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Full-Text Articles in Business
Efficient Relocation Of Spectrum Incumbents, Peter Cramton, Evan Kwerel, John Williams
Efficient Relocation Of Spectrum Incumbents, Peter Cramton, Evan Kwerel, John Williams
Peter Cramton
Changes in technologies and in consumer demands have made prior radio spectrum allocations far from efficient. To address this problem the FCC has recently reallocated spectrum for more flexible use in bands that are partially occupied by incumbent license holders. Often, it is necessary for the new license holder to relocate incumbents to make efficient use of the spectrum. Regulations structuring the negotiation between incumbent and new entrant can promote efficiency. In particular, giving the new entrant the right to move the incumbent with compensation can reduce negotiation costs and promote efficiency when there is private information about spectrum values …
The Use Of Replacement Workers In Union Contract Negotiations: The U.S. Experience, 1980-1989, Peter Cramton, Joseph Tracy
The Use Of Replacement Workers In Union Contract Negotiations: The U.S. Experience, 1980-1989, Peter Cramton, Joseph Tracy
Peter Cramton
It is argued in many circles that a structural change occurred in U.S. collective bargaining in the 1980s. Strike incidence declined, dispute incidence increased, and the composition of disputes shifted away from strikes and toward holdouts. We investigate the extent to which the hiring of replacement workers can account for these changes. For a sample of over 300 major strikes since 1980, we estimate the likelihood of replacements being hired. We find that the risk of replacement is lower for bargaining units with more experienced workers, and declines during tight labor markets. The composition of disputes shifts away from strikes …