Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 53, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Jessie, Lisa. President Kern Alexander Accepts Job at Virginia Tech
• Albrecht, Dana & Todd Pack. Campus Surprised – Kern Alexander’s Resignation
• Hoppes, Lynn & Kelli Patrick. University to Investigate Allegations of an Assault – Kappa Alpha Psi
• Wilder, Mary. Sociology Professor Craig Taylor Pulls Double Duty as Town Mayor
• Richards, Toya. Western to Reclaim School – Jones-Jaggers
• Fullen, Rebecca. Hangout May Get Own Committee – Niteclass
• College Heights Herald Wins State Awards
• Carter, Darla. Live Bands Add Variety, Life to Niteclass
• New Minority Director Della …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 52, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Klausnitzer, Dorren. Scott Whitehouse Winner in Associated Student Government Presidential Election
• Klausnitzer, Dorren. Invalid Write-In Ballots Outnumber Winner’s Votes
• Stevenson, Cindy. Few Teachers, Increased Enrollment Cause Some Departure Course Closings
• Welch, Jeff. Minority Director Starts in High Gear to Aid Students - Della Elliott
• Summers, Jason. J Michael Brown Offered Dean of Business
• Herald Adviser Bob Adams Considers Suing Kern Alexander
• Fullen, Rebecca. Three Comedians Crack Up Crowd at Niteclass
• Clarification is Needed for Next Elections – Associated Student Government Election
• Editorial Cartoon – Contested …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 51, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Stevenson, Cindy. Bruce Cambron Insists Votes Should Count
• Richards, Toya. Editorial Freedom Advised
• Underwood, Jennifer. Official Candidates Discuss Associated Student Government, Cable
• Poore, Chris. Carding Causes Decline of Animal House Parties
• Pack, Todd. Legislative Victories Celebrated
• Patrick, Kelli. Enrollment Guidelines to be Stricter
• Panhellenic Council Votes Today on Adding Sorority
• Associated Student Government Can’t Ignore Votes for Write-In Candidate
• Editorial Cartoon – Student Government Association Election
• Pack, Todd. Western Could Use Creativity to Boost its Skimpy Budget
• Buckman, William. Media Attacks
• Summer, Kimberly. Vote Scott …

The Tripled Plot And Center Of Sula, Maureen T. Reddy

Faculty Publications

Critics of Sula frequently comment on the pervasive presence of death, the uses of a particular cultural and historical background, the split or doubled protagonist (Sula/Nel), and the attention to chronology in the novel. However, as far as I am aware, no one has presented a reading of Sula that explores the interrelatedness of these elements; yet it is the connections among them that most usefully reveal the novel's overall thematic patterns. Sula can be, and has been, read as, among other things, a fable, a lesbian novel, a black female bildungsroman, a novel of heroic questing, and an historical …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 50, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Klausnitzer, Dorren. Shannon Ragland, Scott Whitehouse Win in Associated Student Government Primaries
• Klausnitzer, Dorren. Cost of Losing Race Hits Candidates Hearts, Pockets
• Summers, Jason. Activism Alive and Different
• Tutt, Allison. Western Students Grow in Kindergartens
• Jessie, Lisa. Censor threat Dead, Panel Says
• Stevenson, Cindy. Advisement May Expand to Juniors
• Kern Alexander Visits Capitol Looking for Budget Boost
• Charge Against William Schilling Dismissed
• Extending Classes Would Cater to Suitcasers
• Editorial Cartoon – Suitcasers
• Bussey, Charles. Modern Politics Have Ominous Overtones
• Cowan, Tracey. Survey Complaint
• Copenhaver, Steve …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 49, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Jessie, Lisa. WKU Glasgow Figures Increase
• Carter, Darla. T.G.I.F. Task Force Discussing Longer Classes
• Hoppes, Lynn. Clown’s Antics Paint Smiles on Special Faces at Olympics
• Turner, Todd. Budget Controversy Continues
• Turner, Todd. Regents Back Publications Proposals
• New Mall to Bring Shopping Closer to Home for Western
• Pack, Todd. Stay Fit Bill: Senate Plan Includes Student Activities
• Records Show President Now Singing a New Song
• Editorial Cartoon – Housing & Residence Life
• Combining Housing Ideas Could Ease Coming Crunch
• Kolbenschiag, Peter. Bruce Cambron’s Justice
• Trutty-Coohill, Patricia. …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 48, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Albrecht, Dana. Concern About Publications Future Intensifies: Kern Alexander Defends His Statements
• Richards, Toya. Students Rally for Free Speech
• Stevenson, Cindy. All-Age Night Serves Up Live Music to Banned Minors
• Fullen, Rebecca. Leaders Hear Entertainment Ideas
• Associated Student Government Tables Proposal Against Kern Alexander
• Search for WKU Glasgow Chief Extended
• Vapor Leak Not Harmful
• Education Savings Plan Bill Signed
• Special Olympics Requests Buddies for Saturday Event
• Faculty Can’t Dismiss Worth of Student Input
• Editorial Cartoon – Faculty Evaluations
• Hoppes, Lynn. Ombudsman Explains Paper’s Stance on …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 47, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Eagleston, Leigh Ann. Committee Confused About Kern Alexander’s Goals
• Pack, Todd. Teachers Might Get Pay Raise
• Albrecht, Dana. Faculty Senate Discusses Evaluations by Students
• Kern Alexander Not Thinking of New Job
• Carter, Darla. Ogden College Exposes Careers
• 2 of 32 Associated Student Government Positions Contested
• Stevenson, Cindy. Drinks Mixed in Hotel Management Class
• Orientation Will Add to Campus Parking Woes
• Amazing Tones in National Contest
• Pressing Matter Shows Need for Clarification – College Heights Herald
• Editorial Cartoon – Kern Alexander Putting Leash on College Heights …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 46, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Richards, Toya. Kern Alexander Says He Won’t Censor
• Poore, Chris. Mall Walkers Pursue Health in Slower Lane
• Patrick, Kelli. Female Campus Police Shoot Down Stereotypes
• Underwood, Jennifer. Off-Campus Housing Ruled Out
• Associated Student Government Officer Arrested - William Byron Shilling
• Wallace Wilkinson Welcomes New Business in Town
• Albrecht, Dana. Handwritten Ratings Spark Concern
• WKRX’s New FM Signal Could Use a Funding Boost
• Editorial Cartoon – Faculty Evaluations
• Evaluation Comments Can’t Be Honest if Not Confidential
• Hoffman, Mildred. Helpful Sigma Phi Epsilon
• Harrell, Chris. Nuclear Danger …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 45, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Klausnitzer, Dorren. Associated Student Government Chiefs Rarely Keep Office Hours
• Carter, Darla & Mary Wilder. Spring Break Deals Need Checking Out
• Aubespin, Eleska. Students Should Watch for Harsh Rays: Real and Fake
• Underwood, Jennifer. Early Campaign Raises Questions – Student Government Association
• Pack, Todd. Bill Limiting Regent Choices Dies
• Kern Alexander to Meet with Governor
• Stevenson, Cindy. Choices 1988 – Presidential Primary Election
• Associated Student Government’s Office Hours Mean Little if Not Kept Up
• Editorial Cartoon – Associated Student Government
• Hoppes, Lynn. College Junior Borrows …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 44, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Richards, Toya. Glasgow Enrollment Included 7-County Area
• Pack, Todd. Savings Plan Up for Vote – Higher Education
• Eline, Sidney. Special Olympics Strike Chord of Generosity
• Wilder, Mary. Barren River Area Safe Space Shelter Gives Abused Spouses Safe Space, Peace of Mind
• Short Causes Fire in Student’s Car – Dane Allen
• Carter, Darla. Professor James McGuire Tells of Travels in Africa
• Albrecht, Dana. Policy Makes Class Time Prime Time
• Bill Schilling’s Leave Request Should Be Early Warning
• Editorial Cartoon Kern Alexander Absent from Meeting
• Kern Alexander’s …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 43, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Hutcherson, Jackie. Regents Give Go-Ahead to $232,300 Budget Cut
• Hutcherson, Jackie. Paul Cook Talks to Director of Budget
• Stevenson, Cindy. Group Shares Time, Puppies with Elderly – Alpha Phi Omega
• McIntire, Michelle. Reagan’s Economics Stagnant
• Klausnitzer, Dorren. Bill Schilling Asks for Leave of Absence – Student Government Association
• Freshman Death Now Ruled Accidental – Julia O’Flynn
• Student Government Association Needs to Get Better Ideas, Not Gimmicks
• Editorial Cartoon – Student Government Association Lottery
• Student Promotions Department Could Bring in More Fans Cheaply
• Kirkwood, Trace & …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 42, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Underwood, Jennifer. Western Unlikely to Follow University of Kentucky – Alcohol in Dorms
• Underwood, Jennifer. Drinking Common in Dorms
• Gonnella, Jennie. Palestine Battle Crosses Miles to 2 Students
• Klausnitzer, Dorren. Student Government Association Cites Reasons for Vacancies
• Absentee Ballots Available
• Fullen, Rebecca. Law Plays Havoc On Minor Bands – Minors Banned from Bars
• Richards, Toya. Committee to Monitor General Major
• Aubespin, Eleska. Black History Month Can Bridge Gap in Knowledge
• Dorm Residents Can’t Be Left Dry by Alcohol Exceptions
• Editorial Cartoon – Alcohol on Campus …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 41, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Hutcherson, Jackie. Rally Cry: Can’t Be Great at 48 – Higher Education
• Fullen, Rebecca. Niteclass Adds Bands to Find its Own Niche
• Stevenson, Cindy. Kern Alexander Talks with Students
• Tresch, Nancy. Strange Town Names Grow from Varied Roots
• Brown, Matthew. Drawing Board – Annette Cohorn works on project in Industrial Education Building
• Bob Dole Wins College Republicans
• Summers, Jason. In Military Science, the Heat is On
• Alcohol Amendment Request Turned Down
• Annual Teacher Job Fair to be Feb 23-26
• Student Government Association, Students Can’t Quit …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 40, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Albrecht, Dana. Deans Face Predicted Teacher Retirement Losses
• Summer, Jason. Campus Cops Do More Than Catch Crooks – WKU Police
• Hutcherson, Jackie. Without Adding Faculty, Colleges Face Real Trouble
• Fullen, Rebecca. Concert Success Despite Lack of College Crowd
• Kern Alexander to Talk at Campus Forum
• Fullen, Rebecca. Law Leaves Minors Out in the Cold – Minors Banned from Bars
• President Kern Alexander Forum Gives Rare Chance to Students
• Long Wait Lists, Deadlines Should Keep Students on Toes
• Editorial Cartoon – Housing Shortage
• Wilson, Rhea. Slighted …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 39, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Hutcherson, Jackie. Faculty Hirings Delayed
• Underwood, Jennifer. Freshmen First For Housing
• Pack, Todd. Wallace Wilkinson Changes Priorities
• Sullivan, Laura. Teaching English to Foreigners Breaks Silent Barrier – Carole Baum
• Albrecht, Dana. Enrollment Cap to be Discussed
• Accounting Gets Fraternity Charter – Beta Alpha Psi
• Richards, Toya. Student Affairs to Forge Ahead
• Western Hires Professor Robert Antony to Teach Asian Studies
• Enrollment Limits May Prove Problem Exists
• Editorial Cartoon: Big Red Panhandling
• Going to Rally for Higher Education is a Very Important Assignment for Students, Faculty …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 38, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Poore, Chris. Rules at Other Greek Rows Cause Fewer Problems
• Patrick, Kelli. Rape Crisis Volunteers Help Victims
• Sullivan, Laura. International Students Face Language Gap
• McIntire, Michelle. Fanfare Crowns Opening at Glasgow Campus
• Hutcherson, Jackie. Donations Used to Plug Education
• Kenneth Sanborn Dies of Illness at 57
• Residence Hall Association Delays the Vote on Absenteeism
• Rape Shouldn’t Be Treated as an Occasional Concern
• Wallace Wilkinson’s Comments Show True Feelings About Education
• Editorial Cartoon: Wallace Wilkinson on Higher Education
• Groemling, Tom. Denying Needs – Kern Alexander
• Todd, …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 37, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Humphreys, Mack. Educators Blast Proposed Budget: Presidents Say Cuts Too Deep
• Fullen, Rebecca. Disorders with Eating Affect Many
• Albrecht, Dana. Faculty Concerned About Wallace Wilkinson’s Plans
• Richards, Toya. Duplication, Not Deception, Cause Glasgow Enrollment Inflation
• Murphy, Nancy. AIDS Groups Looks to Set Policies
• Taylor, David. Higher Education Rally Feb. 16
• Student Helps Police Nab Lexington Fugitive
• Student Mary Lynn Hurt Dies of Pneumonia
• 4 Student Government Association Congress Positions Filled at Meeting
• Pizzazz Should Wait Until Fall – Nightclubs
• Health Clinic Can’t Cope Well With …

Black Heritage Stamp Series: James Weldon Johnson, United States Postal Service. Stamp Division

Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Stamp Collection

Informational pages for James Weldon Johnson Commemorative Stamp - Black Heritage Series, includes images of the stamps, information about the physical stamp and biographical information for James Weldon Johnson. First issued February 2, 1988, stamp No. 303 in a series.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 36, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Pack, Todd. Budget Crunch May Force Cap on Enrollment
• Murphy, Nancy. Clinic changing Approach – Student Health Services
• Gonnella, Jennie. Students Unhappy About Losing Rock House
• Turner, Todd. Professor Robert Baum Got Sneak Preview of History in the Making
• Hall, David. Station’s Move to FM to Increase Its Power
• Asbestos Makes Repairs Dangerous – Cherry Hall
• Fullen, Rebecca. Pizzazz’s Site Narrowed to Two
• Losing Rock House, Identity Will Be Difficult
• Editorial Cartoon – Greek Row vs. Rock House
• Wallace Wilkinson Has to Face the Facts …

Ua12/2/1 January Magazine, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

Special magazine edition of the College Heights Herald featuring articles:

• Albrecht, Dana. Walker Memorial Mission is a Place the Homeless Call Home
• Woehler, Eric. I’m Still Smiling Every Day – James McNary

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 35, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Pack, Todd. Wallace Wilkinson Budget Grim for Western
• Poore, Chris. High Cost of Being Greek Doesn’t Deter Most Joiners
• Patrick, Kelli. Kentucky Drivers Stretch 65-mph Speed Law to the Limit
• Klausnitzer, Dorren. Student Government Association Votes for Giving Sample Tests
• Underwood, Jennifer. McGruff Takes a Bite Out of Campus Crime
• Bluhm, Sepha. Glasgow Campus to Have Events
• Underwood, Jennifer. Washer in Dorms a Top Priority
• Student Government Association Diversity is Poor Excuse
• On the Move: Going Off Campus Could Head Off Housing Troubles
• Editorial Cartoon …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 34, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Turner, Todd. Ordinance Creates Scramble to Entertain Minors
• Underwood, Jennifer. Housing Sought Off Campus
• Pack, Todd. Bill Limiting Appointing Power Attracts Opposition
• Albrecht, Dana. Kern Alexander Wants More Money
• Freshman Julia Diane O’Fynn Dies of Apparent Overdose
• Carter, Darla. Students Can Delay Fee Payment if Aid is Late
• Richards, Toya. Overdrawn Account Freezes Emergency Loans for Now
• Minority Director Selected - Della Elliot
• Making School Better, Not Easier, Is the Goal
• Editorial Cartoon – Education Reform
• Hoppes, Lynn. Ombudsman Responds to Questions about Herald Policy …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 33, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Fullen, Rebecca. Commission Decides to Bar Minors from Clubs
• Hutcherson, Jackie. Local Lawmakers Oppose Lottery
• Albrecht, Dana. Dollmaker Practices at Private Hospital – Essie Phelps
• Owensboro Junior Kevin Ray Radford Accused of Raping a Freshman, 18
• Kern Alexander’s Divorce Final Soon
• Klausnitzer, Dorren. Student Government Association Senior Class President Greg Robertson Quits
• Campus Should Pay More Attention to Details Now
• Editorial Cartoon – College Savings Plans
• Savings Plan Could Help Parents Take Long-Range Look at College
• Peyton, Sunny. Remembering Donny Elliott
• Ketron, Bennie. Overpriced Pick-Up …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 32, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Turner, Todd & Dana Albrecht. Students Organize to Protest Barring Minors
• Stevenson, Cindy. King of the Hill – Martin Luther King Day
• Murphy, Nancy. Rules, Attitudes About Sex Have Relaxed Over Time
• Hutcherson, Jackie. Western Gears up to Ask for Funds
• More Than 50 Apply for Glasgow Director – WKU Glasgow
• Gonnella, Jennie. Hairstyling Trends Today Show Wide Variety of Personalities
• Tennessee Junior Donald Elliott Jr Dies in Accident
• Proposed Minor Ban Calls for Strong Words, Actions
• Editorial Cartoon: Minors Banned from Bars
• Students Could …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 31, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Poore, Chris. Requirements Will Keep Some Greeks from Row
• Pack, Todd. Bill Helps Invest in Education
• Discrimination Lives On, as Does Martin Luther King’s Memory
• Crouch, Donna. Phone System to Arrive Next Fall
• Bulging Wall Forces South Hall Evacuation
• Underwood, Jennifer. Western to Offer Fall ’88 Study Session in Britain
• Editorial Cartoon – Big Red, WKU Glasgow, Council on Higher Education
• Council on Higher Education’s New Rules Make Best of WKU Glasgow Move
• Anderson, Alan. Rights Activist Remembers Martin Luther King’s Courage
• Lowry, Mark. Bar …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 63, No. 30, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Hutcherson, Jackie. People Flock to Support Glasgow Campus
• Fullen, Rebecca. Instructor Kathy Wise-Leonard Keeps Students on Their Toes – Ballet
• Patrick, Kelli. Bars May Ban Minors
• Pack, Todd. Outlook for Higher Education Isn’t Good, Officials Say
• Hutcherson, Jackie. Local Businessman Wendell Strode Sworn in as 12^th Regent
• Power Fails in 2 Dorms, Returns Today – South Hall, West Hall
• Richards, Toya. Dispute Continues As More Regents Added
• Underwood, Jennifer. Dorms May Get $5 Million Renovation
• Movies, VCRs Can be Rented in Pearce-Ford Tower
• Bar …

Media Images Of Boston's Black Community, Kirk A. Johnson

William Monroe Trotter Institute Publications

In their efforts to report on the forces that affect Boston's racial climate, the local media have typically focused on the more obvious institutional actors: businesses, city hall, school boards, churches, the courts, neighborhood groups. Rarely have the media themselves been subjected to the same scrutiny. This study represents one such effort It is an analysis of the images of Boston's black community that are conveyed through the local news media. It asks the question: If a Bostonian relied solely on the local news for information about local blacks, 1) what impressions would he or she be left with, and …

Editor's Note, Wornie L. Reed

Trotter Review

Since this winter issue of the Trotter Institute Review coincides with Black History Month, we are dedicating this issue to an important figure in Afro-American history —- William Monroe Trotter, after whom the Institute was named.

The lead article is the transcript of a speech given by Massachusetts State Representative Byron Rushing during the Black History Month ceremony at the Massachusetts State House on February 1, 1987, on the importance of knowing black history. The other articles and the poem in this issue were taken from presentations made at a symposium on William Monroe Trotter during the re-opening celebration last …

Raising Up Our Memory, Byron Rushing

Trotter Review

There was a man named Carter G. Woodson; Carter G. Woodson was a historian. He taught school at a black college in Washington, D.C. — Howard University. He was concerned about the fact that when he went out to talk with young people — young black people in public schools in Washington, D.C. — none of the students could name a famous black person. He thought it was terrible that no young black people knew the names of famous black people; that they didn’t know the name of Frederick Douglass; that they didn’t know the names of black inventors; black …