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Deep Sea Nature-Based Solutions To Climate Change, Nathalie Hilmi, Michael Sutherland, Shekoofeh Farahmand, Gunnar Haraldsson, Erik Van Doorn, Ekkehard Ernst, Mary S. Wisz, Astrid Claudel Rusin, Laura G. Elsler, Lisa A. Levin
Deep Sea Nature-Based Solutions To Climate Change, Nathalie Hilmi, Michael Sutherland, Shekoofeh Farahmand, Gunnar Haraldsson, Erik Van Doorn, Ekkehard Ernst, Mary S. Wisz, Astrid Claudel Rusin, Laura G. Elsler, Lisa A. Levin
Articles
The deep sea (below 200 m depth) is the largest carbon sink on Earth. It hosts abundant biodiversity that underpins the carbon cycle and provides provisioning, supporting, regulating and cultural ecosystem services. There is growing attention to climate-regulating ocean ecosystem services from the scientific, business and political sectors. In this essay we synthesize the unique biophysical, socioeconomic and governance characteristics of the deep sea to critically assess opportunities for deep-sea blue carbon to mitigate climate change. Deep-sea blue carbon consists of carbon fluxes and storage including carbon transferred from the atmosphere by the inorganic and organic carbon pumps to deep …
Ignition Improvers For Aqueous Ammonia As Marine Fuel, Alessandro Schönborn, Kang-Ki Lee
Ignition Improvers For Aqueous Ammonia As Marine Fuel, Alessandro Schönborn, Kang-Ki Lee
Articles
The potential of three molecules NH4NO2, H2O2, and O3 to ignite aqueous solutions of ammonia (25% by mass) as fuel, was investigated using chemical kinetic simulations at conditions representative of a two-stroke marine diesel engine. The purpose was to address two of the most prominent issues with making ammonia a practical fuel for marine applications: the difficulty of igniting ammonia, and the safety concerns regarding its volatility and toxicity. The ignition simulations carried out to this end used a two-zone reactor model of the engine, representing the ignition zone into which fuel was injected, and the bulk cylinder gases, respectively. …
Protecting Ocean Carbon Through Biodiversity And Climate Governance, Laura G. Elsler, Maartje Oostdijk, Lisa A. Levin, Erin V. Satterthwaite, Malin L. Pinsky, Guillermo Ortuño Crespo, Mary S. Wisz
Protecting Ocean Carbon Through Biodiversity And Climate Governance, Laura G. Elsler, Maartje Oostdijk, Lisa A. Levin, Erin V. Satterthwaite, Malin L. Pinsky, Guillermo Ortuño Crespo, Mary S. Wisz
Articles
Global policy goals for halting biodiversity loss and climate change depend on each other to be successful. Marine biodiversity and climate change are intertwined through foodwebs that cycle and transport carbon and contribute to carbon sequestration. Yet, biodiversity conservation and fisheries management seldom explicitly include ocean carbon transport and sequestration. In order to effectively manage and govern human activities that affect carbon cycling and sequestration, international biodiversity and climate agreements need to address both biodiversity and climate issues. International agreements that address issues for climate and biodiversity are best poised to facilitate the protection of ocean carbon with existing policies. …
Governing Open Ocean And Fish Carbon: Perspectives And Opportunities, Maartje Oostdijk, Laura G. Elsler, Paulina Ramírez-Monsalve, Kirill Orach, Mary S. Wisz
Governing Open Ocean And Fish Carbon: Perspectives And Opportunities, Maartje Oostdijk, Laura G. Elsler, Paulina Ramírez-Monsalve, Kirill Orach, Mary S. Wisz
Articles
Marine life plays a vital role in the ocean’s biological pump by sequestering and mediating fluxes of carbon to the deep sea and sea floor. The roles that fish and other marine vertebrates play in the biological pump are increasingly attracting scientific and policy attention. In this paper, we investigated the interest in and possibilities for the international governance of open ocean and fish carbon ecosystem services. We used semi-structured interviews with representatives from environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGOs), policy makers, and policy experts, along with an exploratory review of grey and peer-reviewed literature to: 1) trace the pathway of important …
The International Convention For The Safety Of Life At Sea: Highlighting Interrelations Of Measures Towards Effective Risk Mitigation, Anish Joseph, Dimitrios Dalaklis
The International Convention For The Safety Of Life At Sea: Highlighting Interrelations Of Measures Towards Effective Risk Mitigation, Anish Joseph, Dimitrios Dalaklis
Articles
Safety is often described as freedom from unacceptable risk. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) since its establishment has consistently been working towards mitigation of risks at sea by implementing measures through specific legal Instruments. The IMO’s principle Instrument with this focus is the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended (SOLAS). By identifying and examining a wide range of risks that must be addressed in order to ensure the safe operations of ships at sea, the chapters of SOLAS provide the necessary mitigation measures. This paper goes on to discusses three specific risks among those …
Perspectives On Cyber Security For Offshore Oil And Gas Assets, Iosif Progoulakis, Nikitas Nikitakos, Paul Rohmeyer, Barry Bunin, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Stavros Karamperidis
Perspectives On Cyber Security For Offshore Oil And Gas Assets, Iosif Progoulakis, Nikitas Nikitakos, Paul Rohmeyer, Barry Bunin, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Stavros Karamperidis
Articles
In an ever-evolving technological industry, the oil and gas sector is already moving forward through the adaptation of Industry 4.0 and the adaptation of advanced cyber technologies through Oil and Gas 4.0. As IT/OT (information technology/operational technology) systems are evolving technologically, so are the cyber security threats faced by the offshore oil and gas assets. This paper aims to raise the awareness of cyber security threats and the organizational and technical measures that need to be adopted by the oil and gas industry for remote and complex assets in the upstream sector. A comprehensive literature review covering the areas of …
Liquefied Natural Gas As Ship Fuel: A Maltese Regulatory Gap Analysis, Mark Philip Cassar, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Fabio Ballini, Seyedvahid Vakili
Liquefied Natural Gas As Ship Fuel: A Maltese Regulatory Gap Analysis, Mark Philip Cassar, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Fabio Ballini, Seyedvahid Vakili
Articles
With water covering almost three-quarters of the Earth’s surface and by factoring in that the maritime transport industry is holding a comparative advantage in relation to all other means, activities associated with the seas and oceans of our planet are extremely vital for a normal functioning of global trade. Furthermore, evaluating the opportunities of the so-called “Blue Economy” and possibilities for further growth should be at the epicentre of future development plans. Indicative examples - apart from various endeavours of maritime transport - include other sectors, like shipbuilding and repairs, fishing activities and related processes, as well as oil and …
Repercussions Of A Weak Ocean Governance And A Non-Existent Maritime Security Policy : The Resurgence Of Piracy And Armed Robbery In The Gulf Of Mexico, Adriana Avila-Zúñiga Nordfjeld, Dimitrios Dalaklis
Repercussions Of A Weak Ocean Governance And A Non-Existent Maritime Security Policy : The Resurgence Of Piracy And Armed Robbery In The Gulf Of Mexico, Adriana Avila-Zúñiga Nordfjeld, Dimitrios Dalaklis
Articles
Piracy and armed robbery attacks against vessels at anchoring areas of ports in the Southern Gulf of Mexico and oil platforms located in the region have increased significantly during the last three years. Only during the first seven months of 2020, research efforts have documented 14 piratical attacks, but only 3 of them were officially reported to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) by the attacked vessel’s flag jurisdiction and not by Mexico, the State where these incidents occurred.
Can Market-Based Measures Stimulate Investments In Green Technologies For The Abatement Of Ghg Emissions From Shipping? A Review Of Proposed Market-Based Measures, Anastasia Christodoulou, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Aykut Ölcer, Fabio Ballini
Can Market-Based Measures Stimulate Investments In Green Technologies For The Abatement Of Ghg Emissions From Shipping? A Review Of Proposed Market-Based Measures, Anastasia Christodoulou, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Aykut Ölcer, Fabio Ballini
Articles
In order for the maritime sector to align itself with the targets set by the Paris Agreement, it should reduce its GHG emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008 with the ultimate aim to phase them out entirely. It is along these lines that in April 2018 the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) developed a strategy, consisting of a range of potential technical and operational measures to reduce GHG emissions from international shipping, ranking from improvements on ship design to the employment of alternative fuels. In order to stimulate the adoption of these policies, the IMO also considers …
Ice-Breaking Fleets Of The United States And Canada: Assessing The Current State Of Affairs And Future Plans, Megan Drewniak, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Anastasia Christodoulou, Rebecca Sheehan
Ice-Breaking Fleets Of The United States And Canada: Assessing The Current State Of Affairs And Future Plans, Megan Drewniak, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Anastasia Christodoulou, Rebecca Sheehan
Articles
In recent years, a continuous decline of ice-coverage in the Arctic has been recorded, but these high latitudes are still dominated by earth’s polar ice cap. Therefore, safe and sustainable shipping operations in this still frozen region have as a precondition the availability of ice-breaking support. The analysis in hand provides an assessment of the United States’ and Canada’s polar ice-breaking program with the purpose of examining to what extent these countries’ relevant resources are able to meet the facilitated growth of industrial interests in the High North. This assessment will specifically focus on the maritime transportation sector along the …
The Northwest Passage In The Arctic: A Brief Assessment Of The Relevant Marine Transportation System And Current Availability Of Search And Rescue Services, Rebecca Sheehan, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Anastasia Christodoulou, Megan Drewniak, Peter Raneri, Angelos Dalaklis
The Northwest Passage In The Arctic: A Brief Assessment Of The Relevant Marine Transportation System And Current Availability Of Search And Rescue Services, Rebecca Sheehan, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Anastasia Christodoulou, Megan Drewniak, Peter Raneri, Angelos Dalaklis
Articles
No abstract provided.
Cr Cybermar As A Solution Path Towards Cybersecurity Soundness In Maritime Logistics Domain, Monica Canepa, Fabio Ballini, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Seyedvahid Vakili, Luis Miguel Colmenares Hernandez
Cr Cybermar As A Solution Path Towards Cybersecurity Soundness In Maritime Logistics Domain, Monica Canepa, Fabio Ballini, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Seyedvahid Vakili, Luis Miguel Colmenares Hernandez
Articles
Cybersecurity is now considered as one of the main challenges for the maritime sector. At the same time, the maritime transport industry remains one of the most relevant and driving sectors for the global economy in terms of both the number and operations of active companies, and infrastructure and investments, thanks to the policies pushed to attract the latter. Maritime information systems, whether on board ships or in ports, are numerous, built with standard components available on the market and in many cases designed without factoring in well the ever-growing cyber risk. Digital infrastructure has become essential in operating and …
Maritime Robotics And Autonomous Systems Operations: Exploring Pathways For Overcoming International Techno-Regulatory Data Barriers, Tafsir Martin Johansson, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Aspasia Pastra
Maritime Robotics And Autonomous Systems Operations: Exploring Pathways For Overcoming International Techno-Regulatory Data Barriers, Tafsir Martin Johansson, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Aspasia Pastra
Articles
The current regulatory landscape that applies to maritime service robotics, aptly termed as robotics and autonomous systems (RAS), is quite complex. When it comes to patents, there are multifarious considerations in relation to vessel survey, inspection, and maintenance processes under national and international law. Adherence is challenging, given that the traditional delivery methods are viewed as unsafe, strenuous, and laborious. Service robotics, namely micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) or drones, magnetic-wheeled crawlers (crawlers), and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), function by relying on the architecture of the Internet of Robotic Things. The aforementioned are being introduced as time-saving apparatuses, accompanied by the …
Perspectives On Cyber Security For Offshore Oil And Gas Assets, Iosif Progoulakis, Nikitas Nikitakos, Paul Rohmeyer, Barry Bunin, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Stavros Karamperidis
Perspectives On Cyber Security For Offshore Oil And Gas Assets, Iosif Progoulakis, Nikitas Nikitakos, Paul Rohmeyer, Barry Bunin, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Stavros Karamperidis
Articles
In an ever-evolving technological industry, the oil and gas sector is already moving forward through the adaptation of Industry 4.0 and the adaptation of advanced cyber technologies through Oil and Gas 4.0. As IT/OT (information technology/operational technology) systems are evolving technologically, so are the cyber security threats faced by the offshore oil and gas assets. This paper aims to raise the awareness of cyber security threats and the organizational and technical measures that need to be adopted by the oil and gas industry for remote and complex assets in the upstream sector. A comprehensive literature review covering the areas of …
Improving Governance Of Maritime Higher Education Institutions To Ensure Success Of Filipino Cadets, Cleto Del Rosario,, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Momoko Kitada, Johan Bolmsten
Improving Governance Of Maritime Higher Education Institutions To Ensure Success Of Filipino Cadets, Cleto Del Rosario,, Dimitrios Dalaklis, Momoko Kitada, Johan Bolmsten
Articles
No abstract provided.
Exploring The Issue Of Maritime Domain Awareness In Ghana, M. Agyare Asiamah, D. Dalaklis
Exploring The Issue Of Maritime Domain Awareness In Ghana, M. Agyare Asiamah, D. Dalaklis
Articles
No abstract provided.