Business Commons^™

The Influence Of Gender And Social Attention To Gender Equality On Applicant Acceptance Into Venture Development Programs: Competing Perspectives, Christopher R. Reutzel, Carrie A. Belsito, Jamie D. Collins

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to add to the small but growing body of research examining the influence of founder gender on new venture access to venture development programs.

Design/methodology/approach: Hypotheses were tested utilizing a sample of 482 nascent technology ventures which applied for admittance into a venture development organization headquartered in the southern region of the United States from March 2004 through February 2016.

Findings: Findings suggest that female-founded applicant ventures experience a higher likelihood of acceptance into venture development programs than male-founded applicant ventures. Results further suggest that social attention to gender equality reduces this effect …

Transitional Entrepreneurship: Unleashing Entrepreneurial Potential Across Numerous Challenging Contexts, Golshan Javadian, Anil Nair, David Ahlstrom, Kaveh Moghaddam, Li-Wei Chen, Younggeun Lee

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Transitional entrepreneurship refers to the practices of entrepreneurs from communities facing adversity who navigate substantial life transitions as they launch and manage new ventures in response to various changes and challenges in their environment. Entrepreneurship is not only a critical driver of economic growth and social development (Ahlstrom et al., 2019; McCloskey, 2010) but can also represent a life-changing transition for most, if not all, of the entrepreneurs themselves. Transitional entrepreneurship entails strategic pivots or transformations that enable entrepreneurs to adapt and thrive in evolving circumstances. In this regard, transitional entrepreneurship research focuses on entrepreneurs from veterans, minorities, immigrants, refugees, …

Effect Of Nascent Entrepreneurs' Training On Their Stress: The Role Of Gender And Participants' Interaction, Etienne St-Jean, Maripier Tremblay, Franck Barès, Monica Simionato

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose: A career in entrepreneurship is stressful, especially during the start-up phase. Training programs for these nascent entrepreneurs are designed to improve entrepreneurial competencies and, more generally to generate learnings. Although learning outcomes can reduce stress, the conditions under which this can happen are not fully understood. The study looks particularly at the effect of learning, interaction with other participants and gender.

Design/methodology/approach: A six-month three-wave longitudinal study of 120 nascent entrepreneurs has been conducted to investigate the before-and-after effects of training on stress reduction. The training is specially designed to develop competencies, share knowledge about business creation and support …

Jump To Platform Faster? Gender, Institutional Change, And Pre-Entrant Entrepreneurial Attempt, Lei Xu, K. Praveen Parboteeah, Hanqing Fang

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – The authors enrich and extend the existing institutional anomie theory (IAT) in the hope of sharpening the understanding of the joint effects of selected cultural values and social institutional changes on women’s pre-entrant entrepreneurial attempts. The authors theorize that women are culturally discouraged to pursue pre-entrant entrepreneurial attempts or wealth accumulation in a specific culture. This discouragement creates an anomic strain that motivates women to deviate from cultural prescriptions by engaging in pre-entrant entrepreneurial attempts at a faster speed. Building on this premise, the authors hypothesize that changes in social institutions facilitate the means of achievement for women …

Advancing The Model Of Social Entrepreneurial Intention: The Role Of Perceived Financial Security, Minhajul Islam Ukil, Muhammad Shariat Ullah, Dan K. Hsu

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose: Although few studies indicate that financial concerns matter to social entrepreneurs, the literature is unclear about the extent to which a financial motive affects the intention to start a new social enterprise. Moreover, prior research suggests that the intention to start a new enterprise heavily depends on the societal context in which the enterprise operates. Therefore, this study aims to examine the seminal model of social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) developed by Hockerts (2017) in a different social context; additionally, it proposes a new antecedent of SEI – perceived financial security.

Design/methodology/approach: This study used two different measurement scales and …

Decoding Underperformance Of Entrepreneurship At The Bottom Of The Pyramid: A Literature Review Of The Field, Amber Y. Chang, Yalan Xu

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – Driving economic development at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) is an enduring global challenge. While the market-based approach places hope on entrepreneurship as a major impetus to drive the underdeveloped economy, the performance of entrepreneurial businesses and their impact on poverty reduction are sometimes below expectations. This paper seeks to examine the factors that may be hindering entrepreneurship within the BOP context. This paper presents preliminary answers and provides research suggestions related to this question.

Design/methodology/approach – In order to identify the reasons behind the underperformance of entrepreneurship at the BOP, a comprehensive literature review was conducted …

Entrepreneurial Support Organization (Eso) Narratives And Transitional Entrepreneurship In Detroit, Allison Lucas, Rahul Mitra

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – To understand how narratives used by entrepreneurial support organizations (ESOs) in Detroit’s growing entrepreneurial ecosystem shape transitional entrepreneurs’ social reality. We offer theoretical and practical insights to elicit critical support, formulate policies and programs and guide ongoing empirical examination of transitional entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach – We adopt a multi-case study approach, looking at two ESOs in Detroit: one focused on promoting high-growth entrepreneurship and securing financial capital for technology entrepreneurs, the other focused on promoting everyday entrepreneurship (especially among underserved communities) and amassing a more diverse array of resources. We conduct a thematic analysis of organizational texts and interview …

Ideology And Ethics Of Transitional Entrepreneurs: Legitimacy, Soft Law, And Overcoming A Distressed Economy, Maryam Khosravi, Mojtaba Amiri, Nezameddin Faghih

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – Transitional entrepreneurship in distressed economies is a fairly new concept with respect to new ventures in such challenging economic environments. Formal institutional voids are sometimes held up as a reason for the difficulties present in distressed economies, along with exogenous shocks and other upheavals. In this research, the authors seek to contribute empirically and theoretically as to ways in which formal institutions voids can be filled by a culture developed by transitional entrepreneurs. Indeed, in transition economies, formal institutions need to be enhanced by informal institutions to control corruption and other misbehavior by authorities. Iranian economists emphasize these …

The Entrepreneurial Cognitive Adjustment Mechanism: Transitional Entrepreneurship As A Solution To Mitigate Illegal Migration, Jorge Arteaga-Fonseca, Yi (Elaine) Zhang, Per Bylund

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose

In this paper, the authors suggest that Central Americans can use entrepreneurship to solve economic uncertainty in their home country and that entrepreneurship can contribute to reducing the number of undocumented migrants to the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors first illustrate the context of Central American illegal migration to the USA from a transitional entrepreneurship perspective, the authors address the economic drivers of illegal migration from Central America, which results in marginalization in the USA. Second, the authors build a theoretical model that suggests that Central Americans can improve their entrepreneurial abilities through the entrepreneurial cognitive adjustment mechanism.

Findings

Central …

Twenty-Five Years Of New England Journal Of Entrepreneurship: A Bibliometric Review, Younggeun Lee, Satish Kumar, Andrés Felipe Cortés, Riya Sureka, Weng Marc Lim

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose: In 2023, the New England Journal of Entrepreneurship (NEJE) reached its 25th anniversary.To commemorate this major milestone as well as entrepreneurship’s growth as an academic field, the study employs bibliometric methods to provide key trends and research suggestions for entrepreneurship scholars using all original research published in the journal.

Design/methodology/approach: The authors perform two predominant bibliometric techniques, performance analysis and science mapping, using all 251 articles published by NEJE from1998 to 2022.

Findings: The authors find that the impact of entrepreneurship research published at NEJE is growing consistently and that the challenge of the future will be to maintain …

National Culture And Attitudes’ Impact On Diffusion Of Sustainable New Technology-Based Products, Mayank Jaiswal, Lee Zane

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – Sustainability is increasingly becoming an essential aspect of technological innovations. In addition, the diffusion of sustainable new technology-based products appears to be uneven across the globe. The authors examine the effect of three country-level Hofstede measures of culture and two national-level innovation characteristics on the diffusion of Sustainable New Technology-based Products (SNTP).

Design/methodology/approach – Regression and Necessary Conditions Analysis were used to analyze a panel dataset of electric and hybrid vehicles sales from 2008 to 2017 across 89 countries.

Findings – Results suggest Long-Term Orientation (LTO) was correlated with SNTP diffusion, Indulgence (IVR) was partially correlated with SNTP …

Demystifying Entrepreneurial Name Choice: Insights From The Us Biotech Industry, Irina Stoyneva, Veselina Vracheva

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – Drawing from legitimacy entrepreneurship theory, this study assesses the naming patterns of entrepreneurial firms in the US biotechnology industry.

Design/methodology/approach - The authors use a mixed-methods design of content analysis and regression to analyze a sample of 441 entrepreneurial biotechnology firms, for which data were obtained from Net Advantage. The authors track changes to the proportion of firms with naming attributes, such as name length and type of name. The authors also examine variability in those characteristics during the industry’s evolution, comparing freestanding to acquired start-ups.

Findings - Start-ups select names that are longer, more descriptive, begin with …

Architectural Dimensions Of Socially Driven Venture Capital Firms: Social Innovation In The Capital Markets, Raymond Jones, Manjula S. Salimath

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – Private equity and venture capital (VC) firms in the capital markets sector invest capital with the primary goal of delivering economic value. However, some firms in the capital markets sector have started to shift this focus to create (i.e. invest in) social value. More specifically, traditional VC firms are starting socially oriented funds, while other firms have emerged to focus solely on investments in social enterprises. These VC firms are contributing to an interesting paradox – performance metrics are not measured by profit alone but also by social innovation. From an architectural perspective, the authors examine the implications …

Problems Of Political Unrest: Women In Small Businesses In Bangladesh, Jasmine Jaim

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – Whereas the extant literature on women’s entrepreneurship is almost exclusively focused on developed nations, the effect of many context-specific issues of other countries on ventures of women has been overlooked. The study aims to reveal how political unrest, a common feature of the developing nation, can significantly affect the experiences of women in small businesses of that region.

Design/methodology/approach – This feminist research is conducted on Bangladesh, which is one of the most politically unstable countries in the world. The study conducts interviews with women to explore the adverse effect of political unrest on their small firms. Findings …

Impact Of College Education On Incorporated And Unincorporated Self-Employment: Variations Among African Americans And Hispanics, Xuguang Guo, Wei Chen, Denis Iurchenko

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – This study examines the impact of college education on incorporated and unincorporated selfemployments. It specifically compares the effects on African Americans and Hispanics with the effects on Whites.

Design/methodology/approach – The study sample was drawn from the US Current Population Survey between 1989 and 2018. Based on a sample size of 1,657,043 individuals, this study employed logit regression models to test the hypotheses. Racial variations were examined using African Americans and Hispanics as moderators.

Findings – The results suggest that college education increases incorporated self-employment and reduces unincorporated self-employment. The impact of college education on incorporated self-employment is …

Polychronicity, Decision-Making And Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Of Venture Team Founders: An Exploratory Study, Hsing-Er Lin, Rachel S. Shinnar, Yongchuan Shi, Dan Hsu

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose - This study explores the role of polychronic temporal orientation and decision-making decentralization on founders' perceptions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE).

Design/methodology/approach - Longitudinal survey data were collected from 141 business founders in China.

Findings - Findings suggest that decision-making decentralization is positively associated with founders' ESE. In addition, a polychronic temporal orientation is positively related to ESE, and this relationship is mediated by decision-making decentralization.

Originality/value - This study adds to existing knowledge on ESE and temporal related issues by presenting empirical evidence that explains how and why the temporal orientation context and the practice of decision-making decentralization can …

An Examination Of How Personal Characteristics Moderate The Relationship Between Startup Intent And Entrepreneurship Education, Tyler Burch, Neil M. Tocher, Gregory Murphy

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose - While research has identified a consistent link between startup intent and entrepreneurship education (EE) intentions, studies also indicate that many entrepreneurs lack the EE they need. However, research examining factors that explain why certain individuals with high startup intent pursue EE while others do not is rare.Given this, the purpose of this paper is to examine how individual characteristics moderate the startup intent EE intentions relationship.

Design/methodology/approach - Survey data were gathered on 199 US adults. Moderators examined include attitudes toward education, perceived entrepreneurial efficacy, propensity for risk taking and the Big Five personality traits. Linear regression models …

Thinking About Developing Business Leadership For The Post-Covid World, Stephen M. Brown, Martha J. Crawford

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of a successful model on how to prepare business students to be successful in a new, post-pandemic world that faces enormous social challenges.

Design/methodology/approach– The article discusses the current business and social movements that suggest the relevance of social entrepreneurship and explain the pedagogical model developed at the Center for Nonprofits at Sacred Heart University.

Findings– The article suggests how this pedagogical model may provide students with the skills, attitudes and values required for successful social entrepreneurship processes.

Research limitations/implications– The article presents the current picture which will undoubtedly …

Guest Editorial : New Trends In Entrepreneurship: A Global Context, Jun Li, Irem Demirkan, Younggeun Lee, Andrés Felipe Cortés

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

When management guru Peter Drucker wrote about entrepreneurship in 1984 (Drucker, 1984), entrepreneurial activities were primarily perceived as an American phenomenon. Today, entrepreneurship has spurred globally, from developed countries to emerging economies, thanks to accelerated globalization, integration of people and cultures, and rapid technological innovation. While Drucker’s focus on entrepreneurial decisions in the late 1980s was mainly about established corporations, millions of empowered individual entrepreneurs are increasingly recognized as the backbone of the global economy (Khanna, 2007). Thomas Friedman once described this stage of globalization as globalization 4.0, which features empowered entrepreneurial individuals (Friedman, 2005). New technology, especially information and …

Investigating The Mediating Role Of Market Orientation Between Internal Marketing And The Development Of Entrepreneurial Orientation Within Private Sports Clubs, Hossein Mansouri, Saeed S. Boroujerdi, Michael Polonsky, Maizaitulaidawati M. Husin, Mehdi Seydi

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose–This studyexamines the role of market orientation in the relationship between internal marketing and entrepreneurial orientation within private sports clubs.

Design/methodology/approach–The research is a descriptive-correlational study based on private sports clubs employees within Iran (Sanandaj). A theoretical model was developed based on the literature and tested using SPSS and PLS-SEM software.

Findings– The findings indicate a positive relationship between internal marketing and employees’ entrepreneurial orientation. Market orientation has also played a positive mediating role in the relationship between internal marketing and entrepreneurial orientation.

Originality/value– The results suggest a higher level of market orientation in the organization can increase teamwork and, …

Entrepreneurship Education And Founding Passion: The Moderating Role Of Entrepreneurial Family Background, Younggeun Lee, Andrés Felipe Cortés, Minjoo Joo

WCBT Faculty Publications

In this paper, we examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion. Despite the advancement of entrepreneurship education literature and the increasing focus on entrepreneurship education in business schools, we lack empirical exploration on how entrepreneurship education can impact students’ passion for founding new organizations. We hypothesize that students who take entrepreneurship classes would develop high levels of founding passion due to a great perception of skills and abilities that increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions about the entrepreneurship process. Moreover, we draw on the literature on role models to suggest that students’ entrepreneurial family background (students whose …

Perceived Violations Of Reward Delivery Obligations In Reward-Based Crowdfunding: An Integrated Theoretical Framework, Anthony Macari, Chun (Grace) Guo

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – This conceptual paper focuses on a common observation in the implementation stage of rewardbased crowdfunding (RBC) – entrepreneurs’ failures and delays in delivery of rewards to investors, which, in turn, may be perceived as violations of reward delivery obligations. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on entrepreneurial personality theory and psychological contract theory, this paper develops propositions and identifies factors related to both entrepreneurs (overconfidence and narcissism) and factors related to investors (types of motivators and psychological contracts) that may explain the perceived violations of reward delivery obligations. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed. Findings – The theoretical analysis, …

The Road To Entrepreneurial Success: Business Plans, Lean Startup, Or Both?, Chris Welter, Alex Scrimpshire, Dawn Tolonen, Eseoghene Obrimah

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – The goal of this research is to investigate the relationship between two different sets of practices, lean startup and business planning, and their relation to entrepreneurial performance. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected data from 120 entrepreneurs across the US about a variety of new venture formation activities within the categories of lean startup or business planning. They use hierarchical regression to examine the relationship between these activities and new venture performance using both a subjective and objective measure of performance. Findings – The results show that talking to customers, collecting preorders and pivoting based on customer feedback are …

Understanding Immigrant Entrepreneurship: A Home-Country Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Perspective, Carson Duan, Kamaljeet Sandhu, Bernice Kotey

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – Given the importance of immigration and immigrant entrepreneurs in advanced economies, the authors take an entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective to study the home-country benefits possessed by immigrant entrepreneurs and how home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem factors affect immigrant entrepreneurial motivations, activities and outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual research paper follows McGaghie, Bordage and Shea’s (2001) four-step new theory creation process, which suggests that new theories can be created through facts extraction from the extant literature. Findings – The authors propose that although immigrant entrepreneurs are unable to take full benefit of the host-country entrepreneurial ecosystem due to blocked mobility, they do …

Entrepreneurial Orientation In Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Review, Andrés Felipe Cortés, Younggeun Lee, Juan David Cortes, Isidro Liñan

WCBT Faculty Publications

Companies around the world need to reconcile the need to differentiate their offerings and remain entrepreneurial in a competitive environment while also running extremely efficient and effective operations. Surprisingly, however, limited studies have provided a synthesis and overview of existing research exploring important links between the entrepreneurship and supply chain management (SCM) fields. In this paper, we aim to address this issue by developing a systematic review of research exploring the link between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and SCM, while synthesizing the most relevant findings in this intersection. We also aim to promote the development of this topic by providing relevant …

Change Through Chaos: Using Bricolage In Cross-Sector Social Partnerships, Melissa Intindola, Lauren Ofstein

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore bricolage as the missing link in understanding how cross-sector social partnerships form and operate in response to grand challenges. It is proposed that the weaving together of resources employed by members of cross-sector social partnerships (CSSPs) is bricolage in action and can be linked to Gray’s (1985) facilitating conditions for collaboration. While existing research examines bricolage primarily at the individual level, this research studies collective bricolage, as implemented by a cross-sector social partnership in its process to address a grand challenge. Design/methodology/approach – The authors follow the evolution of a …

Social Entrepreneurship In Smes: A Note On Three Essential Questions, Andrés Felipe Cortés, Younggeun Lee

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – This research note discusses three essential and practical questions related to social entrepreneurship and social activities in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): What motivates SMEs to undertake social activities? What are the obstacles faced by SMEs when undertaking social activities? What are the types of social activities that SMEs undertake? The article presents preliminary answers and provides research suggestions related to these questions. Design/methodology/approach – The authors search and review articles that study social entrepreneurship and social activities of SMEs and synthesize their findings based on the three main topics of interest. Findings –The authors synthesized findings based …

Immigrant-Owned Small Businesses’ Participation In Diaspora Philanthropy: A Case Study During The Covid-19 Outbreak, Ximeng Chen

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – The concept of diaspora philanthropy contains the following two components: diasporas, who are individuals who live outside of their homelands but maintain a sense of identity with their home countries, and charitable giving provided by these diasporas to causes related to their hometowns. Often diaspora philanthropy happens through intermediary organizations such as hometown associations, internet-based philanthropic platforms and faith-based groups. Little research explores immigrant-owned small businesses as intermediary organizations for diaspora philanthropy. In the literature of social entrepreneurship, the theory of opportunity recognition provides insights on how do businesses identify opportunities for fulfilling social missions. However, it is …

Exploring The Motivation Of Social Entrepreneurs In Creating Successful Social Enterprises In East Africa, Caroline N. Wanyoike, Matilda Maseno

New England Journal of Entrepreneurship

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the motivations of social entrepreneurs in East Africa to create a social enterprise and their identified links to successful social entrepreneurship in East Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employed a qualitative method by performing thematic analysis on a set of interviews on social entrepreneurs from East Africa who are Ashoka fellows. Findings – The findings suggest that intense personal experiences linked to past-life events as well as a high achievement orientation towards improving livelihoods and creating impact serve as key triggers for social entrepreneurship. Successful entrepreneurship focusses on system change at national and …

Entrepreneurship Education And Founding Passion: The Moderating Role Of Entrepreneurial Family Background, Younggeun Lee, Andrés Felipe Cortés, Minjoo Joo

WCBT Faculty Publications

In this paper, we examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion. Despite the advancement of entrepreneurship education literature and the increasing focus on entrepreneurship education in business schools, we lack empirical exploration on how entrepreneurship education can impact students’ passion for founding new organizations. We hypothesize that students who take entrepreneurship classes would develop high levels of founding passion due to a great perception of skills and abilities that increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions about the entrepreneurship process. Moreover, we draw on the literature on role models to suggest that students’ entrepreneurial family background (students whose …