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Full-Text Articles in Landscape Architecture

Promoting Community Identity Through Repurposing Vacant Land: City Park Design In Downtown Arlington, Dasom Phoebe Mun Dec 2023

Promoting Community Identity Through Repurposing Vacant Land: City Park Design In Downtown Arlington, Dasom Phoebe Mun

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

As urbanization progressed rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century, people moved to cities for many reasons, and as a consequence, the volume of green spaces in the cities was reduced. Lands have been developed or redeveloped as urbanization developed. In this process, leftover spaces and vacant lands have been created. Urban vacant lands could be a problem for many cities. They might have aesthetic issues such as disordered or cluttered appearances, safety issues due to lack of maintenance, economic issues for it being wasted and so on (Kim et al., 2023). However, vacant lands in urban areas have become suitable assets …


Cultivating Charismatic Landscapes: Designing For Preservation And Resilience Of Texas’S Natural Swimming Holes, Jessie Hitchcock May 2023

Cultivating Charismatic Landscapes: Designing For Preservation And Resilience Of Texas’S Natural Swimming Holes, Jessie Hitchcock

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

The swimming hole landscape provides a unique, immersive interface between humans and the natural world within a riparian corridor. Distinct characteristics of local watersheds and regional ecological systems result in an expression of the natural environment specific to each Texas swimming hole. These environmental components, along with human culture and settlement patterns, are all interrelated, underscoring the importance of health and harmony within and between each one. Overuse, urban expansion, watershed management, and climatic factors have negatively impacted the environmental quality and user experience of these landscapes. The purpose of this study is to better understand the cultural and environmental …


Designing Transit-Oriented District Station Areas For Pedestrian Activity: Learning From Dallas, Tx, Oren Mandelbaum May 2023

Designing Transit-Oriented District Station Areas For Pedestrian Activity: Learning From Dallas, Tx, Oren Mandelbaum

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and Transit-Oriented Districts (TODt) are planning and development strategies that look to leverage close access to public transit to create places or districts that are dense, walkable and diverse (NCTCOG, 2021; Stojanovski. 2019; Ozdil et.al., 2012). While TOD and TODt are becoming more prevalent within Dallas, TX, and around the United States, (DART, 2019), there is limited literature as to how landscape architecture and urban design can be utilized to reach the goals set out by TOD, and especially TODt (Ozdil et.al., 2012). In addition, while station areas have the potential to act as the hubs of …


Enhancing The Entry Experience At Phap Quang Temple, Grand Prairie, Tx, Violet Lam May 2023

Enhancing The Entry Experience At Phap Quang Temple, Grand Prairie, Tx, Violet Lam

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

This design thesis explores the design principles of traditional Chinese Buddhist temple gardens and their significance in creating successful entry sequences. The study focuses on Vietnamese Buddhist temples in a suburban context in North Texas and investigates the role of design elements such as architecture, water features, planting design, and rocks in creating a spiritually enriching and culturally significant environment. The research method includes a literature review, comparison analysis, site inventory, user survey, interview with a member of the board of advisors, design testing, and design proposal. The proposed design aims to enhance the accessibility, wayfinding, and sense of place …


Designing Cemeteries For Personal Expressions In The San Francisco Bay Area, Jodwin Surio Aug 2022

Designing Cemeteries For Personal Expressions In The San Francisco Bay Area, Jodwin Surio

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

Our country’s largest cities have become more racially and ethnically diverse than they were in 2010 (US News, 2020). Differences are present and yet, our cemeteries, originally catering to a predominantly Caucasian market (Sloane, 1991), remain Eurocentric in design (Jones, 2011). The purpose of this master’s design thesis is to determine the design principles and elements necessary for a cemetery that is transformed by the personal expressions exhibited by visitors after the day of burial. The study focuses specifically on cemeteries in the San Francisco Bay Area. The findings were used to develop a new kind of cemetery typology that …


Designing Neighborhood-Scale Green Infrastructure (Gi) To Improve The Health And Well-Being Of Industry-Adjacent Communities Through Air Pollution Mitigation In Joppa, Texas, Lauren Wardwell May 2022

Designing Neighborhood-Scale Green Infrastructure (Gi) To Improve The Health And Well-Being Of Industry-Adjacent Communities Through Air Pollution Mitigation In Joppa, Texas, Lauren Wardwell

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

Ambient outdoor air pollution kills roughly 4.2 million people every year worldwide and is linked as a contributing factor to diseases such as asthma, cancer, infertility, and neurological disorders. In the United States, minority communities are more likely to live near sources of air pollution, such as highways and industrial sites, and therefore face higher risks of developing the associated health difficulties. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), people of color (POC) are exposed to disproportionately higher levels of ambient fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution, regardless of income levels or region. While the EPA monitors and enforces outdoor …


Cultural Landscapes, Historic Preservation, And Cattle Ranches: A New Protocol For Documenting And Preserving Historic Working Cattle Ranches In Texas. Featuring A Case Study At The Dudley Brothers Ranch In Comanche, Texas Using Tx-Clevr (Texas Cultural Landscape Evaluation For Ranches), Bonnie Blocker May 2021

Cultural Landscapes, Historic Preservation, And Cattle Ranches: A New Protocol For Documenting And Preserving Historic Working Cattle Ranches In Texas. Featuring A Case Study At The Dudley Brothers Ranch In Comanche, Texas Using Tx-Clevr (Texas Cultural Landscape Evaluation For Ranches), Bonnie Blocker

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

The Texas cattle ranch is a vernacular landscape of historic significance, threatened by population-driven land use change and unsustainable exurban development (Kjelland, 2007). A vast majority of Texas cattle ranches have not been recognized by any official designation program (THC, 2020), and have no formal recognition as cultural landscapes (Ramirez, 2018). This research explores the cultural landscape of cattle ranching in Texas, a specific landscape typology with very little documented study, in order to promote identification, preservation, and maintenance of these valuable landscapes within the field of landscape architecture. As the standard pathway to designation and documentation of cultural landscapes, …


Treatments Of Contaminants From Hydraulic Fracturing: A Study Of The Attitudes Of Professionals Towards The Use Of Phytoremediation Methods In Tarrant County, Melissa Rubi Lemuz May 2021

Treatments Of Contaminants From Hydraulic Fracturing: A Study Of The Attitudes Of Professionals Towards The Use Of Phytoremediation Methods In Tarrant County, Melissa Rubi Lemuz

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

Hydraulic fracturing poses challenges to the environmental stability of the areas surrounding a hydraulic fracturing site due to exposure to the byproducts of the hydraulic fracturing process. (Rahm, 2011; Perry, Sutton, Guo, Yan, & Yang, 2018; Gómez-Sagasti et al., 2012; Richardson et al., 2015). The use of hydraulic fracturing has increased in the United States, notably in North Texas. As the population of the DFW metroplex increases, oil and natural gas companies have begun to construct hydraulic fracturing sites within neighborhoods in the urban setting (Rahm, 2011). As the number of wells created in the urban setting continues to increase, …


Evaluating Dallas County Landfills For Public Amenity: Repurposing The City Of Grand Prairie Landfill Through Landscape Architecture, Elena E. Naccari May 2021

Evaluating Dallas County Landfills For Public Amenity: Repurposing The City Of Grand Prairie Landfill Through Landscape Architecture, Elena E. Naccari

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

The state of Texas produced more than 36 million tons of waste in 2019. Currently, there are 198 active landfills of varying size and capacity in the entire state. Overall landfill capacity within the state is decreasing over time, while the size of landfills on average is increasing, creating quite the contradiction and clear picture of the average consumer’s increase in waste production (Municipal Solid Waste, 2019). The state of Texas is on an unfortunate path to meet landfill capacity in 53 years (Municipal Solid Waste, 2019). Of the almost 800 landfill sites (active and inactive) in the state of …


Public Art Master Planning For Small Towns: A Study In Pilot Point, Texas, Monty Mcmahen May 2020

Public Art Master Planning For Small Towns: A Study In Pilot Point, Texas, Monty Mcmahen

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

This design thesis explores the development of a public art master plan as a tool for small towns to address issues and opportunities in their communities. This exploration was undertaken through the study and design of a proposed public art master plan for the small town of Pilot Point, Texas. A public art master plan can empower communities to embrace art as a unique and vital resource to help shape and reflect the community’s cultural identity while leveraging the arts for economic development and other benefits that enhance quality of life (Markusen & Gadwa, 2010). While public art master plans …


Responding To The Emotional Needs Of Resettled Refugees In The Context Of Community Gardens, Ann T. Mai May 2019

Responding To The Emotional Needs Of Resettled Refugees In The Context Of Community Gardens, Ann T. Mai

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

Refugee populations suffer from the effects of post traumatic stress disorder (Shannon, et al., 2014), and members struggle with feelings of helplessness, displacement and marginalization. Research indicates that healing landscapes can address the needs of those suffering from trauma and mental disorders, particularly war veterans and children. This research applies to the emotional needs of refugees settling in new countries (Murray, et al., 2010). For the displaced, creating meaning in their new environment is an essential part of the adjustment process (Brabec, 2018). This thesis draws upon documented research about how landscape experiences can mitigate the effects of trauma in …


Responding To The Emotional Needs Of Resettled Refugees In The Context Of Community Gardens, Mai Ann T May 2019

Responding To The Emotional Needs Of Resettled Refugees In The Context Of Community Gardens, Mai Ann T

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

Refugee populations suffer from the effects of post traumatic stress disorder (Shannon, et al., 2014), and members struggle with feelings of helplessness, displacement and marginalization. Research indicates that healing landscapes can address the needs of those suffering from trauma and mental disorders, particularly war veterans and children. This research applies to the emotional needs of refugees settling in new countries (Murray, et al., 2010). For the displaced, creating meaning in their new environment is an essential part of the adjustment process (Brabec, 2018). This thesis draws upon documented research about how landscape experiences can mitigate the effects of trauma in …


Environmental Emergency Calls In Dallas, Texas: Applying The Brace Model To Assess The Effects Of Microclimates On Urban Design & Human Heat Stress, Crystal Marie Kazakos May 2019

Environmental Emergency Calls In Dallas, Texas: Applying The Brace Model To Assess The Effects Of Microclimates On Urban Design & Human Heat Stress, Crystal Marie Kazakos

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

The objective of the study is to investigate how the practice of landscape architecture can help mitigate the effects of climate change and the urban heat island effect on vulnerable block groups in Dallas, Texas by using a model framework, to assess, project, analyze, develop, and evaluate microclimates in these urban areas. This study investigated how the physical morphology of urban areas affect the frequency of heat-related environmental emergency calls by applying the Center for Disease Control’s (CDC) Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) framework. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used to identify warm trends in Dallas block groups in …


Environmental Emergency Calls In Dallas, Texas: Applying The Brace Model To Assess The Effects Of Microclimates On Urban Design & Human Heat Stress, Kazakos Crystal Marie May 2019

Environmental Emergency Calls In Dallas, Texas: Applying The Brace Model To Assess The Effects Of Microclimates On Urban Design & Human Heat Stress, Kazakos Crystal Marie

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

The objective of the study is to investigate how the practice of landscape architecture can help mitigate the effects of climate change and the urban heat island effect on vulnerable block groups in Dallas, Texas by using a model framework, to assess, project, analyze, develop, and evaluate microclimates in these urban areas. This study investigated how the physical morphology of urban areas affect the frequency of heat-related environmental emergency calls by applying the Center for Disease Control’s (CDC) Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) framework. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used to identify warm trends in Dallas block groups in …


Landscape Architecture In Archaeological Open-Air Museum (Aoam) Design: A Framework For Archaeological Heritage Conservation, Reza Paziresh Jan 2019

Landscape Architecture In Archaeological Open-Air Museum (Aoam) Design: A Framework For Archaeological Heritage Conservation, Reza Paziresh

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

Open-air museums provide an opportunity for landscape architects to engage with historical and cultural landscapes and collaborate with museums, archaeologists, and historians to create educational resources for the general public. While many open-air museums are comprised of archaeological sites made available for public and educational visits, not all AOAMs are designed to provide a meaningful and well-managed way of accessing the site as a cultural landscape. Landscape architecture is a link between people and place, a nexus between art and nature, and, even more, between art, nature, and technology (Rogers, 2001). The design of open-air museums focuses on interpreting historical …


Landscape Architecture In Archaeological Open-Air Museum (Aoam) Design: A Framework For Archaeological Heritage Conservation, Reza Paziresh Jan 2019

Landscape Architecture In Archaeological Open-Air Museum (Aoam) Design: A Framework For Archaeological Heritage Conservation, Reza Paziresh

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

Open-air museums provide an opportunity for landscape architects to engage with historical and cultural landscapes and collaborate with museums, archaeologists, and historians to create educational resources for the general public. While many open-air museums are comprised of archaeological sites made available for public and educational visits, not all AOAMs are designed to provide a meaningful and well-managed way of accessing the site as a cultural landscape. Landscape architecture is a link between people and place, a nexus between art and nature, and, even more, between art, nature, and technology (Rogers, 2001). The design of open-air museums focuses on interpreting historical …


Dimensions Of Dissent: The Urban Landscapes Of The 2017 Women’S March In The United States, Camille L. Wildburger Jan 2019

Dimensions Of Dissent: The Urban Landscapes Of The 2017 Women’S March In The United States, Camille L. Wildburger

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

In considering the design of protest events, one might assume a certain set of conditions, for example the focus of civic monuments and buildings within an appropriated public civic space. However, are these conditions constant and required throughout all protest events? This research examines the destinations and routes taken by participants in the 2017 Women’s March to better understand the role landscape architecture and urban design play in supporting and advocating for the ideals of public democracy during times of civil unrest. To quote the recently renewed Landscape Declaration, “Landscape architects bring different and often competing interests together so as …


Dimensions Of Dissent: The Urban Landscapes Of The 2017 Women’S March In The United States, Camille L. Wildburger Jan 2019

Dimensions Of Dissent: The Urban Landscapes Of The 2017 Women’S March In The United States, Camille L. Wildburger

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

In considering the design of protest events, one might assume a certain set of conditions, for example the focus of civic monuments and buildings within an appropriated public civic space. However, are these conditions constant and required throughout all protest events? This research examines the destinations and routes taken by participants in the 2017 Women’s March to better understand the role landscape architecture and urban design play in supporting and advocating for the ideals of public democracy during times of civil unrest. To quote the recently renewed Landscape Declaration, “Landscape architects bring different and often competing interests together so as …


The Economics Of Landscapes: Why Invest In Landscape Architecture In Mixed-Use Developments/Centers In Texas, Ann Bridget Podeszwa Dec 2018

The Economics Of Landscapes: Why Invest In Landscape Architecture In Mixed-Use Developments/Centers In Texas, Ann Bridget Podeszwa

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

The purpose of this research is to understand the extent to which developers perceive landscape architecture to be a valuable component of mixed-use developments/centers in Texas and how such perceptions add value to their investment strategies. The research focuses on the mixed-use center landscape typology, a growth sector in Texas regional real estate development (VNT, 2014). Since 2000, approximately an 80% Texas population growth occurred in the four major metropolitan areas, Dallas, Houston, Austin and San Antonio (Slijk,.& Saving, 2018) and global trends illustrate that by the year 2050 70% of world population will live in cities (United Nations, 2018). …


The Economics Of Landscapes: Why Invest In Landscape Architecture In Mixed-Use Developments/Centers In Texas, Ann Bridget Podeszwa Dec 2018

The Economics Of Landscapes: Why Invest In Landscape Architecture In Mixed-Use Developments/Centers In Texas, Ann Bridget Podeszwa

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

The purpose of this research is to understand the extent to which developers perceive landscape architecture to be a valuable component of mixed-use developments/centers in Texas and how such perceptions add value to their investment strategies. The research focuses on the mixed-use center landscape typology, a growth sector in Texas regional real estate development (VNT, 2014). Since 2000, approximately an 80% Texas population growth occurred in the four major metropolitan areas, Dallas, Houston, Austin and San Antonio (Slijk,.& Saving, 2018) and global trends illustrate that by the year 2050 70% of world population will live in cities (United Nations, 2018). …


Strategic Landscape Utilization Of Undeveloped Lands Within Dallas Executive Airport Boundary: Airport Stormwater Management, Ali Khoshkar Dec 2018

Strategic Landscape Utilization Of Undeveloped Lands Within Dallas Executive Airport Boundary: Airport Stormwater Management, Ali Khoshkar

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

The purpose of this research is to investigate and propose a sustainable stormwater management improvement for the Dallas Executive Airport future master plan development while carefully considering wildlife preservation and the beautification of the new facility. The literature review draws upon documented research that global aviation growth causes increasing environmental issues. An in-depth review of the history of the airport’s environmental impact shows an increasing concern which ultimately lead to the assigned regulations. The research dives into existing environmental issues caused by air transportation, focusing specifically on stormwater pollutions at small airports and the applicable solutions within the airport boundary …


Strategic Landscape Utilization Of Undeveloped Lands Within Dallas Executive Airport Boundary: Airport Stormwater Management, Ali Khoshkar Dec 2018

Strategic Landscape Utilization Of Undeveloped Lands Within Dallas Executive Airport Boundary: Airport Stormwater Management, Ali Khoshkar

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

The purpose of this research is to investigate and propose a sustainable stormwater management improvement for the Dallas Executive Airport future master plan development while carefully considering wildlife preservation and the beautification of the new facility. The literature review draws upon documented research that global aviation growth causes increasing environmental issues. An in-depth review of the history of the airport’s environmental impact shows an increasing concern which ultimately lead to the assigned regulations. The research dives into existing environmental issues caused by air transportation, focusing specifically on stormwater pollutions at small airports and the applicable solutions within the airport boundary …


Dream And Reality: The Selective Implementation Of The Kessler Plan In Dallas, Plummer Molly A Dec 2017

Dream And Reality: The Selective Implementation Of The Kessler Plan In Dallas, Plummer Molly A

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

This research examines George Kessler’s 1911 A City Plan for Dallas to understand the gaps between the ideals of the City Beautiful era plan and impact on the realized physical design of the city. As inequality rises in our urban centers (insert citation), it is increasingly important for us to understand our social and political environments that shaped the landscapes that physically reinforce that inequity. As stated by Roy Rosenzweig and Elizabeth Blackmar in their history of Central Park, “its meaning as a public institution also has two dimensions: its political character as property and its cultural character as an …


Dream And Reality: The Selective Implementation Of The Kessler Plan In Dallas, Molly A. Plummer Dec 2017

Dream And Reality: The Selective Implementation Of The Kessler Plan In Dallas, Molly A. Plummer

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

This research examines George Kessler’s 1911 A City Plan for Dallas to understand the gaps between the ideals of the City Beautiful era plan and impact on the realized physical design of the city. As inequality rises in our urban centers (insert citation), it is increasingly important for us to understand our social and political environments that shaped the landscapes that physically reinforce that inequity. As stated by Roy Rosenzweig and Elizabeth Blackmar in their history of Central Park, “its meaning as a public institution also has two dimensions: its political character as property and its cultural character as an …


Assessment And Attitudes: Biodiversity In Urban Landscapes Of North Central Texas, Gray Harrison Kerry A. Dec 2017

Assessment And Attitudes: Biodiversity In Urban Landscapes Of North Central Texas, Gray Harrison Kerry A.

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

North Central Texas is expected to undergo increased population growth and density inside and outside of current municipal boundaries. As development increases to meet the needs of the growing population, the landscape is transformed, which results in the loss or homogenization of species (McKinney, 2006; Vitousek, Mooney, Lubchenco, & Melillo, 1997). This study examined how landscape architects can quickly assess biodiversity on a project site before and after construction without specialized knowledge or skills. Three methods were used to collect data for this study: interviews, a DNA assessment of soil fungi, and a rapid biological assessment (BioBlitz). Two groups were …


A Study Of The Adaptation Of Parametric Computer Design Among Landscape Architecture Professionals In Texas, Chad Allen Paulson May 2017

A Study Of The Adaptation Of Parametric Computer Design Among Landscape Architecture Professionals In Texas, Chad Allen Paulson

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

Parametric design utilizes algorithmic-based software to produce computational, generative, responsive, and immersive three-dimensional models for use in landscape architecture, planning, and architecture (Cantrell & Holzman, 2016; Jabi, 2013). Advanced parametric software tools such as Rhinoceros and Grasshopper combine to create a robust system to express a set of customizable parameters that define and clarify the design intent and set of iterative solutions to a design problem (Jabi, 2013). Although parametric design in architecture has been in use for over 15 years, it has not been broadly adopted by the field of landscape architecture. Current professional practices illustrate that software development …


A Study Of The Adaptation Of Parametric Computer Design Among Landscape Architecture Professionals In Texas, Chad Allen Paulson May 2017

A Study Of The Adaptation Of Parametric Computer Design Among Landscape Architecture Professionals In Texas, Chad Allen Paulson

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

Parametric design utilizes algorithmic-based software to produce computational, generative, responsive, and immersive three-dimensional models for use in landscape architecture, planning, and architecture (Cantrell & Holzman, 2016; Jabi, 2013). Advanced parametric software tools such as Rhinoceros and Grasshopper combine to create a robust system to express a set of customizable parameters that define and clarify the design intent and set of iterative solutions to a design problem (Jabi, 2013). Although parametric design in architecture has been in use for over 15 years, it has not been broadly adopted by the field of landscape architecture. Current professional practices illustrate that software development …


Leading By Design: The Landscape Architecture Career Of H. Rowland Jackson, Baishakhi Biswas May 2016

Leading By Design: The Landscape Architecture Career Of H. Rowland Jackson, Baishakhi Biswas

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

The aim of the study is to explore the landscape architecture career of H. Rowland Jackson, a prominent landscape architect practicing in North Texas, to better understand his professional experiences and achievements. This research presents Jackson’s significant contributions to society as a landscape architect. Jackson has been practicing landscape architecture for more than forty years. During this period, the shape and scope of the landscape architecture profession have continuously changed and improved, and Jackson has not only witnessed but also played a role in these eventful changes. The primary goal of this research is to capture these events and experiences …


Community Design Centers (Cdcs) On The Upsurge: Investigating Perceptions Amongst Cdc Leaders And Administrators In Texas, Robert Kevin Rodriguez May 2016

Community Design Centers (Cdcs) On The Upsurge: Investigating Perceptions Amongst Cdc Leaders And Administrators In Texas, Robert Kevin Rodriguez

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

For several decades, community design centers (CDCs) have specialized in professional design and planning assistance to non-profit groups, agencies, and individuals that lack the funding or resources to otherwise receive such services (ACD 2016). Notwithstanding the historical context under which CDCs were originally created, their persistent presence since the year 2000 has seen the number of CDCs nearly triple in North America, from just under 70, to "over 200 active organizations, covering ever-expanding geographic, disciplinary, and strategic territories" (ACSA 2014, 4). Yet, this growth aside, "CDCs remain a somewhat silent partner in the world of design" (Curry 2004, 70) with …


An Assessment Of The Use Hand, Digital And Hybrid Graphics In Contemporary Landscape Architecture Practice, Natalia Chuprakova May 2016

An Assessment Of The Use Hand, Digital And Hybrid Graphics In Contemporary Landscape Architecture Practice, Natalia Chuprakova

Landscape Architecture Masters & Design Theses

Visual representation is a critical component of professional landscape architecture practice. The tools that are used for visual representation production are hand, digital and hybrid graphics. This thesis evaluates the existing representational tools available in professional practice within United States. It takes into consideration factors such as professional position, years of accrued experience in the profession, level of professional degree and type of landscape architecture practice and shows how the various factors noted above influence choices made regarding graphics type preference. Furthermore, this study evaluates the role that given graphics types play in the design process, as well as current …