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Results Of Archeological Monitoring Of Spur 3, Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas 2000-2007, Barbara M. Meissner, Steve A. Tomka, Jennifer A. Thompson, Raymond P. Mauldin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report is the second volume in a two volume set (see Jackson et al. 2004) detailing the archeological work conducted at site 41NU2 over several years. This volume focuses on the results of construction monitoring associated with road improvements to Spur 3, in Corpus Christi. The work was conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee Permit Number 2445, originally issued to Dr. Robert Hard, who served as the Principal Investigator during the early phases of the project. In 2001, the permit was transferred to Dr. Raymond P. Mauldin, who served as the Principal Investigator the remainder of the project.

Caddo Pottery Vessels And Pipes From Sites In The Middle And Upper Sabine And Upper Neches River Basins, Smith And Wood Counties, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mark Walters, Shawn Marceaux, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report documents two collections of Caddo ceramic vessels and pipes from sites of prehistoric to early historic age in Smith and Wood counties, Texas, in the upper Sabine and upper Neches river basins in East Texas. Most of these Caddo artifacts are from the J. A. Walters collection, with the remainder being from the Bernie Ward collection.

Prehistoric Artifact Assemblages From Sites Along Hickory Creek In The Davy Crockett National Forest, Houston County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The National Forests and Grasslands (U.S.D.A. Forest Service) in Texas (NFGT) conducted Passports in Time (PIT) projects in 2006 and 2007 on Hickory Creek in the Davy Crockett National Forest, Houston County, Texas. The work—varying in extent—took place at four prehistoric archeological sites: 41HO13, HC-1, Hickory Creek #2 (HC-2), and HC-3, with the majority of the work occurring at HC-2.

We learned of the PIT projects at the sites in April 2007, when John Ippolitto, then Heritage Program Manager for the NFGT, mentioned the project to Perttula at the Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology held in Austin, …

Prehistoric Caddo Ceramics From The Henry Lake Site (41ce324), Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article discusses the character of the Caddo ceramics from a single component Frankston phase (ca. A.D. 1400-1650) occupation at the Henry Lake site (41CE324) in northwestern Cherokee County, Texas. This follows a brief discussion of the history of the site, and we conclude this article with a consideration of the temporal and cultural place of the site's Caddo ceramic assemblage within the upper Neches River basin.

Prehistoric Ceramics From The Browning Site (41sm195a), Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeological work at the Browning site (4JSM195A) in eastern Smith County, Texas, has shown that it is a stratified site with two very distinct occupations: an early nineteenth century assemblage of artifacts in the upper zone overlying a buried prehistoric occupation. This occupation appears to be confined to the Woodland time period (ca. 500 B.C. to A.D. 800) with little evidence of any earlier or later prehistoric activity. The Woodland period in East Texas is a time of important cultural changes, "the most obvious (and most important?) of which is pottery-making and the bow and arrow."

The main focus of …

The Ceramics From A Late Caddo Site On Mud Creek In Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article discusses the character of a large assemblage of prehistoric Caddo vessel sherds from a Late Caddo site (41CE309) on Mud Creek in Cherokee County, Texas, not far from the creek's confluence with the Angelina River. The site was discovered by Bill Young, an avocational archaeologist and Texas Archeological Steward, on a terrace of Mud Creek, just west of the city of Reklaw, Texas.

During the course of a number of visits to the site in the 1980s, more than 2300 ceramic sherds were collected by Young, most of the sherds being found in the central part of the …

History Of The East Texas Caddoan/Caddo Research Group, 1996-2008, Timothy K. Perttula, Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Recently, the senior author of this article has been working with Hester Davis (Arkansas Archeological Survey) regarding the editing of her manuscript on the history of the Caddo Conference, which had its 50th meeting in March 2008. In her manuscript she laments the fact that there is very little time being spent by its participants in keeping track of its history: either in the form of transcripts of the meetings, notes on each conference, saving photographs and images, or actively maintaining an archive of materials resulting from each Conference. Davis pointed out that it was important to maintain a record …

Frankston Phase Ceramics From The Alcoa #1 (41an87) Site, Mound Prairie Creek, Anderson County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In 1990, Amick investigated a well-preserved Late Caddo Frankston phase midden deposit at the ALCOA #1 (41AN87) site on Mound Prairie Creek, about 7 km northeast of Palestine, Texas. During the course of that work, more than 900 Caddo ceramic vessel sherds and a few pipe sherds were recovered, but they were only cursorily described by Amick. That was unfortunate at the time because it appeared then, and is still evident now, that the ALCOA #I site was a single component 15th century A.D. Frankston phase settlement, and detailed study of the recovered ceramic assemblage would have provided unique insights …

Caddo Ceramics From An Early 18th Century Spanish Mission In East Texas: Mission San Jose De Los Nasonis (41rk200), Timothy K. Perttula, Bill Young, P. Shawn Marceaux

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Mission San Jose de los Nasonis (4JRK200) and two contemporaneous Nasoni Caddo sites (41RK191 and 41RK197) were located by Mr. Bill Young more than 25 years ago in the southern part of Rusk County, Texas after the general area of the site had been cleared of timber. The mission site covers ca. 6.6 acres of an upland ridge along a small tributary to the Angelina River; the ridge projects into the Angelina River floodplain. The topographic setting of Mission San Jose conforms in all particulars to the settings of other known mission sites established among the Caddo: small hills adjacent …

Late Caddo Ceramics From 41he337 In Henderson County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Site 41HE337 is a Late Caddo settlement located on the north side of Caddo Creek, an eastward-flowing tributary to the Neches River, and just west of the city of Poynor, in Henderson County, Texas. Bill Young, an avocational archaeologist living in Corsicana, Texas, has a substantial collection of Caddo ceramic vessel sherds from the site. He gave his permission to study and document these materials as part of a broader study I am engaged in of post-A.D. 1300 Caddo ceramic traditions in the upper Neches River basin of East Texas.

Caddo Sherds From The Hudnall-Pirtle Site (41rk4) In The Buddy Jones Collection At The Gregg County Historical Museum, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Buddy Calvin Jones, a resident of Longview, Texas, conducted excavations in 1958 and 1959 of an unknown extent at the Hudnall-Pirtle site (41RK4), a well-known and significant Early Caddo (ca. A.D. 900-1200) multiple mound center on a Sabine River alluvial terrace in Rusk County, Texas. The site is now owned by The Archaeological Conservancy as a Caddo archaeological preserve. Caddo sherds from the site are in the Jones collection curated at the Gregg County Historical Museum, and recently I had an opportunity to examine this collection. This paper puts the findings of that examination on record.

Towards The Concerted Study Of Caddo Origins, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The study of the origins of any people from an archaeological perspective is a considerable undertaking, one that may task the efforts and thoughts of a multitude of people, probably from several disciplines. After the talking and discussion in the 2008 East Texas Caddo Research Group (ETCRG) meeting about Caddo origins, how do we proceed from here on out to arrive at a more comprehensive understanding of Caddo origins? For the purposes of discussion, I am assuming that the ETCRG participants agree that the concerted study of Caddo origins is an issue and research problem worth undertaking.

I recently had …

A 19th Century Caddo Component At The Gatlin Site (41rk1) In The Angelina River Basin Of East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Gatlin site (41RK1) is located ca. 1 mile to the southeast of the small community of Mount Enterprise in Rusk County in the headwaters of the Angelina River basin in the East Texas Pineywoods. The site was first investigated by the landowner in about 1895 (Records on file at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory [TARL], The University of Texas at Austin). At that time, the landowner exposed a single burial with preserved skeletal remains and two extra skulls in the burial pit; each of the skulls supposedly had a hole (bullet hole?) on one side of the head. Among …

Issues Regarding The Early Development Of Caddo Culture Discussion Topics For The East Texas Caddo Research Group, December 2008, Jeffery S. Girard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Is there a consensus regarding which archaeological traits are diagnostic of Caddo culture? What are the necessary and sufficient traits for designating a context as “Caddo” as opposed to, for example, “pre-Caddo” or “Coles Creek?”

Caddo Origins, A Smith County Perspective, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Attempting to trace Caddo Origins in Smith County and surrounding counties depends a lot on what we end up defining as Caddo. Separating the Caddo culture from previous cultures in East Texas becomes tedious when trying to fit the available archaeological record to existing models of Woodland cultures. Krieger stated that there was no evidence in East Texas of a Woodland (or Hopewellian) culture, with Mississippian culture beginning as early as 500 B.C. I mention this partly for the sake of argument, but also to point out that in this area there is not such a clearcut difference between the …

Ceramic Vessel Sherds From The Kah-Hah-Ko-Wha Site (41ce354), An Allen Phase Component In Northwestern Cherokee County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Kah-hah-ko-wha site (41CE354) is an Historic Caddo Allen phase (ca. A.D. 1650-1800) habitation site situated in an upland saddle landform in the Flat Creek valley in the upper Neches River basin of East Texas. Flat Creek flows west a few kilometers to its confluence with the Neches River, not far downstream of Lake Palestine. The site was found and investigated as part of survey and test excavation investigations for a proposed U.S. Army Corps of Engineers-permitted lake on Flat Creek in northwestem Cherokee County.

During those 2006 investigations, a large assemblage of Allen phase Caddo ceramics were recovered from …

Comments On Caddo Origins In Northwest Louisiana, Jeffery S. Girard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper presents some of my thoughts on the issue of Caddo origins from the perspective of the Red River drainage in northwest Louisiana. These ideas were assembled prior to the Caddo discussion group meeting held in December 2008 and have been only slightly modified here. The paper was not given as a formal presentation, but I attempted to introduce the main points during the group discussion.

Development of better chronological controls is crucial for addressing problems of Caddo origins, and I discuss this issue first. Although much has been settled since the early Krieger-Ford discussions, a finer-grained chronology is …

Lake Naconiche Archaeology And Caddo Origins Issues, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Sometime around ca. A.D. 800, Lake Naconiche sites were no longer occupied by Woodland period groups of the Mossy Grove culture solely making sandy paste pottery or living as mobile hunting-gathering foragers. At this time, from ca. A.D. 750-800 to around A.D. 900, colder and drier conditions began to dominate the local weather. After ca. A.D. 800, were the aboriginal groups Caddo peoples or acculturated Mossy Grove folks? Some findings from the Lake Naconiche archaeological investigations at the Boyette site (41NA285) are relevant to this issue of ethnic affiliations and local, but nevertheless regional momentous, cultural changes.

Putting that in …

Ceramic Comparisons Between Certain Historic Caddo Sites In Nacogdoches County, Texas: Henry M. (41na60), Spradley (41na206), And Deshazo (41na27), Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Henry M., Deshazo, and Spradley sites are three of the better and recently studied Historic Caddo ceramic assemblages in East Texas. All three are in Nacogdoches County, Henry M. and Deshazo on Bayou Loco, and Spradley on Lanana Creek.

How do these sites compare with respect to the decorative classes present in the utility wares and fine wares? All three sites are dominated by brushed utility wares. At Spradley, brushed pottery comprises 53.4% of the decorated sherds compared to 72.7-85.6% of the decorated sherds from Henry M. and Deshazo. Incised, punctated, and incised-punctated decorative classes, however, are also abundant …

The Archaeology Of The 16th And 17th Century Caddo In The Post Oak Savannah Of Northeast Texas: The Tuinier Farm (41hp237), R. A. Watkins (41hp238), And Anglin (41hp240) Sites In The Stoots Creek Basin, Hopkins County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Elsbeth Dowd, Lee Green, George Morgan, Bo Nelson, Leeanna Schniebs, Beau Schriever, Jesse Todd, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Tuinier Farm (41HP237), R. A. Watkins (41HP238), and Anglin (41HP240) sites are 16th to 17th century Caddo sites in the modern-day Post Oak Savannah of Northeast Texas. All three of the sites are located on Stouts Creek, in the eastern part of Hopkins County, Texas, a northward-flowing tributary to White Oak Creek in the Sulphur River basin; the modern channel of White Oak Creek lies ca. 15 km north of these sites. The Culpepper site (41HP1), a previously investigated mid-to late 17th century Caddo habitation and cemetery site, is about 2 km downstream. Small areas of tall-grass prairie lie …

Archaeological Investigations In The Courtyard Of Mission Nuestra Señora De La Purisima Concepción Acuña (41bx12), Antonia L. Figueroa, Steve A. Tomka

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeological investigations took place in the courtyard of Mission Concepción between 2002 and 2005 in order to identify remnant architectural remains of Spanish Colonial structures prior to the installation of a drainage system. Archaeological investigations were performed under the auspices of two field schools held by the Department of Anthropology’s Center for Archaeological Research of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). The Center’s Legacy Public Outreach Program also held a field school as part of these investigations. Archival documents indicate that the granary and another structure, possibly the community storeroom or corridor, occupied the courtyard. Investigations in the …

The Walnut Branch Hike And Bike Trail Pedestrian Survey, Guadalupe County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa, Kristi M. Ulrich, Eric R. Oksanen

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an intensive pedestrian survey along Walnut Branch in Seguin, Guadalupe County, Texas during the first half of 2008 and in June of 2009.This investigation was associated with the Walnut Branch Hike and Bike Trail project that involves the City of Seguin and Jacobs. The project aims to revitalize a portion of Walnut Branch for community betterment, tourism and the stimulation of commercial development. There are several historical structures in the environs of the creek, including the Sebastopol State Historical Structure. The archaeological investigations associated with this …

Archaeological Testing Of 41bx1788 On The Salado Creek Greenway Near Voelcker Ranch, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Leonard Kemp

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In September of 2008, The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted eligibility testing of a previously unknown archaeological site adjacent to the Salado Creek Greenway near the Voelcker Ranch, located in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. 41BX1788 was found by a local resident after the construction of piers for a pedestrian bridge associated with the Salado Creek Greenway. The primary purpose of testing was to determine if any intact cultural deposits or features remained that would be impacted by further bridge construction. CAR excavated a 1 x 1-meter test unit and …

The Cayo Del Oso Site (41nu2) Volume Ii Results Of Archeological Monitoring Of Spur 3, Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas 2000-2007, Barbara M. Meissner, Steve A. Tomka, Jennifer A. Thompson, Raymond P. Mauldin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report is the second volume in a two volume set (see Jackson et al. 2004) detailing the archeological work conducted at site 41NU2 over several years. This volume focuses on the results of construction monitoring associated with road improvements to Spur 3, in Corpus Christi. The work was conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee Permit Number 2445, originally issued to Dr. Robert Hard, who served as the Principal Investigator during the early phases of the project. In 2001, the permit was transferred to Dr. Raymond P. Mauldin, who served as the Principal Investigator the remainder of the project. i

Archaeological Survey Of The Proposed Road Improvements At The Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park, Johnson City, Gillespie County, Texas, Kristi M. Ulrich

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In September of 2009, CAR was contracted by the National Park Service Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park to conduct a pedestrian survey along the routes of the proposed improvements to two park roads: Bailey Road and Davis Road. Thirty shovel tests were excavated during the linear survey. Of these 30 shovel tests, seven produced cultural material. The material encountered consisted of lithic flakes and metal fragments. One multi-component site was designated during the course of the project. Site 41GL411 produced a few flakes, rusted unidentifiable metal fragments, a fencing staple and slag. CAR recommends that the site’s mixed deposits …

Archaeological Survey Of The Paloma Subdivision, Bexar County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an archaeological survey for the Paloma Subdivision in Bexar County, Texas. The project area is located in east Bexar County and consisted of approximately 328 acres. During the survey, 85 shovel tests were excavated and sites 41BX1792, 41BX1793, 41BX1794, and 41BX1795 were identified and recorded. Two of the sites possessed prehistoric components (41BX1792 and 41BX1793). A temporal affiliation was not discernable for 41BX1793 but one diagnostic (stem of an Edwards projectile point) was recovered from 41BX1792 dating the site to the Late Prehistoric. 41BX1794 and 41BX1795 …

National Register Of Historic Places Eligibility Testing Of 41bx1764 (The Dos Mujeres Site), Bexar County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility testing at site 41BX1764. The archaeological testing associated with the Salado Creek Greenway project located in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas was completed to fulfill contract requirements with Adams Environmental, Inc. of San Antonio. The survey was conducted under the requirements of the City of San Antonio Unified Development Code Chapter 35, Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, and the Texas Antiquities Code. The archaeological testing was performed under Texas Antiquities Permit No. …

Archaeological Survey For The Planned First Responders Academy, Bexar County, Texas, Antonia L. Figueroa

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio performed an archaeological survey for the planned First Responder Academy, Bexar County, Texas. The work was conducted for O’Neil Conrad Oppelt Architects, Inc. As a result of the archaeological survey two new sites were recorded. 41BX1789, a historic site, consisted of a historic structure along with household debris. 41BX1790, identified as a prehistoric site, consisted of a light scatter of lithic debitage and burned rock. One of the Medina Lake irrigation canals runs along the perimeter of the project area and many areas are inundated due to …

Archaeological Monitoring Of The Urban Reach Section Of The San Antonio River Improvement Project:Archaeological Monitoring Of The Urban Reach Section Of The San Antonio River Improvement Project, Kristi M. Ulrich, Barbara A. Meissner, Maria Watson Pfeiffer

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between May of 2007 and February of 2009, archaeologists monitored the removal of soil from the banks of the San Antonio River in preparation for the Riverwalk expansion between the Lexington Avenue Dam to Josephine Street Bridge. The project was part of the Museum “Urban” Reach portion of the San Antonio River Improvements Project. The Center for Archaeological Research at the University of Texas at San Antonio was contracted by Ford, Powell and Carson Architects & Planners, Inc. This work was complete under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 5377, issued by the Texas Historical Commission. Several features were uncovered during the …

Cultural Resource Assessment And Archival Research For The Proposed Galveston-Bolivar Causeway Galveston County, Texas, Amy Borgens, Doug Jones, Dan Hudson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In 2008, following a cultural resources remote-sensing survey for the Proposed Galveston-Bolivar Causeway Project, PBS&J was contracted by the Texas Department of Transportation to perform three studies as supplements to the original investigation. These studies comprised a hydraulic probing investigation at the Old Port Bolivar slip in the area of a charted historic shipwreck; a review of historic maps and aerial photography of the Area of Potential Effect (APE); and an assessment of a collection of abandoned hulks at the northwestern tip of Bolivar Peninsula. All three studies were completed between June and August 2008.

The hydraulic probing investigation at …