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"Dreadful Scenes Of Carnage On Both Sides" The Strangford Files And The Eastern Crisis Of 1821-1822, Theophilus C. Prousis
"Dreadful Scenes Of Carnage On Both Sides" The Strangford Files And The Eastern Crisis Of 1821-1822, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Lord Strangford, an experienced diplomatic official with previous postings to Portugal, Brazil, and Sweden, served as Britain's ambassador to the Sublime Porte from 1821 to 1824, an especially turbulent time in Ottoman-European encounters. As the Ottoman Empire coped with a series of challenges, Strangford sent hundreds of reports to the London Foreign Office. His correspondence detailed the state of the sultan's realm at a tense but pivotal moment in the Eastern Question, that precarious web of European power, rivalry, and intrigue in the remarkably resilient Ottoman Empire, which still possessed strategic lands and vital waterways in the Levant, or eastern …
British Embassy Reports On The Greek Uprising In 1821-1822: War Of Independence Or War Of Religion?, Theophilus C. Prousis
British Embassy Reports On The Greek Uprising In 1821-1822: War Of Independence Or War Of Religion?, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
In a dispatch of 10 April 1821 to Foreign Secretary Castlereagh, Britain’s ambassador to the Sublime Porte (Lord Strangford) evoked the prevalence of religious mentalities and religiously induced reprisals in the initial phase of the Greek War of Independence. The sultan’s “government perseveres in its endeavours to strike terror into the minds of its Greek subjects; and it seems that these efforts have been very successful. The commerce of the Greeks has been altogether suspended – their houses have been shut up – and an armed and licentious population, wandering through the streets of this capital and its suburbs, daily …
Russian Trade Prospects In Smyrna: An 1812 Consular Report, Theophilus C. Prousis
Russian Trade Prospects In Smyrna: An 1812 Consular Report, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Documents on Russian commerce in the Black Sea and the Levant offer eyewitness description, firsthand observation and authentic information. These qualities, to varying degrees, are evinced in this translated memorandum penned by tsarist vice-consul Carlo A. Marracciny in Smyrna in December 1812 and addressed to Foreign Minister Rumiantsev. The Marracciny report merits attention by scholars of Russia's Eastern policy as a reminder that primary sources on Russian trade, and on wider tsarist aims, in the Near East warrant collection and presentation in an accessible format for students and scholars alike. This particular document might very well become a small piece …
Archival Gleanings On Russian Trade And Consulates In The Near East, Theophilus C. Prousis
Archival Gleanings On Russian Trade And Consulates In The Near East, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Imperial Russia’s maritime access to the Black Sea and the Mediterranean broadened the framework of tsarist influence in the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century. The pursuit of strategic and diplomatic aims in Istanbul, the Straits and the Balkan peninsula, in conjunction with the protection of Eastern Orthodoxy and the extension of trade in the Levant, made the Eastern Question a complex and multi-faceted issue for Imperial Russia. Archival sources on commerce and consulates shed light on the variety of interests which comprised Russia's Eastern Question and deserve more critical examination by scholars of Russian designs in the Near East.
Storm Warnings In The Straits: Russian-Ottoman Trade Issues, Theophilus C. Prousis
Storm Warnings In The Straits: Russian-Ottoman Trade Issues, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Russian envoys in the Ottoman capital routinely raised storm warnings over commerce and other contentious points in Russian-Ottoman relations. Trade formed part of the "precarious balance" between conflict and negotiation, as the two adjacent empires competed for lands, peoples and resources along porous frontiers and engaged in risky but profitable commercial exchange. Archival documents from the Russian embassy in Constantinople provide telling detail and firsthand commentary on trade issues, contested borders and related concerns in Russian-Ottoman affairs of the early 19th century. These- sources not only indicate the variety of interests that shaped Russian policy in the eastern Mediterranean but …
Russian Trade Prospects In Smyrna: An 1812 Consular Report, Theophilus C. Prousis
Russian Trade Prospects In Smyrna: An 1812 Consular Report, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Documents on Russian commerce in the Black Sea and the Levant offer eyewitness description, firsthand observation and authentic information. These qualities, to varying degrees, are evinced in this translated memorandum penned by tsarist vice-consul Carlo A. Marracciny in Smyrna in December 1812 and addressed to Foreign Minister Rumiantsev. The Marracciny report merits attention by scholars of Russia's Eastern policy as a reminder that primary sources on Russian trade, and on wider tsarist aims, in the Near East warrant collection and presentation in an accessible format for students and scholars alike. This particular document might very well become a small piece …
Risky Business: Russian Trade In The Ottoman Empire In The Early Nineteenth Century, Theophilus C. Prousis
Risky Business: Russian Trade In The Ottoman Empire In The Early Nineteenth Century, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Irregularities in the implementation of Russian-Ottoman trade accords often turned commercial promise into risky business for Russian merchant shipping in the Levant. The Russian archival records presented here for the first time in English translation – four restitution requests and trade loss inventories submitted to the Sublime Porte by the Russian envoy in 1816 – provide telling detail not just on the perils of Russian trade but on the extent of Russia's commercial networks in the Ottoman Empire. The documents offer a Russian perspective on trade issues in the Levant and suggest the commercial dimension of Russian involvement in the …