Business Commons^™

Thinking Finance - The Comic Book, Dimitrios V. Siskos

Dimitrios V. Siskos

Thinking financially results in the best possible outcome and establishes a secure foundation for the future as an independent man. In contrast, thinking emotionally leads to short-sighted financial decisions and usually, deep regrets. However, thinking financially is not pleasant for the people around us. This comic book presents a guy, whose dream is to become an accountant. When he finally succeeds in this, he realizes that thinking financially may be effective for his boss but it is irritating for everyone else, even for his family.

Names, Trains, And Corporate Deals: Why Public Transit Shouldn't Sell Naming Rights, Frank Pasquale

Frank A. Pasquale

No abstract provided.

Assessing The Financial Failure Using Z-Score And Current Ratio: A Case Of Sugar Sector Listed Companies Of Kse, Muhammad Shahzad Ijaz, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Rauf I. Azam

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

Since 1968, after the development of multivariate model, financial health of the corporate sector to predict their financial failure is heavily studied. Altman Z-Score is the most efficient model to judge the financial failure of the companies. This study uses Altman’s Z-Score and current ratio to assess the financial status of sugar sector companies listed at Karachi stock exchange. Sugar sector is the second largest slice among all sectors listed at Karachi stock exchange. Total population sampling technique was used in this study and all thirty five sugar sector listed companies at KSE were included in this study to get …

Impact Of Affect Heuristic, Fear And Anger On Decision Making Of Individual Investor: A Conceptual Study, Ehsan Ul Hassan, Fahad Shahzeb, Maryum Shaheen, Qamar Abbas, Zahid Hameed, Ahmed Imran Hunjra

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

Financial theories support the efficient market hypothesis, which assumes that prices are fair in the market and investors behave rationally while taking any investment decision. Individual Investors of the stock market are therefore thought to take rational decisions while making judgments and investment decisions. However, a lot of studies on behavioral finance have criticized the phenomenon of market efficiency and investor’s rationality. The empirical evidences of these studies conclude the involvement of behavioral biases and psychological impacts on investor’s judgments and decision making. Keeping this in mind the present study has focused on studying the impact of affect heuristic, fear …

Impact Of Psychological Factors On Investment Decision Making Mediating By Risk Perception: A Conceptual Study, Lubna Riaz, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Rauf I. Azam

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

Every individual is different from others due to various factors which include demographic factors, age, race and sex, education level, social and economic background; same is the situation with the investors. The most critical challenge faced by them is the investment decision; they act in a rational manner and usually follow their instincts and emotional biases while making investment decisions. The investigation of previous studies reveals the importance of various psychological factors which affect their investment decision. Keeping this in view, a study model has been developed to describe the impact of risk propensity, asymmetric information and problem framing on …

Factors Affecting Investment Decision Making Of Equity Fund Managers, Salman Ali Qureshi, Kashif Ur Rehman, Ahmed Imran Hunjra

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

Traditional theories of finance assume that investors use all available information and make rational investment decision but in reality the scenario is different. Based upon the growing importance of behavioral finance the present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of behavioral factors such as heuristics, risk aversion, use of financial tools and firm level corporate governance on the decision making of equity fund managers of Pakistan. The study collected response from 327 equity fund managers of insurance companies, commercial banks, and equity investment companies applying stratified random sampling technique. The results of the study demonstrate that a positive …

Investment Appraisal Techniques And Constraints On Capital Investment, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Iram Batool, Ghulam Shabbir Khan Niazi, Ijaz Ur Rehman

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

The objective of this study is to determine the level of application and perception of finance executives and analysts regarding the investment appraisal techniques in Pakistani corporate sector in the light of theory. This study also investigates the major constraints on capital investment. Total 63 questionnaires were distributed in different cities of Pakistan (Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Multan and Faisalabad) but only 37 properly filled questionnaires were processed; the potential respondents were the finance executives and Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) of the companies. The companies listed at KSE related to ten leading sectors were the population of this study. It is …

Individual Investors Perception Of Dividends: Pakistan's Perspective, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Arifa Andleeb, Babar Zaheer Butt

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

This research paper argue that there exists a strong preference for dividends among investors. The main purpose is to find the factors that lead individual investors to reveal their preference for either cash or stock dividends. The most important dividend theories are employed to test the behavior of Pakistani individual investors towards dividends. The results reveal strong evidence that individual investors in Pakistan want dividends either in the form of cash or stocks. They also have a strong preference for dividend even if a company has to pay it by borrowing.

Long Run Relationship Between Poverty And Macro-Economic Variables In Pakistan, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Nadeem Safwan, Abrar Ahmad

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

This research study examines the long run relationship between poverty and economic indicators in Pakistan. Data from 1972 to 2010 is used to analyze the relationship between various economic variables and poverty. The economic indicators include; consumer price index, literacy rate and population growth. Head count rate is used to measure poverty. The statistical techniques used include unit root Augmented Dickey Fuller test (for checking the stationary data) & Johansen’s co-integration test for long run relationship. The study found co-integration between all the economic factors and poverty, which means that economic performance indicators are pertinent predictors of poverty. This can …

Determinants Of Financial Management Practices: A Conceptual Study, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Jamshed Iqbal

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

The purpose of this study is to investigate various factors (uncertainty, corporate social disclosure and stakeholder) that impact the selection of financial management practices. Further, this study attempts to explore the impact of financial management practices and earnings management on firm performance. In order to achieve the objective, a conceptual model has been developed based on previous theories and empirical literature. The findings of the study would be quite beneficial for capital providers – lenders and shareholders – who would like to use their funds for financial practices. On the other hand, capital providers will be hesitant to provide capital …

Patterns Of Capital Structure And Dividend Policy In Pakistani Corporate Sector And Their Impact On Organization Performance, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Muhammad Bilal, Haroon Shafi, Ikram Ullah, Kashif Ur Rehman

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

The purpose of this study is to determine the patterns of capital structure decisions and dividend policy as well as their level of application in Pakistani corporate sector and also to check the impact of capital structure and dividend policy on organization performance. A total of ninety one questionnaires were distributed in different companies but seventy three filled were received and sixty one were processed for analysis. The potential respondents were finance executives and financial analysts of the companies. The study concludes that capital structure decisions are being properly practiced while dividend policy is a major concern in most of …

Determinants Of Business Success Of Small And Medium Enterprises, Javed Mahmood Jasra, Muhammad Asif Khan, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Rana Aziz Ur Rehman, Rauf I. Azam

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play critical role in the development of the country. The success of SMEs depends on number of factors. This study examines the role of key factors in the success of SMEs in Pakistan. The study also investigates the relationship between SMEs success and its determinants. Target population of the study was SMEs operating in different lines of business from service to manufacturing. Sample size of this study was 520 small and medium lines of businesses. Responses of the subjects were collected through questionnaires. SPSS software is used for analysis. This study concludes that there …

Determinants Of Short Term Investment Decision Making, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Kashif Ur Rehman

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

This study examines the impact of financial literacy, accounting information, openness to experience and information asymmetry on the short-term investment decision making of the stock market investors. For this purpose 23 item questionnaire was developed and distributed among 185 stock market investors through non-probability sampling. The results indicate that all these factors have a significant effect on the short-term investment decision making. Results also indicate that individual investors with higher educational qualifications have more intentions for short-term investments as compared to the investors with other qualifications.

Financial Crises And Economic Growth In Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis, Rauf I. Azam, Iram Batool, Rabia Imran, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Muhammad Irfan Chani

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

The purpose of this research is to investigate causal relationship between economic growth and major indicators of financial crisis -- inflation rate, interest rate and the volume of foreign debt-- in Pakistan. This study also highlights the stability of the relationship between indicators of financial crisis and economic growth. The annual time series data ranging from 1972 to 2010 is used for the analysis. Johansen’s co-integration test is used to check the stability of long run equilibrium relationship between the variables used in the study. The results indicate that is long run stable equilibrium relationship between economic growth and the …

Application Of Finance Techniques: An Empirical Analysis Of Pakistani Corporate Sector, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Ghulam Shabbir Khan Niazi, Syed Waqar Akbar, Kashif Ur Rehman

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

The study reviews the core areas of the finance functions and their level of applications in Pakistani corporate sector. A total of 70 questionnaires were distributed in different companies, 53 were received and 49 were processed, the respondents were finance executives and financial analysts of the companies. The study concludes that respondents are well aware of finance functions; out of these functions applications of capital structure decisions are being properly practiced while dividend policy is a major concern in most of the organizations. Investment appraisal techniques are not followed systematically due to constraints on capital investment and availability of resources. …

Risk And Return Relationship In Stock Market And Commodity Prices: A Comprehensive Study Of Pakistani Markets, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Muhammad Azam, Ghulam Shabbir Khan Niazi, Babar Zaheer Butt, Kashif Ur Rehman, Rauf I. Azam

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

The objective of this study is to determine the risk and return relationship on the basis of univariate modeling approach. This study is helpful to analyze the asymmetric nature of data including the seasonal affect and non linear properties in risk and return relationship scenario. In this study, monthly data was used regarding gold price, cotton prices and sugar price along with KSE 100 index. The data span of all variables cover the time period from July 1998 to July 2008. The overall results indicate that asymmetric and seasonal effect is present in commodities market and stock market. But the …

Practices Of Working Capital Policy And Performance Assessment Financial Ratios And Their Relationship With Organization Performance, Dr. Ghulam Shabbir Khan Niazi, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Majid Rashid, Syed Waqar Akbar, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar

Ahmed Imran Hunjra (PhD)

The purpose this study is to highlight the application of working capital policy and the performance assessment financial ratios and to determine their relationship with organization performance. The target respondents were the finance executives/financial analysts of the companies. 64 properly filled questionnaires were processed for analysis. This study concludes that the finance executives consider that the proper practices of working capital and financial ratios are very important for the growth and performance of the organization. This research study also finds that there is positive and significant relationship between these practices and organization performance.

The Web Bank, Marco Ricci Doctor Of Business Administration, Public Certified Accountant, Auditor

Marco Ricci

Technological advances are certainly a very important factor of change that can fundamentally alter the current distribution techniques of financial services. In fact, information technologies have made it possible for banks to be within the "virtual bank", a new and separate from the traditional. The introduction of new distribution channels and, in particular the global network known as the "Internet" is just one of many changes taking place in the Italian banking. This theme could be seen as the main theme of this work, all aimed at trying to describe and interpret how the spread of online financial services has …

Business And Non-Profit Organizations Facing Increased Competition And Growing Customers' Demands (Vol. 10), Anna Ujwary-Gil

Anna Ujwary-Gil

The major issues analyzed in the papers referred to: • business and non-profit organizations as an object of scientific research, • business and non-profit organizations in market economy, • modern tools for business and non-profit organizations management • business and non-profit organizations – global and regional aspects, • financial aspects of managing business and non-profit organizations.

An Overview Of Caribbean Securities Exchanges, Clifford Chad Henson

Clifford Chad Henson

Caribbean securities exchanges have existed since the 1969 creation of the Jamaican Stock Exchange; in the last 15 years those exchanges have increased in number and signiicance. From the creation of the Bermuda Stock Exchange in 1971 to the creation of the Trinidad & Tobago Stock Exchange in 1981, no new exchanges with staying power were added. Beginning with the Barbados Stock Exchange in 1987 and followed by the Bolsa de Valores de la Republica Dominicana in 1991, the Cayman Islands Stock Exchange in 1997, the Bahamas International Securities Exchange and the International Finance Center and Exchange in 1999, and …

Household Financial Ratios: A Review Of Literature, Nathan Harness, Michael Finke, Swarn Chatterjee

Swarn Chatterjee

The literature on household financial ratios provides insight into the characteristics related to meeting common investment asset, debt, and liquidity guidelines. We know much about the contemporaneous relation between ratios and household characteristics, but the literature exploring the impact of meeting ratio thresholds on subsequent financial success is in its infancy. Ratios can be useful heuristics that efficiently provide information about financial status as well as a prescriptive guideline to motivate more efficient financial behavior. While the existing literature provides some insight into which households have adequate ratios, there are opportunities for additional empirical scrutiny and application of household resource …

Pre-Test Assessment, Thomas D. Berry

Thomas D Berry

Closed End Fund Discounts As Sentiment Indicies, Thomas Berry

Thomas D Berry

No abstract provided.

The Disposition Effect And Individual Investor Decisions: The Role Of Regret And Counterfactual Alternatives, Thomas Berry, Suzanne Fogel

Thomas D Berry

Recent studies have documented a strong tendency for individual investors to delay realizing capital losses, while realizing gains prematurely (Odean [1996], Shefrin and Statman [1985], Weber and Camerer [1996]). This tendency has been termed the “disposition effect.” The disposition effect is inconsistent with normative approaches to stock sales, such as those based on tax losses (see, for example, Constantinides [1983]). We surveyed individual investors, and found that more respondents reported regret about holding on to a losing stock too long than about selling a winning stock too soon. This finding suggests that individual investors are consistently engaging in behavior that …

Private Information And Market Movements: New Evidence From The Wednesday Closings Of 1968, Thomas Berry

Thomas D Berry

No abstract provided.

Public Information Arrival, Thomas Berry, Keith Howe

Thomas D Berry

The authors develop a measure of public information flow to financial markets and use it to document the patterns of information arrival, with an emphasis on the intraday flows. The measure is the number of news releases by Reuter's News Service per unit of time. The authors find that public information arrival is nonconstant, displaying seasonalities and distinct intraday patterns. Next they relate their measure of public information to aggregate measures of intraday market activity. The authors' results suggest a positive, moderate relationship between public information and trading volume but an insignificant relationship with price volatility. Copyright 1994 by American …

A Multi-State Analysis Of The Tjtc, Thomas Berry, Julia Lane

Thomas D Berry

No abstract provided.

Risk-Return And The Relative Pricing Of Darp, Thomas Berry, John Houston

Thomas D Berry

No abstract provided.

Some Guidelines For Assessing The Size Of Lack-Of-Marketability Discounts, Thomas Berry, Don Shannon

Thomas D Berry

No abstract provided.

The Leverage Problem In The Valuation Of Privately Held Firms, Thomas D. Berry, John Houston

Thomas D Berry

No abstract provided.