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1999

University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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Three New Hesperioidae (Hesperiinae) From South Carolina: New Subspecies Of Euphyes Bimacula, Poanes Aaroni, And Hesperia Attalus, Ronald R. Gatrelle Dec 1999

Three New Hesperioidae (Hesperiinae) From South Carolina: New Subspecies Of Euphyes Bimacula, Poanes Aaroni, And Hesperia Attalus, Ronald R. Gatrelle

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

Euphyes bimacula arbogasti is described as a new subspecies from Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States. It is known from only a few widely scattered colonies in the coastal swamp forests of the southeastern United States from Georgia to southeastern North Carolina. It is darker then E. b. bimacula and E. b. illinois. Poanes aaroni minimus is described as a new subspecies from Bull Swamp, Orangeburg County, South Carolina. This unique inland subspecies is presently known only from the type locality. It is darker then P. a. aaroni and P. a. …

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Nanocomposite Copt:C Films For Extremely High-Density Recording, M. Yu, Yi Liu, A. Moser, D. Weller, David J. Sellmyer Dec 1999

Nanocomposite Copt:C Films For Extremely High-Density Recording, M. Yu, Yi Liu, A. Moser, D. Weller, David J. Sellmyer

David Sellmyer Publications

Nanocomposite CoPt:C films were investigated as potential media for extremely high-density recording. An annealing temperature of over 600 °C is necessary to form nanocomposite CoPt:C films consisting of C matrix and fct CoPt nanocrystallites with grain sizes of 8–20 nm and coercivities of 3–12 kOe. Coercivity and grain size increase with increasing annealing temperature and decreasing C concentration and they are insensitive to film thickness. The average activation volumes are about 0.9×10-18 cm3. The properties of these nanocomposite CoPt:C films can be tailored to satisfy the thermal stability, coercivity, and media noise requirements for extremely high-density recording.

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Pricing Corn In 2000, Mike Turner Dec 1999

Pricing Corn In 2000, Mike Turner

Cornhusker Economics

Begin thinking about pricing next year抯 corn crop (2000) as an important New Year抯 Resolution. For the third consecutive year, harvest time prices may be below the cost of production for even the most efficient Nebraska producers. As a result, producers will again be obliged to combine cash receipts from the sale of corn along with government program benefits (i.e., loan deficiency payments, transition payments and potential agricultural emergency program benefits) in an attempt to cover the cost of production.

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A Patching Model For Surface Tension Of Spherical Droplet And Tolman Length. Ii, T.V. Bykov, Xiao Cheng Zeng Dec 1999

A Patching Model For Surface Tension Of Spherical Droplet And Tolman Length. Ii, T.V. Bykov, Xiao Cheng Zeng

Xiao Cheng Zeng Publications

In the framework of density functional theory (DFT), two patching models for the density profile of spherical liquid droplet are developed. The patching is based on analytical expressions of the asymptote of the density profiles. The first model leads to analytic expressions of the Tolman length and the effective rigidity constant, from which the temperature dependence of the Tolman length and effective rigidity constant can be determined. The second model is developed particularly for small spherical droplets, from which the dependence of chemical potential and the surface tension of the droplet on the radius are obtained. The results are compared …

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Blue Ribbon Commission Recommendations Executive Summary – November 1999, Lynn Cornwell Dec 1999

Blue Ribbon Commission Recommendations Executive Summary – November 1999, Lynn Cornwell

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Purpose: The NCBA Board approved and President George Swan appointed the Blue Ribbon Commission to create a stronger NCBA for today and tomorrow by establishing recommendations for:

• Commitment to the producer

• State-national partnership and membership

• Governance and representation

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Beyond 1998: Achieving Buyer Expectations, A Restaurant Perspective, Chet England Dec 1999

Beyond 1998: Achieving Buyer Expectations, A Restaurant Perspective, Chet England

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Content:
NCCR: Who Are We?
The Restaurant Industry Overall
Things About Which Americans Are Afraid
Why Do We Are?
What Are We Doing for Our Part?
We Need to Minimize Pathogen Incidence
CCP's at Quick Service Restaurants
Why Should You Care?
Protecting Your Customers by Managing Food Safety is the Right Thing To Do!
"Toxin" by Robin Cook

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Techniques To Identify Palatable Beef Carcasses: Marc Tenderness Classification, Sdsu Colorimeter And Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry (Nir) Systems, Duane M. Wulf Dec 1999

Techniques To Identify Palatable Beef Carcasses: Marc Tenderness Classification, Sdsu Colorimeter And Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry (Nir) Systems, Duane M. Wulf

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The value of any product is determined by a customer's willingness to pay for that product, which is determined by that customer's wants and needs. The value of beef is therefore ultimately determined according to beef customers' desires. There are three basic beef carcass characteristics that affect value.

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Convenience Beef Products: Trials And Tribulations In Development And Marketing, Jonathan Rocke Dec 1999

Convenience Beef Products: Trials And Tribulations In Development And Marketing, Jonathan Rocke

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The evolution of convenient beef products is not only an exciting phenomenon that is occurring within the beef industry but is an essential strategy and revolution that must take place if beef is to reverse its downward demand curve. It is not a matter of if, but when, not how, but how fast and certainly it is not a matter of telling the consumer how they will like their beef but rather listening as they tell us "How they would like their beef". It has begun and their will be no retreat.

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Complementing A Forage Program With Annual Forages, Ken Remmington Dec 1999

Complementing A Forage Program With Annual Forages, Ken Remmington

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Economists tell us that in a mature industry you must be a low cost producer to survive. The meat industry is ending the century much more mature than it began. Sophisticated production of pork and poultry with the benefit of cheap grain is putting pressure on beef producers. The long-term trend in grain prices is downward because the cost of producing grain is being reduced by three ongoing trends. The continuing enrichment of the atmosphere by CO2 and other greenhouse gases is crop production friendly despite what you may have heard of few years back. Secondly, bio-tech seeds are increasing …

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Managing Forage Resources For Bigger Profits, Kit Pharo Dec 1999

Managing Forage Resources For Bigger Profits, Kit Pharo

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Our ranch is known as Pharo Cattle Company and is located eight miles north of Cheyenne Wells, which is on the central high plains of Eastern Colorado. This is short-grass country with very limited and unpredictable rainfall. We have a commercial cow herd, as well as a registered cow herd. Our seedstock program consists of Red Angus, Black Angus, Tarentaise, and Composites. Our Composite cattle are 50% Tarentaise, 30% Red or Black Angus and 20% Hereford.

Since our ranch provides our only source of income, our ranching practices must be both sustainable and profitable. Recently I've heard a lot of …

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Ranching With Regulations, Ron Micheli Dec 1999

Ranching With Regulations, Ron Micheli

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Unfortunately, in today's world, ranchers are feeling the frustration portrayed in the above story. On a daily basis, the agriculture community is being over run by zealots from the federal government who are enforcing such things as the Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, the National Environmental Protection Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, and on, and on, and on. More and more time and expense are being required to deal with these issues, all the while, fears of being able to make management decisions on the ranch are being threatened.

This seems to be particularly true of …

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Fence Posts Talking To Each Other, Ronald J. Hanson Dec 1999

Fence Posts Talking To Each Other, Ronald J. Hanson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Sometimes rather simple misunderstandings as well as the stress of daily life can quite easily damage the personal relationships between family members. Too often the inability to openly share personal feelings and the failure to discuss expectations can ruin any family relationship. This is most often caused by an actual breakdown in communications between family members, especially during periods of stress (i.e. whether financial, work or even personal) when individuals withdraw or hide their emotions from each other. Juggling the current demands of ranch work, family and personal needs can become quite a challenge to anyone. Persons get so wrapped …

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Going Home To The Family Ranch, Sara F. Hebbert Dec 1999

Going Home To The Family Ranch, Sara F. Hebbert

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Going home to the family ranch is a multi-faceted decision to be made following careful analysis of the whole picture. It is important to identify all the players, choose the right timing, define individual roles, and measure what is most valuable. Combined with these factors is the need to establish partnerships with unlikely partners. The plague of urban sprawl threatening every ag enterprise in the nation makes it continually important that we in the beef industry establish a positive relationship with those not associated with ag. The information that follows is a combination of personal history and observation.

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Development Of Multibred Genetic Evaluation, Jerry Lipsey Dec 1999

Development Of Multibred Genetic Evaluation, Jerry Lipsey

Range Beef Cow Symposium

There are several important reasons the beef industry needed to develop multibreed genetic evaluation capabilities:

• Multibreed analyses procedures do a better job of evaluating breeding values of individuals with two or more breeds in their pedigree.

• This new technology provides information that more closely matches the potential genetics in current and future beef production systems.

• U.S. Beef Producers want to alternate breeds to take advantage of crossbreeding and biological type complementarity.

• The beef industry wants to utilize composite seedstock that benefit from seedstock production heterosis and provide heterosis in commercial production systems.

• The long term …

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Vaccines And Dewormers – Do We Need Them All?, Dale M. Grotelueschen Dec 1999

Vaccines And Dewormers – Do We Need Them All?, Dale M. Grotelueschen

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Consumers are the ultimate beneficiaries of improved animal health. Costs and potential benefits from use of vaccines and dewormers affect returns to individual producers or operations as well as the beef industry as a whole. Vaccines that positively influence average daily gain, improve carcass quality, lower costs of production and improve efficiency, and that reduce treatments, decreasing reliance on antibiotics, and that decrease treatment costs contribute to success of the beef industry.

Consideration for use by individual operations often involves shorter time perspectives, especially if cattle are marketed or if products administered affect only production systems on the premises. When …

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Can Cow Adaptability And Carcass Acceptability Both Be Achieved?, R. D. Green, T. G. Field, N. S. Hammett, B. M. Ripley, S. P. Doyle Dec 1999

Can Cow Adaptability And Carcass Acceptability Both Be Achieved?, R. D. Green, T. G. Field, N. S. Hammett, B. M. Ripley, S. P. Doyle

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Over the past couple of decades, the beef cattle industry has become a confusing place to exist. Messages have been conveyed to producers at a fast and furious pace. This would not be a problem if these messages were consistent and if they were compatible with each other, yet this is far from the real situation. Daryl Tatum has been known to occasionally coin the term to describe confusion as “someone being lost in his/her own fog”. Unfortunately, this verbage very accurately describes the beef cattle production environment of the 1990s.

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Enhancing Management Decisions – History Of The Decision Evaluator For The Cattle Industry, Barry Dunn, T. G. Jenkins, C. B. Williams Dec 1999

Enhancing Management Decisions – History Of The Decision Evaluator For The Cattle Industry, Barry Dunn, T. G. Jenkins, C. B. Williams

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Ranch management is the decision making process of resource allocation for a business enterprise that manages natural resources, animals and capitol to meet goals of profitability and sustainability. While this brief sentence captures the essence of ranch management, simplicity is hardly one of ranch decision-making's characteristics. The diagram in Figure 1 has been used to describe the challenge of ranch management as a web of information and complex interrelationships that influence the viability of a beef cattle enterprise. While even this diagram simplifies the complexities faced by ranchers as they grapple with decisions, it does add sensitivity and understanding.

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Snow Management And Windbreaks, R. L. Jairell, R. A. Schmidt Dec 1999

Snow Management And Windbreaks, R. L. Jairell, R. A. Schmidt

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Anticipating and planning for winters can save farmers and ranchers money with proper snow management and windbreaks. This paper describes tools developed by the U.S. Forest Service to control wind and blowing snow. The discussion updates reviews (Jairell and Schmidt 1989, 1991) of more detailed papers listed as references, available by request to the mailing address given at the end of the paper. Additional information is also available on the Internet at http://www-wrrc.uwyo.edu/wrds/rmfres.

Techniques for wind screening discussed here are (1) permanent livestock protection shelters, and (2) temporary, portable windscreens. Practices to control snow accumulation are discussed under the following …

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Principles For Low Stress Cattle Handling, Temple Grandin Dec 1999

Principles For Low Stress Cattle Handling, Temple Grandin

Range Beef Cow Symposium

An understanding of animal psychology combined with well designed facilities will reduce stress on both you and your cattle. Reducing stress is important because stress reduces the ability to fight disease and weight gain. The principles discussed in this book apply to all types of grazing animals. Stress increases weight loss, damages rumen function, and can interfere with reproduction.

An animal's previous experiences will affect its stress reaction to handling. Cattle have long memories. Animals which have been handled roughly will be more stresses and difficult to handle in the future. Animals which are handled gently and have become accustomed …

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Market Outlook And Factors That Impact Cattle Prices, Randy Blach Dec 1999

Market Outlook And Factors That Impact Cattle Prices, Randy Blach

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Content:

Cattle Number's and Meat Supply

Demand and Trade

Feedgrain

Outlook 2000

Strategies

Where’s the Profit

2001-2002 Outlook

Beef Industry Structure

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Opportunities To Recapture Demand For Beef, Andrew Gottschalk Dec 1999

Opportunities To Recapture Demand For Beef, Andrew Gottschalk

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Since 1976, the total supply of red meat and poultry has increased 63%. However, all of the gains since 1976 have been the domain of the competing meats. During 1998, beef production approximated the record production of 1976. This was accomplished with approximately 28 million fewer cattle (100M) than in 1976 (128M). The entire reduction in cattle inventories is offset by an increase in average annual carcass weight. During the period 1990-1998, beef production increased 3.1 billion pounds, pork increased 3.7 billion pounds, chicken increased 9.0 billion pounds and turkey increased 660 million pounds. In total during the 1990-1998 period, …

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Techniques To Identify Palatable Beef Carcasses: Hunterlab Beefcam™, Keith E. Belk Dec 1999

Techniques To Identify Palatable Beef Carcasses: Hunterlab Beefcam™, Keith E. Belk

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Most cattlemen agree that instrument technology, combined with mechanisms to trace livestock through the processing chain, would assist in developing a true "value- or qualitybased" marketing system--where economic signals are transmitted across the entire production chain so that customer preferences are communicated to producers. Tatum et al. (1999) demonstrated the importance of being able to sort beef carcasses, based on an accurate measurement of their subsequent eating quality, if true quality management practices are to ever be implemented to reduce variation and inconsistency in beef palatability. Because Video Image Analysis (VIA) technology has been a priority for commercial testing by …

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Reducing Harvesting Costs Using Windrow Grazing, Weldon V. Thomson Dec 1999

Reducing Harvesting Costs Using Windrow Grazing, Weldon V. Thomson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Dr. Robert Taylor, of Colorado State University, at the 1995 NCA meeting stated, "…after the current cycle 30% of today’s beef producers will not be in business." A colleague, Paul Gehno, now with the King Ranch in Florida, once stated, "the industry that emerges from this down phase will be leaner, smaller and more competitive." Another quote, of which I am afraid I do not have the author states, "in times of change, learners inherit the earth while the learned find themselves beautifully equipped to work in a world that no longer exists."

We live in a world of change …

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Genetic Predictors Of Reproduction, Kent Andersen Dec 1999

Genetic Predictors Of Reproduction, Kent Andersen

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Genetic predictions in the form of expected progeny differences (EPDs) represent the beef industry's most powerful source of information for selection and genetic improvement. While EPDs are widely available for traits associated with calving ease, growth, milk and carcass traits, EPDs for reproductive traits are limited. Given the relative economic importance, development of EPDs for reproductive traits should be a priority for the beef industry. Fortunately, recent breakthroughs in analytical procedures have opened the door for potential development of genetic predictions for reproductive traits.

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Some Effects Of Feeding Supplemental Fat To Beef Cattle, R. A. Bellows Dec 1999

Some Effects Of Feeding Supplemental Fat To Beef Cattle, R. A. Bellows

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Meeting nutrient requirements of the replacement of heifer and the pregnant or lactating heifer and cow is of critical importance in assuring optimum reproductive performance. It is well recognized that these nutrients include protein, energy, minerals, vitamins, dry matter, and water. Recent research has indicated adequate fat may be an additional nutrient that needs to be present in the diet. This presentation will review some of our recent work on the effects of feeding additional fat on potential cold tolerance in the newborn calf, development of the replacement heifer, rebreeding of the lactating dam, and weaning weight of her calf.

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Imminent Commercialization Of Sexed Bovine Sperm, J. L. Schenk, G. E. Seidel Jr. Dec 1999

Imminent Commercialization Of Sexed Bovine Sperm, J. L. Schenk, G. E. Seidel Jr.

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Cattle breeders demand products and services that improve efficiency and maximize profits. Research and development for these products, once done primarily in academic settings, now is occurring more within the private corporate sector who now fund research that was previously funded from public sources. These products often are patented and licensed to individual companies. Product availability is hastened, but sometimes at higher costs. Sex-specific sperm soon will be available to the cattle industry for use in high profile, genetically elite herds. Widespread availability of sex-specific sperm for commercial herds should follow within 2 years.

Sex-specific sperm for use with artificial …

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New Approach To Estimating Bull Fertility, R. L. Ax, M. E. Bellin, H. M. Zhang, H. E. Hawkins Dec 1999

New Approach To Estimating Bull Fertility, R. L. Ax, M. E. Bellin, H. M. Zhang, H. E. Hawkins

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Breeding soundness evaluations (BSE) are conducted to qualify bulls as potential satisfactory breeders. Guidelines for acceptable measures of scrotal circumference, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and the frequency of sperm with morphological abnormalities are compiled and published by the American Society for Theriogenology (Chenoweth et al., 1992). Unfortunately, according to statistics available from USDA, only 40% of eligible bulls are subjected to a BSE. In the real world, bulls with identical outcomes in terms of physical quality of semen will still vary in actual fertility whether used for natural mating or artificial insemination (A.I).

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Sharing The Range – What Diseases Do Wild Ruminants And Beef Cattle Share?, Elizabeth S. Williams Dec 1999

Sharing The Range – What Diseases Do Wild Ruminants And Beef Cattle Share?, Elizabeth S. Williams

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Our western rangelands support a wide variety of species including ruminants that are exquisitely suited to make use of these renewable resources. Domestic ruminants utilizing these rangelands include cattle, domestic sheep, and less frequently, at least in the northern Great Plains and intermountain west, domestic goats. Wild ruminants, in numbers, variety, and quality not found anywhere else in North America, include mule deer, pronghorn, and elk. White-tailed deer frequent the riparian areas, moose are found in low numbers in forest lands, bighorn sheep inhabit rough breaks and the higher altitudes, and free-ranging bison are found around the national parks in …

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Lifetime Effects Of Respiratory And Liver Disease On Cattle, Bill Epperson Dec 1999

Lifetime Effects Of Respiratory And Liver Disease On Cattle, Bill Epperson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

In cattle, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are the main systems affected with disease. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) contributes the majority of illness and death loss in the feedlot segment. Historically, 15-45% of feedlot cattle have been affected with BRD, with 1-5% of total cattle placed dying of BRD (Kelly 1986). Respiratory disease, alone, accounts for 44.1% of deaths in beef feedlot cattle (Vogel 1994). Apart from death loss, the Texas Ranch to Rail Program has suggested that clinical disease (most of which is BRD), even if treated successfully, results in treatment cost ($37.90/affected), decreased average daily gain (0.21 lb/d, …

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Factors To Consider When Buying And Managing Bulls, Ivan G. Rush, Connee Quinn Dec 1999

Factors To Consider When Buying And Managing Bulls, Ivan G. Rush, Connee Quinn

Range Beef Cow Symposium

When considering purchasing a sire price often becomes the first consideration. My father once said the most expensive bull he ever purchased was the one he bought the cheapest. If replacement heifers are retained in the herd, 80-90% of the genetic change in a herd will be made by the bull's genetic makeup. Thus, as leading ranchers know, making decisions in selecting bulls is very important. Management of the bull after he arrives at the farm or ranch is also very important. The best genetic package is of little value unless the bull is managed to serve a large number …

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