History Commons^™

The Viking Warrior Woman? Birka Chamber Grave Bj 581, Emily A. Stolp

ATU Research Symposium

On a very small island called Björkö in the middle of Lake Mälaren, in southern Sweden, was a Viking settlement called Birka that was occupied for about 200 years. This town was the perfect trading area where merchants and tradesmen came with goods from all over Europe, and other parts of the world. Beginning in the late nineteenth century some 1,100 graves were excavated by Swedish antiquarian Hjalmar Stolpe. One of these graves in particular, labeled Bj 581, seen as remarkable at the time of excavation would later become a significantly controversial grave. The individual in grave Bj 581 was …

Ecumenical Dialogue Between Reformers And Orthodox Under The Ottomans (15-16th Century), Svetoslav Svetoszarov Ribolov

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

Despite the capture of Constantinople by the Ottomans in 1453, the Orthodox Church continued to make contacts with the West. In the 15^th and 16^th centuries, Patriarchs Joasaph II and Jeremias II had ecumenical contacts and theological dialogues with two generations of Reformers. Martin Luther and Melanchthon, and later Martin Crusius, Jakob Andrеä, and their associates in Wittenberg took up the initiative for a serious ecumenical dialogue with Constantinople. Despite a sincere desire on both sides, lack of a common methodological framework in the talks did not allow for significant results. In the end, both sides did not …

Lost & Found (Game Series) [Book Chapter], Owen Gottlieb

Articles

Description of game series for use in the classroom with best practices.

“Into The Sea Of Forgetfulness”: An Analysis Of Anna Komnene’S Alexiad In Relation To The First Crusade, Breya D. Scarlett

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

Anna Komnene’s account of the First Crusade in her work The Alexiad provides invaluable insight into the Byzantine perspective of this pivotal event defining the 11th century. While shunned in a monastery, she wrote her celebrated work known as The Alexiad. Anna’s primary motivation for writing the biography stems from her desire to emphasize the accomplishments of her father, especially in regards to protecting the Byzantine Empire against invaders, both Latin and Turkish. For Anna, the crusade functions as a Western pretext for taking land away from the Byzantines. Comparing specific sieges in the First Crusade to their Latin …

Francis Of Assisi: A Reputation Marred Beyond Recognition, Jackson Gravitt

Eleutheria: John W. Rawlings School of Divinity Academic Journal

Francis of Assisi believed his mission was to preach the gospel, and his reputation shortly after his death was that of a prolific preacher. However, members of his Order eventually began to present his life differently due to controversies that developed after his death. They began to de-emphasize his preaching ministry to instead focus on his holiness, miracles, or reformed mindedness. In the twentieth century, these works served as the foundation of Francis studies, resulting in scholars neglecting his reputation as a preacher. Francis became caricatured as anti-oracular, most notably by his association with an apocryphal quote: “Preach the gospel …

Introduction To A Finding List Of Early Venetian Books Printed From 1477 To 1517 In The Rare Book And Manuscript Library Of The Ohio State University, Doug Wayman

Printing and the Book During the Reformation: 1450-1650, an NEH Summer Seminar for College and University Teachers

Provides information about three important functions enabled by the accompanying finding list spreadsheet of books examined at The Ohio State University (OSU) Rare Book and Manuscript Library (RBML) during the 2022 National Endowment for the Humanities summer seminar, Books and Printing during the Reformation, 1450-1650 that took place in July of 2022. Those functions are: to provide links to global databases for descriptive information related to each book, to provide access to authorized versions of names associated with each book, and to provide value-added access to information-rich resources (including images) detailing certain aspects of some of the books, printed between …

The Power Of Law Codes, Legal Tradition, And Administrative Institutions And The Rise Of The Kingdom Of Sicily From Norman To Aragonese Rule, Joseph Mancuso

Theses and Dissertations

The Kingdom of Sicily, founded in 1130 by Roger II de Hauteville, is an example of a medieval European kingdom with an advanced understanding of law, judicial processes, and administrative offices that developed from its creation by the Norman kings to its incorporation into the Crown of Aragon. A state rarely focused on in medieval European studies, its advanced understanding of law is reflected through the law codes of Roger II, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, and the Aragonese kings James II, Frederick III, and Peter II of Sicily. These kings knew that in order to effectively grow the …

The King And His Favorites: A Historiographical Analysis Of Edward Ii, Luke Ziegler

Tenor of Our Times

The historiography of Edward II has painted him as a weak king who deserved deposition, overemphasizing his faults while under-examining the circumstances in which he had to rule. Starting from the earliest chronicles, through the early modern period, 19^th and 20^th centuries, and through the present, the historiography demonstrated the changes that Edward II’s reputation has undergone. These changes went from thinking of Edward as a weak king who should be blamed for all of England’s ills, to acknowledging and addressing his faults while realizing that not everything was under Edward’s control to fix.

Stone Fidelity: Marriage And Emotion In Medieval Tomb Sculpture, Amy Danielle Juarez

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

Women Warriors And National Heroes: Global Histories, Misty Urban

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

Women’S Friendship In Medieval Literature, Skye Oliver

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

Apostate Nuns In The Later Middle Ages, Morgan Mcminn

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

A Life Of Ill Repute: Public Prostitution In The Middle Ages, Amanda Scott

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

Female Authorship, Patronage, And Translation In Late Medieval France: From Christine De Pizan To Louise Labé, Alani Hicks-Bartlett

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

Acts Of Care: Recovering Women In Late Medieval Health, Tanya Stabler Miller

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

The Basque Seroras: Local Religion, Gender, And Power In Northern Iberia, 1550–1800, Phyllis Zagano

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

Women, Food, And Diet In The Middle Ages: Balancing The Humors, Autumn Reinhardt-Simpson

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

Women Religious Crossing Between The Cloister And The World: Nunneries In Europe And The Americas, Ca. 1200–1700, Alexandra Verini

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

Women, Writing And Religion In England And Beyond, 650–1100, Andrew Breeze

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

Medieval Intersections: Gender And Status In Europe In The Middle Ages, Ebba Strutzenbladh

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

Cárcel De Amor / The Prison Of Love, Laura Francis, Álvaro Garrote Pascual

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

The Hidden History Of The Norseman And Celts, Amber Nicole Johnson

Whittier Scholars Program

When people hear the word Celts or Vikings there seems to be a common stigma or romanticization of them. This seems to stem from the early iron age and has shifted over to the 21st century with the production of movies and franchises. They are often depicted as being savage, barbaric, or warrior based (a term used to describe them) when there is a whole other side to these people. In the Spring of 2023, I took an independent study course that allowed me to examine the available archaeological and other evidence to understand the identities of the Germanic and …

The Third Horseman: Preventability Versus Apocalypse In The Great Famine Of 1315 And The Irish Potato Famine, Luke Ziegler

Honors Theses

Famine is a huge problem for societies, even in the modern world. Throughout history, famine has reared its ugly head and brought about demographic and societal collapse. The Great Famine of 1315 Famine and the Irish Potato Famine, despite their differences, had similar underlying factors of land management and overpopulation paired with an environmental catalyst, and also show that governmental response has the potential to both cause and prevent a famine, but only if the scale of the problem is limited. They both examine the question of national identity and create a multitude of debates in later historiography. Although these …

Social Sanguinity: Communal Ties And The Pursuit Of Political Power In Saga Age Iceland, Sam Fearnside

History Theses

Prior to the Norwegian annexation, Icelandic society lacked a government with an executive branch. As a result their legal system evolved in a highly privatized fashion in which individuals and their families were expected to self-advocate in order to assert and defend their rights and interests. Icelandic law also privatized the prosecution of criminals and enforcement of legal verdicts. Such a legal system required individual Icelanders to forge and maintain an array of social connections in order to protect themselves from both legal actions brought against them and the violent feuds that resulted due to the system’s short comings.

This …

Historical Interpretations And Their Legacies: Dialectical Materialism And The Umayyad Conquest Of Morocco, Grayson Shaw

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The death of the Prophet in the 7th century paved the way for the Umayyad Caliphate, one of the largest empires by land to exist in human history. Most notably, the Umayyads controlled a territory that spanned from India across North Africa into Spain. Along this expansionary route, the Arab Umayyads interacted with, integrated, and fought local indigenous Amazigh people all along Northern Africa into Morocco. Historical records about the Umayyad influence in Morocco are widely varied, ranging from later Abbasaid records to 20th century European interpretations. At its core, the Umayyad conquest of Morocco has fallen victim to interpretations …

Up The Social Ladder: How Chinese Merchants Excelled Under The New Values Of Ming-Qing China, James B. Townsend

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

Ming China was a socially volatile period of Chinese history. Social distinctions were blurred as the merchant class rose to power to challenge old Confucian ideals in a commerce-based society. This paper examines what paved the road for the merchant class to rise, and how the non-elite empowerment shifted China's attitudes towards consumption and commerce.

A Presence Of P____ And W__Th, Riley Wilson

Masters Theses

This body of work examines the involvement of association as it relates to our cultural interpretations of natural phenomena. Flowers and animals, both real and imagined, have been used as symbols for human morality since the beginning of human history. Two sources with which I drew inspiration from are medieval bestiaries and the Victorian practice of flower language. By combining elements from these references, I aim to pair this idea about the human need for classification with my own considerations about my identity. In combination, I also aim to highlight the responsibility that is intrinsic to curiosity. When faced with …

Soul Furnace / فرن الأرواح, Isa Ghanayem

Masters Theses

“This is the good washing, this is (the washing) which separates the dirty body from the pure body. This is like silver mixed with lead, it is separated from it by this (process): one makes for it a cupel of bones, which is what is called the “head of the dog” and of which the common name is kūja-which is the crucible—and this must be made of burnt bones. One melts the silver in it, one gives it a strong fire: the cupel will absorb and receive the lead, the fire will make its subtle (part) fly away and extirpate …

Book Of The Body Politic, Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.

Christine De Pizan: Life, Work, Legacy, S.C. Kaplan

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.