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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in History
The Russian Revolution, Chang-Dae Hyun
The Russian Revolution, Chang-Dae Hyun
Grand Valley Journal of History
The Russian Revolution was caused by the consequences of World War I: economic crises, and demotivated soldiers. In both cases, governments – the Romanov Dynasty and the Provisional Government that first seized power from the Tsar – were unable to resolve these problems. But these factors alone were not sufficient enough to cause the Russian Revolution, rather they should be understood as preconditions. What was also needed was a strong party – the Bolshevik Party – willing and able to capitalize on such preconditions. First, this paper will argue that economic crises such as food shortages, inflation, and poor working …
The Corporate Guild Order Control Of The Florentine Republic In The 13th And 14th Century, Milad D. Mohammadi
The Corporate Guild Order Control Of The Florentine Republic In The 13th And 14th Century, Milad D. Mohammadi
Grand Valley Journal of History
This paper discusses how professional guilds in the 13th and 14th century Florentine Republic rose to power and how they maintained the structure and mechanisms of their power. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates how the Florentine Republic during this period was completely dominated by these guilds through their cultural, economic, and political influence. This paper explains how the rise of aristocratic families as the new power structure ended this guild based society in the late 14th century.
A Multi-Causal Approach To The Thirty Years’ War, Ethan Haan
A Multi-Causal Approach To The Thirty Years’ War, Ethan Haan
Grand Valley Journal of History
The Thirty Years’ War was arguably the most consequential war of the Wars of Religion and of the wider European conflicts in the 17th century. The historiography on the causes of the war has been present ever since literature on the conflict became available shortly after its cessation. Since 1900, the debate over the underlying motivations has intensified and has become muddied in some areas. This study aims to summarize and clarify the previous positions that historians have taken on what caused the war, from religious urges to socio-economic and political factors. This study also attempts to clearly define where …
Civil War Or Genocide? The United Nations Commission Of Experts’ Misunderstanding Of The Third Balkan War Of The 1990s, Matthew G. Morley
Civil War Or Genocide? The United Nations Commission Of Experts’ Misunderstanding Of The Third Balkan War Of The 1990s, Matthew G. Morley
Grand Valley Journal of History
When the country of Yugoslavia disintegrated into war, the United Nations created a research commission, the Yugoslav Commission of Experts, to document war crimes. This commission, led by Cherif M. Bassiouni, depicted the conflict as a perpetual problem with historical roots and also as having victims on both sides, which presented a legal-definitional paradox to the Security Council, requiring litigation of principles, categorization of conflicts, and discussion of further involvement - if applicable. This paper traces the essentialist understandings of the Commission of Experts and the International Human Rights Law Institute – two groups that otherwise had good intentions to …
Swedish Intervention And Conduct In The Thirty Years’ War, Marc C. Dubuis
Swedish Intervention And Conduct In The Thirty Years’ War, Marc C. Dubuis
Grand Valley Journal of History
This paper presents a theoretical explanation for Sweden’s intervention and behavior in the Thirty Years’ War. It echoes the contributions of scholars like Barkin (2003) by applying both realism and constructivism to achieve a more accurate depiction of empirical reality. Given Sweden’s disadvantageous strategic position, its decision to intervene in this conflict is an important subject for empirical and theoretical investigation. Realism provides an accurate explanation of Sweden’s national interests and its decision to intervene to reinstate the status quo. Constructivism also contributes to a more nuanced understanding of this conflict, since Sweden clearly recognized the existence of a broader …
Competing Visions: Political Constructions Of Memory After World War I, 1919-1936, Scott R. St. Louis
Competing Visions: Political Constructions Of Memory After World War I, 1919-1936, Scott R. St. Louis
Grand Valley Journal of History
This paper argues that officials at the Paris Peace Conference, in the White House, and in the U.S. Congress strove for the realization of competing visions for the international order following World War I, and thus were required to construct their own interpretations of how the conflict should be remembered and what must be learned from it. A pervasive sense of victors’ justice dominated the proceedings in Paris, leading to the creation of a settlement which would find lasting support from neither European nor American decision makers. The dubious postwar arrangements made at Versailles would contribute to the resurgence of …
Art As Political Struggle: George Grosz And The Experience Of The Great War, Jeff Michael Ocwieja
Art As Political Struggle: George Grosz And The Experience Of The Great War, Jeff Michael Ocwieja
Grand Valley Journal of History
The Great War was a highly traumatic event that rocked the Western world and beyond and had a tremendous effect on the professional lives of those who served in the conflict. Included among those profoundly changed by the experience of the war was George Grosz, whose art grew increasingly subversive in light of the horrors of what he had seen both on the battlefield and in the tumultuous political atmosphere of post-war Germany. This article uses the individual experience of Grosz to speak more generally about the German experience during and after the conflict, particularly through engagement with artist's illustrations …
Insurrectionary Heroines: The Possibilities And Limits Of Women’S Radical Action During The French Revolution, Sean M. Wright
Insurrectionary Heroines: The Possibilities And Limits Of Women’S Radical Action During The French Revolution, Sean M. Wright
Grand Valley Journal of History
The article titled, Insurrectionary Heroines: The Possibilities and Limits of Women’s Radical Action During the French Revolution, gathers research materials from multiple primary and secondary sources to generate an analysis of women’s participation in the French Revolution. The focus of this analysis draws on how these women confronted the Early Modern European female status quo through the use of radical action during the Revolution, which ultimately led to the creation of new possibilities for women's participation in society and revealed the limitations of this new found participation. Radical action is defined by four major events in the article: the female …
Feeble To Effeminacy: Race And Gender In The British Imperial Consciousness 1837-1901, Brett Linsley
Feeble To Effeminacy: Race And Gender In The British Imperial Consciousness 1837-1901, Brett Linsley
Grand Valley Journal of History
Scholars of British imperialism have given ample attention to European concepts of race and gender during the Victorian era. Much of the literature has vaguely suggested a symbiotic relationship between the concepts, but failed to assert any definitive theories. The following attempts to fill this gap by putting forward a critical interpretation of the roles that race and gender played in the imperial consciousness during this epoch. The paper demonstrates that the perceptions of race that were rampant on the imperial periphery were the unique synthesis of evolving gender identities in the Victorian metropole.
Christian Mysticism As A Threat To Papal Traditions, Hayley E. Pangle
Christian Mysticism As A Threat To Papal Traditions, Hayley E. Pangle
Grand Valley Journal of History
A human universal found across many of the world's cultures is the mystical aspect of a religion that serves, in many ways, as a reaction against the dogmatic, ritualistic tradition of the same religion. Christian mystics of medieval Europe presented a direct confrontation to papal traditions in that they challenged the church through their theological interpretations of scripture, their graphic visions, and their threat to established gender roles.
“No Man’S Land”: Fairy Tales, Gender, Socialization, Satire, And Trauma During The First And Second World Wars, Dawn Heerspink
“No Man’S Land”: Fairy Tales, Gender, Socialization, Satire, And Trauma During The First And Second World Wars, Dawn Heerspink
Grand Valley Journal of History
No abstract provided.