Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Analysis Of The Hatchel Site (41bw3) Platform Mound Ceramic Vessels, Vessel Sections, Sherds, Pipes, And Other Clay Artifacts, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Hatchel site (41BW3) is a major ancestral Nasoni Caddo village and mound center on a natural levee deposit in the floodplain of the Red River in Bowie County, Texas, just a few kilometers west of the Arkansas state line. The site was occupied by the Caddo from at least A.D. 1040 to the late 17th century; the latest temporal estimate is based primarily on the association of the Hatchel platform mound with a mound and templo illustrated on a 1691 map drawn of the site during the Teran expedition, and selected decorated sherds and vessels in the uppermost mound …

Investigating A Caddo Mound Site In The Ouachita River Valley, Mary Beth Trubitt, Jami J. Lockhart, Vanessa N. Hanvey

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeologists from the Natural Resources Conservation Service and Arkansas Archeological Survey employed multiple techniques to investigate a newly recorded mound site (3DA673) in the Ouachita River valley in southern Arkansas. Topographic mapping documented a large two-stage mound. Geophysical surveying around the mound revealed anomalies in the gradiometry and resistance data, and soil coring detailed floodplain soils. A test unit was excavated in a large circular anomaly that corresponded to a low topographic rise north of the main mound. While very few artifacts were found, a burned zone and a post mold feature suggest the anomaly was a burned structure covered …

Digitizing Gilcrease Museum’S Lemley Collection: Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives From Native Artists And Scholars, Jesse Nowak, Diana Folsom

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In 2014, The Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art received a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) to fund a project that created a multidisciplinary, searchable online catalogue of ancient Mississippian and Caddo ceramic vessels, the largest of its kind to date. This paper provides a summary of the history of the Lemley collection, its contributions to Caddo archaeology, and the development of the digitization program at the Gilcrease Museum. This work also highlights the major contributions made through the collaborative effort between museum experts, Native American artists, tribal representatives, and Dr. Ann Early, …

Fluvial Sequencing And Caddo Landform Modification At The Crenshaw Site (3mi6), John R. Samuelsen, Margaret Guccione

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Red River in southwest Arkansas creates a changing environment that has had a large impact on those who lived there, including floods, channel movements, and the erosion of whole landforms. River movements, and the resulting oxbow lakes, create an environment favorable to fishing. This study uses historical documents, lidar data, and coring methods to sequence past river movements around a multiple-mound Caddo ceremonial center, the Crenshaw site. This information is used to determine the likely location of the Red River at the time the ancient Caddo constructed the mounds and to note where portions of the ancient site may …

Motifs In Motion: An Iconographic Evaluation Of Spiro Engraved Production And Distribution Between The Northern And Southern Caddo Areas, Shawn P. Lambert

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Spiro Engraved, characterized by restricted set of curvilinear motifs, is viewed as one of the ceramic hallmarks of the Early Caddo period (A.D. 950-1150). Spatial variation in Spiro Engraved vessels has been well-documented through various provenance and stylistic studies across the northern and southern Caddo areas. However, almost no analyses of Spiro Engraved vessels have considered variation in motif occurrence and expression between the northern and southern Caddo areas. In this study, I review the most robust and comprehensive sample of Spiro Engraved vessels throughout the Caddo world to understand motif variation within the region. The results show that northern …

The Cobb-Pool Site, A Caddo Settlement In The Mountain Creek Valley, S. Alan Skinner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Cobb-Pool site was excavated in 1985-1986 by the Archaeology Research Program at Southern Methodist University (SMU) before Joe Pool Lake was constructed. The site had been located by the late R. King Harris in the 1930s and Harris collected early Caddo pottery, a Gahagan biface, Alba arrow points, and other chipped stone tools from the surface. SMU located the posthole pattern of three house structures, a large roasting pit, and several other features. Recovered during the excavation was an assemblage that complemented the Harris collection but also included a large sample of maize unlike that found in any other …

Early Shell-Tempered Pots And Corn In The Ozark Highland, Marvin Kay

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The health benefits of cooking corn (Zea mays) in a shell-tempered pot seem to be at the heart of an important innovation, and is inferred to be strong evidence of corn as an A.D. seventh-century dietary supplement if not a true staple in the Ozark Highland.

Book Review: Ouachita Mountains Archeology: Researching The Past With Two Projects In Arkansas, Mary Beth Trubitt, 2019, Arkansas Archeological Survey Popular Series No. 6, Isbn 978-1-56349-109-2., Scott W. Hammerstedt

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This book, written for a general audience, summarizes 10,000 years of history in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. Trubitt draws upon data from Arkansas Archeological Society excavations at the Jones Mill and Dragover sites in southwest Arkansas to produce a highly readable, well-illustrated, and informative volume that introduces the non-professional reader to archaeological work. The use of text boxes to supplement the main narrative, along with a detailed glossary of key terms, allow her to present important concepts without dragging the reader into minutia.

Report: The 62nd Annual Caddo Conference And 27th Annual East Texas Archeological Conference, Tyler, Texas, February 28 And 29, 2020, Thomas H. Guderjan, E. Cory Sills, C. Colleen Hanratty, Keith Eppich, Amanda Regnier, Christy Simmons, Anthony Souther, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The 62nd Caddo Conference and 27th East Texas Archeological Conference was held at the University Center on the campus of the University of Texas at Tyler on February 28 and 29, 2020. The conference was dedicated to the rebuilding of public facilities at Caddo Mounds State Historic Site. These facilities had been destroyed by a tornado in 2019. The conference organizers were Thomas Guderjan, Colleen Hanratty, Cory Sills, Christy Simmons (University of Texas at Tyler), Keith Eppich (Tyler Junior College), Anthony Souther (Caddo Mounds State Historic Site), Amanda Regnier (Oklahoma Archeological Survey), Mark Walters (Texas Historical Commission Steward). Sponsors included …

Current Research: Index Of Texas Archaeology Ceramic Comparative Collection, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Index of Texas Archaeology (ITA) (https:// scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/) was developed by the Heritage Research Center at Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) (Figure 1) (Bousman and Selden 2018; Selden and Bousman 2017). ITA was built using the Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress) platform, is part of SFASU’s institutional repository, and is a digital repository that aggregates, distributes, and indexes scarce, limited-production, and digital archaeological works related to the State of Texas and adjacent regions, much of which was produced through publicly-funded projects.

Ann M. Early’S Contributions To Caddo Archeology, George Sabo Iii, Mary Beth Trubitt, Kathy Cande

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Following a 48-year career at the Arkansas Archeological Survey, Dr. Ann M. Early retired in June 2020. In this short essay, we highlight her extensive contributions to the archeology of the Caddo area and her research on the culture history of the Caddo people in and south of the Ouachita Mountains.

The Archaeology, Bioarchaeology, Ethnography, Ethnohistory, And History Bibliography Of The Caddo Indian Peoples Of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, And Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Duncan Mckinnon, Scott Hammerstedt

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Archaeology, Bioarchaeology, Ethnography, Ethnohistory, and History Bibliography of the Caddo Indian Peoples of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.

Current Research: Selected Historic Caddo Allen Phase Vessels From The Deshazo Site (41na13/27) On Bayou Loco, Nacogdoches County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Continuing with the on-going study of ancestral Caddo ceramic vessels from East Texas Caddo sites, I document three ceramic vessels and a fourth ceramic vessel section from excavations at the Deshazo site (41NA13/27) by The University of Texas at Austin (UT) in 1975-1976. The Deshazo site is the best studied Allen phase settlement in East Texas, and the archaeological investigations there indicates it was a small centralized hamlet of an affiliated group with a series of circular structures and an associated household or family cemetery. Most sites of the Allen phase were apparently occupied for only short periods of time, …

Current Research: Archaeological Investigations At The Shackleford Creek Site (41sm494), Smith County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

An archaeological survey in 2018 of the proposed Shackleford Creek Residential Development, a federally permitted project, in the upper Angelina River basin in East Texas by Tejas Archaeology identified the ancestral Caddo Shackleford Creek site (41SM494). Because the site was only investigated with a few shovel tests during the archaeological survey, although sufficient to identify the site extent and general characteristics of deposit depth and artifact content, but appeared to contain intact archaeological deposits of ancestral Caddo age, Nelson and Perttula recommended that the site warranted further evaluation by a plan of test excavations to determine its research potential and …

Current Research: Update On The Hodges Collection Of Native American Artifacts, Mary Beth D. Trubitt

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During the 1930s and 1940s, Thomas and Charlotte Hodges of Bismarck, Arkansas, surface collected and excavated artifacts from archaeological sites in Arkansas. Most came from ancestral Caddo sites in the Middle Ouachita River valley in Clark and Hot Spring counties, with a small portion originating from Southeast Arkansas sites. The Hodgeses, along with Vere Huddleston and Robert Proctor of Arkadelphia, were amateur archeologists at a time when there were few professional archeologists working in the state. Philip Phillips of Harvard University photographed some of the Hodges and Huddleston collections during his 1939 Ouachita River Valley survey, and Alex Krieger from …

Report: Abstracts From The 71st Caddo Conference Held At University Of Central Arkansas, Duncan P. Mckinnon

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The 61st Caddo Conference was held on March 21-23, 2019 in the McCastlain Hall Ballroom on the campus of UCA. The Caddo Conference coincided with Arkansas Archeology Month. Funding was provided by UCA Foundation, the Department of Sociology, Criminology, and Anthropology (SCA) at UCA, the Caddo Conference Organization, the Arkansas Archeological Survey, and the Arkansas Archeological Society.

The conference began Friday, March 21st at 9am with several research presentations throughout the day. Twelve presentations and three research posters were presented. Additionally, several book publishers and Caddo artists displayed books and art for sale. There were 45 paid registrants attending the …

Current Research: A Pilot Study In The Use Of Pxrf Analysis Of Caddo Ceramics, Tom Middlebrook, C. Colleen Hanratty

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Wilson "Dub" Crook III's paper presented to the East Texas Archeological Conference concerning the use of X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) in sourcing turquoise artifacts sparked an interest in utilizing pXRF to resolve an old Caddo ceramic research question. While XRF has been used in archaeology for more than 60 years, and there have been applications in ceramic studies, a recent review of the 9th Edition of The Archaeology, Bioarchaeology, Ethnohistory, and History of the Caddo Indian Peoples of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas, a comprehensive bibliography, did not yield a single reference to a pXRF study in Caddo ceramics. This article …

Current Research: Preliminary Survey Of The Eastern Half Of The Boxed Spring Site (41ur30), Cambria Haley, Crystal A. Dozier

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Boxed Springs site (41UR30) is an Early Caddo site located in East Texas near the Sabine River. This site covers roughly 15.6 acres and contained at least four mounds, middens, and an extended cemetery. The site's location has been known since the late 1950s, with a series of unconnected avocational and professional archaeological investigations as well as unfortunate looting. As one of the few Early Caddo sites in Texas that contain multiple mounds, the Boxed Springs site is poised to provide great insight into Early Caddo mound construction technologies, settlement patterns, subsistence strategies, and trade and exchange.

2019 Activities Report, Michael Meeks

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

2019 was an eventful year for our small organization, and for the Caddo Tribe as well. We enjoyed gathering for many events and functions throughout the previous twelve months, but none were more memorable than our trip to the Caddo Mounds State Historic Site near Alto, TX, as many might already know. I want to take this opportunity to thank everyone for their continued support of the Caddo Nation and its members, myself included. Your thoughts, prayers, and support have been heard and received by many and for that I am forever grateful. I offer a special thank you to …

The Ancestral Caddo Ceramic Vessel Sherd And Ceramic Pipe Sherd Assemblage From The A. C. Saunders Site (41an19) In The Upper Neches River Basin, Anderson County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The A. C. Saunders site (41AN19) is an important ancestral Caddo settlement in the upper Neches River basin in Anderson County in East Texas. The site is one of only a few ancestral Caddo sites with mound features in the upper Neches River basin, particularly those that are known to date after ca. A.D. 1400, but this part of the upper Neches River basin, including its many tributaries, such as Caddo Creek just to the south and west, was widely settled by Caddo farmers after that time. These Caddo groups left behind evidence of year-round occupied settlements with house structures, …

A Preliminary Comparison Of Two Caddo Mound Sites In Southwest Arkansas, Mary Beth D. Trubitt

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Previous Arkansas Archeological Survey excavations at the Hedges site in the Ouachita River valley and the Hughes site in the Saline River valley uncovered evidence of burned structures adjacent to the mounds. An overview of the artifact analyses indicates that the sites were roughly contemporaneous, with intensive use by ancestral Caddo Indians during the Late Caddo period, between the AD 1400s and 1600s. This presentation summarizes the research .ftndings to emphasize comparisons in timing, activities, and community plans.

Current Research: Building A Corpus Of Crockett Curvilinear Incised Vessels, Duncan P. Mckinnon

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

As presented in an earlier report (McKinnon 2018), I have been compiling, with the help of several Caddo researchers, a comprehensive multi-state database of Caddo vessels (now close to 15,000). The on-going goal is to evaluate landscape scale social interactions and interregional relationships using this growing ceramic database. Some initial explorations have been productive in evaluating relationships between proposed Caddo communities (archaeological phases) and I suggest that these exercises have offered insights into Caddo interaction, identity, and ideological exchange in a visual and (continually) comprehensive way (McKinnon 2011, 2016).

Current Research: Archiving Our History, Publishing Results: Current Research At The Arkansas Archeological Survey's Henderson State University Research Station, Mary Beth D. Trubitt

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

At the Arkansas Archeological Survey's Henderson State University (HSU) Research Station, we continue to inventory curated artifact collections. The research station has been on the HSU campus in Arkadelphia since 1967, and our collections include artifacts, photographs, maps, and field and lab records from projects as well as artifact donations from local residents. Field notes and lab forms have been scanned and archived on the server, and we are in the process of scanning the station's collection of 14,000 color slides. Assisted by volunteers, we have been inventorying artifacts, updating station databases, and submitting site revisit forms to the Registrar's …

In Between Two Worlds: Past Perspectives On The Neosho Phase (A.D. 1400-1650), Paige Ford

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Neosho phase (A.D. 1400-1650) in northeastern Oklahoma, northwestern Arkansas, southwestern Missouri, and southeastern Kansas represents Late Pre-contact peoples engaged in widespread trade from the Plains to groups in the southeastern United States. The phase has confounded researchers since its de.ftnition, although debates mainly concern one of two main questions concerning the identity of Neosho peoples: origins and cultural af.ftliation. Most research to date has focused simply on the question of emergence. Early in these debates, Orr (1946) suggested that Neosho peoples represented one or more plains-oriented groups that had migrated into the area, while Wyckoff (1980) and others later …

Current Research: Discovery And Recovery Of A 14th Century Dugout Canoe On The Red River, Caddo Parish, Louisiana, Jeffrey S. Girard, Charles R. Mcgimsey

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In June 2017, Jenna Bradley and Robert Cornett were boating down the Red River in northern Caddo Parish, Louisiana, when they noticed an unusual log protruding from a sandy bank near the town of Belcher. After realizing that it was a dugout canoe, they contacted the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, and eventually word of the find was transmitted to state archaeologist Chip McGimsey at the Louisiana Division of Archaeology. The following day, Bradley and Cornett led Jeffrey Girard and Jameel Damlouji of the Louisiana Archaeological Society to the site. It was obvious that it was a dugout canoe …

An Ancestral Caddo Site (41cs125) On The Sulphur River At Lake Wright Patman, Cass County, Texas, Julian A. Sitters, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

ln December 2017, AmaTerra Environmental lnc. conducted an intensive archeological survey of 41CS125, a previously reported ancestral Caddo site at Lake Wright Patman in Cass County, Texas. The work was done at the request of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District in advance of a proposed bank stabilization pro}ect. The site was occupied from the Late Paleoindian period through historic times with extensive occupations during the Formative to Early Caddo and Late Caddo periods. Artifacts recovered in the investigations included both arrow and dart points, lithic debitage, bifaces, ground stone, a celt fragment, pitted stone, ceramic …

Current Research: Renewing Research On Holman Springs (3sv29), A Caddo Saltworks In Western Arkansas, Carl G. Drexler, Fiona M. Taylor

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Holman Springs site (3SV29) lies in western Sevier County, Arkansas, near the Oklahoma border. It is, along with Bayou Sel (3CL27), one of two major excavations of Caddo saltworks that has not been substantially reported. Excavated between 1984 and 1986 by the Arkansas Archeological Society during their annual Training Program digs, the collections remain at the Arkansas Archeological Survey's research station (ARAS) at Southern Arkansas University (SAU) in Magnolia.

The collections lay dormant for many years. Then, in 2015, the station staff revived the project and started moving it towards completion. This is a daunting challenge, given the massive …

Current Research: Spiro And Caddoan Connections On The Northern Frontier Of Southwest Missouri, Jack H. Ray

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Excavations during the construction of Table Rock Lake in the late 1950s resulted in a proposition that there was a colonization of peoples into the upper White River drainage from Caddoan areas to the southwest (Chapman 1980; Chapman et al. 1960). This colonization, which resulted in the formulation of the Loftin phase, is widely accepted today (O'Brien and Wood 1998; Perttula 1983, 1989; Sabo and Early 1990). Later, James Brown (1984) exposed the myth that the southwestern Ozarks was a cultural enclave that lagged behind Mississippian developments in other parts of the Trans-Mississippi South.

Current Research: Analysis Of Ceramic Vessel Residues From The Washington Square Mound Site (41na49) For Evidence Of Peyote Use By The Caddo In The 13th-15th Centuries A.D., Timothy K. Perttula, Martin Terry

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In 2012, Perttula requested permission from to the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma's Repatriation Committee to analyze small samples (ca. 1-2 grams of ceramic paste, or sherds ca. 1-2 square centimeters in size) from the paste of five vessels from Features 31 and 95 at the Washington Square Mound site (41NA49) (Perttula et al. 2010) in East Texas to identify residue traces of the Caddo's use of peyote in the 13th-15th centuries A.D. The Caddo Nation of Oklahoma gave their permission to conduct these ceramic vessel residue studies.

Report: Abstracts From The 2018 Caddo Conference In Idabel, Oklahoma, Amanda L. Regnier

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The 2018 Caddo Conference was held March 8-10, 2018 at the Museum of the Red River in Idabel, Oklahoma. Fifty attendees registered for the conference. The conference began with a reception at the museum on Thursday evening. On Friday, the program included eight papers and presentations covering archaeological work in Texas and Oklahoma and a longer presentation on the rebuilding of the Caddo house at Caddo Mounds State Park in Texas. A poster session was also held on Friday afternoon. Conference attendees were given a tour of the collections housed at the museum, which include a large collection of Caddo …