfolio is reviewed and applied to Apple’s product lines. The case shows how each Apple product line fits within the portfolio analysis tool and will be asked questions relative to possible strategies for Apple’s product portfolio. The case illustrates one approach to making decisions about a company’s line of products. The …
Richard Branson And Virgin, Inc., Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2010
Richard Branson And Virgin, Inc., Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
Richard Branson built a billion dollar company based on numerous entrepreneurial endeavors, however he was facing one of the most difficult times in his career. The global economic crisis had a significant negative impact on his companies’ revenues and earnings. Virgin, Inc. was down 40%. The world was stuck in the worst economic crisis since the 1930’s. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) had collapsed 55% from 2007 to 2009 and the banking system was on the verge of collapse. Yet, Branson was optimistic because he was thinking about what opportunities lay ahead. He had five billion dollars in cash …
Entrepreneurship Education Trends, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2009
Entrepreneurship Education Trends, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
This study discusses recent trends in the field of entrepreneurship at schools of higher education throughout the world. Entrepreneurship continues to be one of the fastest growing areas in higher education. The findings of this study indicate that there were 366 job openings at schools and 231 candidates seeking positions in entrepreneurship during 2007/08. The findings also show that the number of international positions has virtually doubled since last year to 76, while the number of international candidates was 62. The article also looks at other trends and makes recommendations to candidates and schools in regards to the job market.
Lessons Learned From The “Oracle Of Omaha” Warren Buffett, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2009
Lessons Learned From The “Oracle Of Omaha” Warren Buffett, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
This article documents a trip that was made by students from the University of Akron’s College of Business to visit Warren Buffett, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway and the second richest man in the world at his Global Headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska. Every year, Buffett invites a select number of schools to Omaha to visit with him and tour a few of his companies. This article discusses the strategy that the University of Akron used to get invited to visit Buffett, the activities throughout the day with Buffett, and the lessons learned from the “Oracle of Omaha”. The trip …
Constructing An Innovative Model Of Entrepreneurship Education Through Regional Collaboration, Todd A. Finkle, Jack Soper, Dan Fox, Jack Reece, Julie Messing
Dec 2008
Constructing An Innovative Model Of Entrepreneurship Education Through Regional Collaboration, Todd A. Finkle, Jack Soper, Dan Fox, Jack Reece, Julie Messing
Todd A Finkle
The purpose of this article is to discuss a new self-funding model of collaborative, regional entrepreneurship education among colleges and universities called the Entrepreneurship Education Consortium (EEC). The article will discuss the following: (1) the development and objectives of a non-profit entity among seven colleges and universities; (2) initiatives to educate students about entrepreneurship; (3) stakeholders involved in the process; (4) funding issues; (5) empirical findings that support the success of the EEC; (6) a discussion on how the model can be replicated; and (7) lessons learned and limitations.
Social Entrepreneurship & Direct Marketing, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2006
Social Entrepreneurship & Direct Marketing, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
To assist the social entrepreneur with direct marketing decision, the authors examine the relationship between the risks and costs associated with direct marketing for nonprofit organizations. This is done by developing and presenting a framework centered on two uncertainty factors – the cost to implement a direct marketing solution and control over (e.g., ability to manage) resources. A transaction cost analysis (economic) argument is used to rationalize the importance for entrepreneurs to effectively manage these two uncertainty factors when implementing a direct marketing program. This is illustrated using a perceptual mapping of each direct marketing channel relative to the two …
Perceptions Of Tenure Requirements & Research Records Of Entrepreneurship Faculty Earning Tenure: 1964-2002, Todd A. Finkle, Phil E. Stetz, Michael Mallin
Dec 2006
Perceptions Of Tenure Requirements & Research Records Of Entrepreneurship Faculty Earning Tenure: 1964-2002, Todd A. Finkle, Phil E. Stetz, Michael Mallin
Todd A Finkle
Despite the desperate financial disposition at universities today, entrepreneurship education continues to play a vital role at universities and colleges throughout the world. Increased competition from companies, international schools, the Internet, and a decrease in the number of foreigners applying to graduate schools has not stopped universities from building their entrepreneurship programs. This article will show that there is still a strong demand for entrepreneurship faculty. Despite a slowdown in the market over the past few years, the current market for entrepreneurship faculty remains optimistic with demand outpacing supply.
Trends In The Market For Entrepreneurship Faculty From 1989-2005, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 2006
Trends In The Market For Entrepreneurship Faculty From 1989-2005, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
Despite the desperate financial disposition at universities today, entrepreneurship education continues to play a vital role at universities and colleges throughout the world. Increased competition from companies, international schools, the Internet, and a decrease in the number of foreigners applying to graduate schools has not stopped universities from building their entrepreneurship programs. This article will show that there is still a strong demand for entrepreneurship faculty. Despite a slowdown in the market over the past few years, the current market for entrepreneurship faculty remains optimistic with demand outpacing supply.
An Examination Of Entrepreneurship Centers In The United States: A National Survey, Todd A. Finkle, Donald F. Kuratko, Michael G. Goldsby
Dec 2005
An Examination Of Entrepreneurship Centers In The United States: A National Survey, Todd A. Finkle, Donald F. Kuratko, Michael G. Goldsby
Todd A Finkle
This study fills a gap in previous research by performing an in-depth analysis of 146 entrepreneurship centers in the United States. This two-part study looks at the characteristics of the entire sample of entrepreneurship centers and then examines the differences between top-ranked centers and nonranked centers. The findings indicate that top-ranked centers have three times as many endowed chairs as non- ranked centers. Top-ranked centers also offer more comprehensive graduate pro- grams. Overall, top-ranked centers have more resources and personnel. The findings of this study will assist students, faculty, staff, administrators, directors, and other stakeholders of entrepreneurship centers.
Insider Trading Around New Drug Approvals, Todd A. Finkle, Laurence Blose, Reinhold Lamb
Dec 2004
Insider Trading Around New Drug Approvals, Todd A. Finkle, Laurence Blose, Reinhold Lamb
Todd A Finkle
This paper examines the stock market reaction to 167 FDA announcements of new drug approvals during the period 1980 - 1999. Using an event study methodology, the study finds that there are significant positive abnormal returns on the day of the announcement of new drug approvals. However, there is no evidence of significant positive returns prior to the announcement. Accordingly, the paper concludes that any buying pressure arising from insiders anticipating the approval announcement does not affect the value of the stock. Significant returns do not occur until after the announcement, which is consistent with the behavior of an efficient …
A Comparative Analysis Of The Performance Of Emerging Versus Nonemerging Industry Initial Public Offerings, Todd A. Finkle, Reinhold Lamb
Dec 2001
A Comparative Analysis Of The Performance Of Emerging Versus Nonemerging Industry Initial Public Offerings, Todd A. Finkle, Reinhold Lamb
Todd A Finkle
This study fills a gap in previous research by investigating differences between the short and long run aftermarket performance in a sample of emerging versus non-emerging industries. Utilizing the entire population of biotechnology, semiconductor, and Internet IPOs from 1993-1996 as a representative sample of emerging industries, this study found that emerging firms were significantly underpriced compared to a set of non-emerging IPOs.
Trends In The Market For Entrepreneurship Faculty, 1989-1998, Todd A. Finkle, David L. Deeds
Oct 2001
Trends In The Market For Entrepreneurship Faculty, 1989-1998, Todd A. Finkle, David L. Deeds
Todd A Finkle
The last decade has seen a dramatic rise in the number and status of entrepreneurship programs in schools of business and management. The popularity of entrepreneurship courses has increased dramatically among both graduate and undergraduate students. Alumni and external constituencies of schools of business have generally been supportive of the development of entrepreneurship programs, and in fact in many instances it has been the demands of these constituencies that have led to the creation or expansion of entrepreneurship programs within these schools. The growth in entrepreneurship programs has been fostered by an increase in the popularity of entrepreneurship, an increase …
Impact Of E-Commerce On Entrepreneurs And Small Businesses: Opportunities, Challenges, And Strategies, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 1999
Impact Of E-Commerce On Entrepreneurs And Small Businesses: Opportunities, Challenges, And Strategies, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
Small businesses and entrepreneurs are rushing to the Internet to do business and reach new markets. While e-commerce is used for advertising, business-to-consumer and business-to-business transactions, small businesses and entrepreneurs encounter several challenges. This paper examines both the opportunities and challenges that are posed by the use of e-commerce and makes recommendations to small businesses and entrepreneurs so they can overcome the challenges and exploit the opportunities presented by e-commerce.
West Point Market: Managing A Challenge From The Eeoc, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 1999
West Point Market: Managing A Challenge From The Eeoc, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
Russell Vernon, a second-generation owner and manager of West Point Market in Akron, Ohio must decide whether to settle, go to court or reconcile (mutually agreeable solution) with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission on an allegation of racial discrimination. He firmly believes that he is innocent. If he chooses to reconcile or settle the case out of court, he could be construed as a racist. If he chooses to go to court and loses, he may lose his family business. This emotionally charged situation is presented as a management decision that must be based on an analysis of the facts. …
The Performance Of Initial Public Offerings In The Biotechnology Industry, Todd A. Finkle, Dan French
Dec 1997
The Performance Of Initial Public Offerings In The Biotechnology Industry, Todd A. Finkle, Dan French
Todd A Finkle
This study examines the underpricing and aftermarket performance of the emerging industry of biotechnology. Findings indicate that the average first day return for the biotech firms was 1.8 and 1.6 percent. Furthermore, the biotech firms significantly underperformed the NASDAQ (-30.7%) and NYSE (-16.5%) over a two-year period after going public.
An Examination Of Initial Public Offerings In The “High Flying” Internet Industry, Todd A. Finkle, Dan French
Dec 1997
An Examination Of Initial Public Offerings In The “High Flying” Internet Industry, Todd A. Finkle, Dan French
Todd A Finkle
This study examines the underpricing and aftermarket performance of the emerging industry of biotechnology. Findings indicate that the average first day return for the biotech firms was 1.8 and 1.6 percent. Furthermore, the biotech firms significantly underperformed the NASDAQ (-30.7%) and NYSE (-16.5%) over a two-year period after going public.
The Relationship Between Boards Of Directors And Initial Public Offerings In The Biotechnology Industry, Todd A. Finkle
Dec 1997
The Relationship Between Boards Of Directors And Initial Public Offerings In The Biotechnology Industry, Todd A. Finkle
Todd A Finkle
Utilizing the entire population of public biotechnology firms from 1980-1994, three models were tested to determine if a relationship exists between the size and composition of the board of directors with performance. Results indicate significant positive relationships between director expertise and the size of a firm’s initial public offering. Going public during hot markets and larger firms were also related to larger initial public offerings. These findings will benefit practitioners in the formation of boards within the biotechnology industry. Managers of firms within the biotechnology industry who are contemplating a public offering will be able to proactively address the composition …
