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Full-Text Articles in Art and Design

“This Ain’T Just A Rap Song”: 2pac, Sociopolitical Realities, And Hip Hop Nation Language, Leah Tonnette Gaines Dec 2022

“This Ain’T Just A Rap Song”: 2pac, Sociopolitical Realities, And Hip Hop Nation Language, Leah Tonnette Gaines

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

2Pac’s music was not merely rap songs. His music was and continues to be a platform for communicating important messages and concerns with his audiences. To relay these messages, he often used Hip Hop Nation Language (HHNL). In this research, I will conduct a linguistic analysis to illustrate how 2Pac’s music communicated sociopolitical realities through his use of HHNL. To construct possible answers for the questions that guided this work, the researcher transcribed, coded, and analyzed a sample size of 2Pac’s music. From the sample of songs used, the researcher was able to detect three common themes throughout, namely relaying, …


Foreword, Travis Harris Dec 2022

Foreword, Travis Harris

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Foreword to volume 9 issue 1.


Funk What You Heard: Hip Hop Is A Field Of Study, Journal Of Hip Hop Studies Dec 2022

Funk What You Heard: Hip Hop Is A Field Of Study, Journal Of Hip Hop Studies

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

The complete general issue of volume 9 issue 1.


Funk What You Heard: Hip Hop Is A Field Of Study, Travis Harris, Scott "Lyfestile" Woods, Dana Horton, M. Nicole Horsley, Shayne Mcgregor Dec 2022

Funk What You Heard: Hip Hop Is A Field Of Study, Travis Harris, Scott "Lyfestile" Woods, Dana Horton, M. Nicole Horsley, Shayne Mcgregor

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

“Funk What You Heard” is a beaconing call to all scholars who engage with Hip Hop studies. This article lays out the ways in which Hip Hop studies should properly respond to the wave of oppressions currently pounding the world. With several key date markers in place for Hip Hop studies, Tricia Rose’s Black Noise in 1994 and Murray Foreman and Mark Anthony Neal’s That’s the Joint in 2004, “Funk What You Heard” charts the path forward for the future of Hip Hop studies. Black Noise provided the original blueprint for studying Hip Hop and That’s the Joint! stamped “hip-hop …


Hustle In H-Town: Hip Hop Entrepreneurialism In Houston, Brittany L. Long Dec 2022

Hustle In H-Town: Hip Hop Entrepreneurialism In Houston, Brittany L. Long

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Imagine a sprawling, overheated American megalopolis that epitomizes diversity and segregation in one of the world’s youngest countries. Despite Houston’s history of structural racism and segregation, Houston Hip Hop entrepreneurs built communities and created storied businesses that culminate in a sense of local pride and Hip Hop identity that has not been replicated in the same manner in any other city. An examination of thought-provoking existing scholarship about the Hip Hop South and Hip Hop in Houston, as well as an examination of existing and collected primary sources (interviews) allow me to demonstrate two things: Hip Hop entrepreneurialism is a …


It’S “Hip Hop,” Not “Hip-Hop”, Tasha Iglesias, Travis Harris Dec 2022

It’S “Hip Hop,” Not “Hip-Hop”, Tasha Iglesias, Travis Harris

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

“It’s ‘Hip Hop,’ Not ‘hip-hop’” explains how two Hip Hop scholars, Tasha Iglesias and Travis Harris, collaborated to get the official academic spelling of Hip Hop changed from “hip-hop” to “Hip Hop.” While they were graduate students, they grew frustrated with reading numerous academic texts that did not represent Hip Hop in the same way the culture did outside of academia. Iglesias and Harris are Hip Hop and involved with the culture outside of the classroom. The clash between these two worlds led them to petition the American Psychological Association and eventually speak with Merriam Webster dictionary to change the …


Hip Hop And Spoken Word Therapy In School Counseling: Developing Culturally Responsive Approaches Book Review, Kalyn T. Coghill Dec 2022

Hip Hop And Spoken Word Therapy In School Counseling: Developing Culturally Responsive Approaches Book Review, Kalyn T. Coghill

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Hip Hop and Spoken Word Therapy in School Counseling: Developing Culturally Responsive Approaches by Ian Levy maps out the ways in which school counselors can incorporate Hip-Hop into their counseling practices in the K-12 school system. Levy provides examples of lessons they crafted specifically for this type of pedagogy and breaks down Hip Hop's contribution to education and counseling.


Chronicling Stankonia The Rise Of The Hip Hop South Book Review, Brittany L. Long Ms. Jan 2022

Chronicling Stankonia The Rise Of The Hip Hop South Book Review, Brittany L. Long Ms.

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Book review of Chronicling Stankonia The Rise of the Hip Hop South


Clan In Da Front - Wu-Tang: An American Saga Review, Marcus Smalls Dec 2021

Clan In Da Front - Wu-Tang: An American Saga Review, Marcus Smalls

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

@MarcusSmalls is a Teaching Artist and writer who uses his lifelong love of Hip Hop to moderate creative environments around spirituality and identity. He has been a writer in residence at Teachers & Writers Collaborative and a WritersCorps fellow at Bronx Council on the Arts and is the recipient of the 2021 St. Luke’s Alumni Artistic Achievement Award. Marcus has workshopped with award winning authors, M. Evelina Galang at VONA/Voices in 2015 and A. Naomi Jackson in Catapult’s Master Class in 2017. Marcus is currently featured on The MixTape Museum website. Marcus is a Teaching Artist for the Brooklyn Academy …


Give Me Body! Race, Gender, And Corpulence Identity In The Artistry And Activism Of Queen Latifah, Shannon Cochran Dec 2021

Give Me Body! Race, Gender, And Corpulence Identity In The Artistry And Activism Of Queen Latifah, Shannon Cochran

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Celebrity Queen Latifah’s body is one of the most observable Black female bodies in contemporary United States culture. Using Black feminist theory, textual analysis, and Hip Hop theory, I examine Queen Latifah’s Hip Hop corpulence bodily and narrative performativity. That is, I identify her usage of her body in different and varied spaces. Even though Queen Latifah’s weight has fluctuated throughout her career, she has centered her body in spaces that have previously been hostile to corpulent, defined here as simply meaning larger and nonconforming, bodies; particularly, corpulent Black female bodies. I build on the work of Black feminist scholars, …


“A Different Type Of Time”: Hip Hop, Fugitivity, And Fractured Temporality, Pedro Lebrón Ortiz Dec 2021

“A Different Type Of Time”: Hip Hop, Fugitivity, And Fractured Temporality, Pedro Lebrón Ortiz

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

In this article, I seek to explore Hip Hop as an expression of marronage. I identify marronage as an existential mode of being which restitutes human temporality. Slavery and flight from slavery constituted two inextricable historical processes, therefore logics of marronage must also constitute contemporary human experience. I argue that Hip Hop offers a distinct way of affirming and expressing one’s existence through what has been called a “maroon consciousness.” In the same way that maroons created new worlds free from the tyranny of slavery, Hip Hop offers the Hip Hoppa a space free from colonial logics.


A Critical Interpretive Synthesis Of Research Linking Hip Hop And Wellbeing In Schools, Alexander Crooke, Cristina Almeida, Rachael Comte Dec 2021

A Critical Interpretive Synthesis Of Research Linking Hip Hop And Wellbeing In Schools, Alexander Crooke, Cristina Almeida, Rachael Comte

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Hip Hop is recognized as an agent for youth development in both educational and well-being spaces, yet literature exploring the intersection of the two areas is comparatively underdeveloped. This article presents a critical interpretive synthesis of twenty-two articles investigating school-based well-being interventions which used Hip Hop. The critical stance taken aimed to identify or expose assumptions underpinning this area of scholarship and practice. Our analysis suggested several assumptions operate in this space, including the idea rap represents a default for Hip Hop culture, and the default beneficiaries of Hip Hop-informed interventions are students of color living in underprivileged, inner-city US …


Foreword, Travis Harris Dec 2021

Foreword, Travis Harris

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Foreword to volume 8 issue 1.


Covid Edition, Journal Of Hip Hop Studies Dec 2021

Covid Edition, Journal Of Hip Hop Studies

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

No abstract provided.


Spirituality Countering Dehumanization: A Cypher On Asian American Hip Hop Flow, Brett J. Esaki Dec 2021

Spirituality Countering Dehumanization: A Cypher On Asian American Hip Hop Flow, Brett J. Esaki

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Flow—an artistic connection to the beat—is essential to the experience and cultural mix of Hip Hop. “Flow” is also a term from positive psychology that describes a special out-of-body state of consciousness, first articulated by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. When Hip Hop performers get into artistic flow, they sometimes become immersed in psychological flow, and this article examines the combination for Asian American Hip Hop. Based on my national survey of Asian Americans in Hip Hop, I argue that dual flow inspires spiritual transformation and mitigates the dehumanization of social marginalization. However, the combination of terms presents problematic possibilities, given that Hip …


Foreword, Travis T. Harris Jul 2020

Foreword, Travis T. Harris

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

No abstract provided.


Introduction: Savage And Savvy: Mapping Contemporary Hip Hop Feminism, Aria S. Halliday, Ashley N. Payne Jul 2020

Introduction: Savage And Savvy: Mapping Contemporary Hip Hop Feminism, Aria S. Halliday, Ashley N. Payne

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Introduction to the special issue on Hip Hop Feminism entitled Twenty-First Century B.I.T.C.H. Frameworks: Hip Hop Feminism Comes of Age.


Letter To Jatavia Johnson And Caresha Brownlee (The City Girls), Kyra March Jul 2020

Letter To Jatavia Johnson And Caresha Brownlee (The City Girls), Kyra March

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

This letter to Jatavia Johnson and Caresha Brownlee (the City Girls) argues that the rap duo’s brand, music, and videos are prime examples of Hip Hop and percussive feminism. It also explains how their contributions to the rap industry as Black womxn have inspired other Black womxn to embrace their sexuality, live freely, and disregard politics of respectability. Personal experiences from the author are incorporated to display how the City Girls are empowering and inspiring a new generation of Black womxn and girls. Additionally, critiques from the media and double standards between white and Black womxn in the entertainment industry …


The Cardi B–Beyoncé Complex: Ratchet Respectability And Black Adolescent Girlhood, Ashley N. Payne Jul 2020

The Cardi B–Beyoncé Complex: Ratchet Respectability And Black Adolescent Girlhood, Ashley N. Payne

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

The identity of Black girls is constantly subject to scrutiny in various spaces, particularly within Hip Hop and education. Previous scholarship has noted that, as Black girls are compelled to navigate the margins of respectability politics, the images and messages of Hip Hop culture have always created a complicated and complex space for Black girls’ identity development. The purpose of this article is to explore how Black adolescent girls construct their identities, particularly as it relates to ratchet-respectability identity politics, a concept called the Cardi B–Beyoncé́ complex. In examining the Cardi B–Beyoncé́ complex, I look at the intersection of …


It’S Complicated: Black Hip Hop Feminist Art Commentary On Us Democracy, Camea Davis Jul 2020

It’S Complicated: Black Hip Hop Feminist Art Commentary On Us Democracy, Camea Davis

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Part narrative reflection, part artistic installation, this work contemplates the tensions and the possibilities of Hip Hop culture, Black womanhood, and American democracy in the United States. The significance of this work is twofold: (1) The authors use Hip Hop feminism to develop a framework for Hip Hop activism as a public pedagogy on US politics, and (2) they provide commentary on US democracy from a Black Hip Hop feminist perspective through art. This article contributes an argument for a creative ontological space from which Black women can reimagine a justice-centered US democracy.


Hip Hop Feminism Starter Kit, M. Nicole Horsley Jul 2020

Hip Hop Feminism Starter Kit, M. Nicole Horsley

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

The inspiration to develop a Hip Hop Feminist workbook developed from a college course I teach: Hip Hop Feminism: Queen B*tch. An Introduction to the (im)Possibilities of Hip Hop Feminism. Using the syllabus, I have developed lessons and talks on college campuses that I have also delivered to community spaces with Black girls and women, secondary educators, parents, and student organizations. I teach resistance and anti-establishment readings of our bodies, lyrics, and live and mediated performances of Hoes With An Attitude (H.W.A.) Lil’ Kim, Missy ‘Misdemeanor’ Elliott, Cardi B, The City Girls; as well as topics related to Hip Hop …


“Yeah, I’M In My Bag, But I’M In His Too”: How Scamming Aesthetics Utilized By Black Women Rappers Undermine Existing Institutions Of Gender, Diana Khong Jul 2020

“Yeah, I’M In My Bag, But I’M In His Too”: How Scamming Aesthetics Utilized By Black Women Rappers Undermine Existing Institutions Of Gender, Diana Khong

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

2018 was the year of the “scammer,” in which many Black women rappers took on “scamming” aesthetics in their lyrics and music video imagery. Typified by rappers such as City Girls and Cardi B, the scammer archetype is characterized by the desire for financial gain and material possessions and the emotional disregard of men. This paper investigates how Black women rappers, in employing these themes in their music, subvert existing expectations of gender by using the identity of the scammer as a restorative figure. The objectification of men in their music works in counterpoint to the dominant gender system and …


Black Rural Feminist Trap: Stylized And Gendered Performativity In Trap Music, Corey Miles Jul 2020

Black Rural Feminist Trap: Stylized And Gendered Performativity In Trap Music, Corey Miles

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Hip Hop, particularly trap music, has been conceptualized as male-centered, despite Black women’s role in its inception. This paper engages with trap music as a structural template that is co-constructed and used as a site of articulation by Black women to engage in gendered performativity. Rather than engaging with trap lyrics as literal representations of artists’ desires and politics, I examine the types of gender constructions that are enabled when the aesthetic structure of trap music performativity is centered. I analyze this through ethnographic research in northeast North Carolina, situating trap music within a Hip Hop feminist framework. I contend …


Twenty-First Century B.I.T.C.H. Frameworks: Hip Hop Feminism Comes Of Age, Aria S. Halliday, Ashley N. Payne Jul 2020

Twenty-First Century B.I.T.C.H. Frameworks: Hip Hop Feminism Comes Of Age, Aria S. Halliday, Ashley N. Payne

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

This special issue is dedicated to the bad bitches. The ratchet women. The classy women. The hood feminists. The “feminism isn’t for everybody” feminists. Those women, femmes, and girls who continuously (re)present and (re)construct Black girl/womanhood. The creatives, the innovators, the women that are “often imitated, but never duplicated.” This issue is dedicated to you and the ways in which you challenge us to (re)define what it means to be Black girls/women in this world and what it means to reclaim power over your own representation and images. This issue is for you, defined by you, and inspired by you.


”I Speak Hip Hop”: An Informative Interview About Generation Hip Hop And The Universal Hip Hop Museum, Tasha Iglesias, Travis T. Harris Nov 2019

”I Speak Hip Hop”: An Informative Interview About Generation Hip Hop And The Universal Hip Hop Museum, Tasha Iglesias, Travis T. Harris

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

”I Speak Hip Hop” is an interview of members of Generation Hip Hop and the Universal Hip Hop Museum. This primary source highlights two Hip Hop organizations with chapters around the world. Tasha Iglesias and Travis Harris posits that Hip Hop scholars have not fully uncovered Hip Hop's history around the world. As such, in addition to being a primary source, "I Speak Hip Hop" reveals the need for more scholarly attention on the dynamic expansion of Hip Hop cultures.


Dedication To Ikeogu Oke, Travis T. Harris Nov 2019

Dedication To Ikeogu Oke, Travis T. Harris

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

This short article describes why this special issue is dedicated to Ikeogu Oke. He transitioned while we were completing the special issue.


Whither World?, Ikeogu Oke Nov 2019

Whither World?, Ikeogu Oke

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Second of ten poems written by the late and great Nigerian poet Ikeogu Oke.


I Beg Of You, Honey, Ikeogu Oke Nov 2019

I Beg Of You, Honey, Ikeogu Oke

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

First of 10 poems written by the late and great Nigerian poet Ikeogu Oke


Dear Mama, Ikeogu Oke Nov 2019

Dear Mama, Ikeogu Oke

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Third of ten poems written by the late and great Nigerian Poet Ikeogu Oke.


Watching The World, Ikeogu Oke Nov 2019

Watching The World, Ikeogu Oke

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Fourth of ten poems written by the late and great Nigerian Poet Ikeogu Oke.