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The Community Health System In Mali: An Overview, Frontline Health Project
The Community Health System In Mali: An Overview, Frontline Health Project
Reproductive Health
This brief provides an overview of the community health system in Mali. The system is decentralized and operates across five levels: national, regional, district, health area, and community. It relies on two cadres of community health workers to deliver health-care services, primarily to rural populations: agents de santé communautaire (ASCs) and relais communautaire. The National Implementation Guide for Essential Community Health Care is the main document that outlines responsibilities of community health providers and processes for organization, management, and delivery of health services. Although Mali’s maternal, child (under five years), and infant mortality rates have fallen over the past two …
The Community Health System In The Drc: An Overview, Frontline Health Project
The Community Health System In The Drc: An Overview, Frontline Health Project
Reproductive Health
This brief provides an overview of the community health system in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The community health system is decentralized and operates across five levels: national, provincial, health zone, health area, and community. Various policy documents guide DRC’s community health system, including The National Health Development Plan 2016–2020. Relais communautaire (RECOs) are the main cadre of community health workers operating in the DRC. They are volunteers who provide a minimum package of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health services, including the provision of family planning; integrated community case management for malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory diseases; nutrition …
Two Implementation Models Of Workers' Health Education Programs In Egypt: What Works? What Doesn't Work?, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Norhan Bader, Elizabeth Tobey, Aparna Jain
Two Implementation Models Of Workers' Health Education Programs In Egypt: What Works? What Doesn't Work?, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Norhan Bader, Elizabeth Tobey, Aparna Jain
Reproductive Health
This brief presents findings from two models of workers’ health education programs implemented by the Evidence Project/Population Council in Egypt. The two interventions aimed to increase family planning (FP) service demand among young people aged 18–35 in Port Said and urban Souhag. In Port Said, male and female factory workers who were trained as peer educators shared family planning/reproductive health (FP/RH) information with fellow factory workers, distributed communication materials, and provided referrals to infirmary nurses trained in FP counseling. In Souhag, male and female peer educators were trained to provide integrated FP/RH and livelihood workshops to job seekers. Results of …
The Community Health System In Bangladesh: An Overview, Frontline Health Project
The Community Health System In Bangladesh: An Overview, Frontline Health Project
Reproductive Health
This brief provides an overview of the community health system in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is divided into eight administrative divisions, 64 districts, and 545 subdistricts, known as upazilas. Each rural area within an upazila is divided into union parishads and mouzas, which are further divided into villages. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has an extensive health infrastructure that is pluralistic and follows the country’s administrative pattern. Union parishads are the smallest administrative unit in rural areas. At the lowest administrative level, traditional healers, nonqualified allopathic practitioners, and community health workers (CHWs) are typically the only providers available. This brief …
The Community Health System In Haiti: An Overview, Frontline Health Project
The Community Health System In Haiti: An Overview, Frontline Health Project
Reproductive Health
This brief provides an overview of the community health system in Haiti. In Haiti, the health system is overseen at the national level by the Ministry of Public Health and Population (Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population-MSPP) which provides policies and standards for service delivery at all levels, including the community level. Health service delivery is managed and coordinated across three levels: national (level III), health department (level II), and district and community levels (level I). The national level is guided by the MSPP and provides policy guidance for community-level service delivery. The Health Department level is …
Strengthening In-Service Training And Continuing Education (Ist/Ce) For Frontline Health Workers For Bauchi And Cross River States, Ekechi Okereke, Godwin Unumeri, Ibrahim Suleiman, Aisha Jibril
Strengthening In-Service Training And Continuing Education (Ist/Ce) For Frontline Health Workers For Bauchi And Cross River States, Ekechi Okereke, Godwin Unumeri, Ibrahim Suleiman, Aisha Jibril
Reproductive Health
This brief details Council efforts to develop effective, and costed, in-service training and continuing education modules for frontline health workers in Bauchi and Cross River states in Nigeria. This project was funded by WHO to aid the training and development of Nigeria's public health worker sector.
Feasibility And Acceptability Of Community Health Extension Workers To Identify And Treat Hypertension Associated With Pregnancy: Implementation Research Report, Emmanuel Nwala, Udochisom Anaba, Pooja Sripad, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku, Charlotte E. Warren
Feasibility And Acceptability Of Community Health Extension Workers To Identify And Treat Hypertension Associated With Pregnancy: Implementation Research Report, Emmanuel Nwala, Udochisom Anaba, Pooja Sripad, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku, Charlotte E. Warren
Reproductive Health
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, experienced by 10 percent of women globally, are major contributors to maternal and newborn mortality, morbidity, and disability. Task shifting essential health services to mitigate insufficient human resources is recommended to strengthen and expand the health workforce and rapidly increase access to quality services. Nigeria’s task-shifting policy recommends that community health extension workers administer a loading dose of magnesium sulphate for severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia prior to referral to a higher-level facility. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of community health extension workers at primary health care facilities in Ebonyi state in detecting and managing …
Population Council's Support For Nigeria's Third National Human Resources For Health Conference And Efforts To Institutionalize Hrh Conferences In Nigeria, Ekechi Okereke, Godwin Unumeri, Ibrahim Suleiman, Aisha Jibril
Population Council's Support For Nigeria's Third National Human Resources For Health Conference And Efforts To Institutionalize Hrh Conferences In Nigeria, Ekechi Okereke, Godwin Unumeri, Ibrahim Suleiman, Aisha Jibril
Reproductive Health
This project brief describes the Population Council's partnership efforts with public health stakeholders in Nigeria to plan and host a third national conference for provision of necessary and relevant information on critical health issues to health staff and stakeholders throughout Nigeria.
The Rationale And Relevance Of Existing Cadres Of Frontline Health Workers And Potential For New Mid-Level Cadres, Oladimeji Oladepo, Ekechi Okereke, Akinwumi Akinola
The Rationale And Relevance Of Existing Cadres Of Frontline Health Workers And Potential For New Mid-Level Cadres, Oladimeji Oladepo, Ekechi Okereke, Akinwumi Akinola
Reproductive Health
Front-line health workers (FLHWs) are expected to perform necessary maternal, newborn, and child (MNCH) services appropriately and effectively; however, few studies have investigated the extent to which FLHWs perform requisite primary health care (PHC) services. This study seeks to better understand not only FLHWs’ knowledge and performance of MNCH services, but the factors promoting and inhibiting their services in selected rural local government areas of Nigeria’s Bauchi and Cross River states. It also investigates the potential for a new PHC worker cadre, soliciting stakeholders’ perceptions about its feasibility for addressing maternal and newborn disease burdens in rural communities. The study’s …
Assessing The Feasibility And Acceptability Of Community Health Extension Workers To Treat Hypertension Associated With Pregnancy: An Analysis Of Post-Intervention Findings, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku
Assessing The Feasibility And Acceptability Of Community Health Extension Workers To Treat Hypertension Associated With Pregnancy: An Analysis Of Post-Intervention Findings, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku
Reproductive Health
This brief reports on a study that tested the feasibility of tasking community health extension workers (CHEWs) with detecting and managing hypertension, and prescribing an oral antihypertensive drug at primary health care (PHC) facilities in Nigeria as part of a package of care for women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E). This evaluation measured improvements in knowledge retention and increases in early detection, prevention, and management of PE/E. Findings indicate that trained CHEWs working at intervention PHCs can correctly identify, differentiate, and manage normal, mild, moderate, and severe hypertension. These findings are important contributions to implementing Nigeria’s national task-shifting policy at …
Engaging Community Women's Groups For Improved Uptake Of Antenatal Care Services In Cross River State, Nigeria: An Analysis Of Post-Intervention Findings, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku
Engaging Community Women's Groups For Improved Uptake Of Antenatal Care Services In Cross River State, Nigeria: An Analysis Of Post-Intervention Findings, Salisu Mohammed Ishaku
Reproductive Health
The Ending Eclampsia project seeks to understand the potential of underutilized and promising interventions that increase access to services, particularly improving community referral systems. This brief reports on a study in Nigeria’s Cross River state that aimed to test the feasibility of women’s group leaders delivering health information for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E), referral, and other antenatal care (ANC) services to their peers, to increasing access to quality maternal and newborn health services. Women’s group findings suggest that community engagement is a critical model for information sharing and is an adaptable, acceptable model for increasing PE/E prevention and danger-sign recognition …
Charity: A Health Volunteer Success Story, Amy Dempsey
Charity: A Health Volunteer Success Story, Amy Dempsey
Reproductive Health
Results from Ending Eclampsia’s landscape analysis of seven states in Nigeria served as the catalyst for a training with Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs) in Nigeria. Researchers conducted observations of client–provider interactions during antenatal care (ANC) visits and assessed healthcare providers’ knowledge of proven risk factors for pre-eclampsia, including chronic hypertension, previous history of PE/E, obesity, pre-existing diabetes or diabetes in pregnancy, advanced maternal age, sickle cell diseases, and connective tissue diseases. The training’s objective was to teach CHEWs how ANC providers can prevent pregnancy-related complications like pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E). Following the training the CHEWs felt that they can …
Enhancing Frontline Health Workers' Abilities To Improve Mnch Services In Cross River State Through Task Shifting/Sharing, Sylvia Adebajo, Ekechi Okereke, Friday Joseph
Enhancing Frontline Health Workers' Abilities To Improve Mnch Services In Cross River State Through Task Shifting/Sharing, Sylvia Adebajo, Ekechi Okereke, Friday Joseph
Reproductive Health
There is a shortage of qualified and skilled health professionals providing cost-effective maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services in Cross River State, Nigeria. Frontline health workers (FLHWs) have the potential to learn new skills as part of a task-shifting and sharing (TSS) policy. This brief highlights the results of the TSS policy in Cross River state: village health workers identify and refer pregnant women in their communities to antenatal clinics and provide oral medications; community health workers perform initial case management and ensure quick referrals to secondary facilities for specialized care; nurses and midwives deliver MNCH interventions that are …
Enhancing Frontline Health Workers' Abilities To Improve Mnch Services In Bauchi State Through Task Shifting/Sharing, Sylvia Adebajo, Ekechi Okereke, Friday Joseph
Enhancing Frontline Health Workers' Abilities To Improve Mnch Services In Bauchi State Through Task Shifting/Sharing, Sylvia Adebajo, Ekechi Okereke, Friday Joseph
Reproductive Health
Frontline health workers (FLHWs), including nurses, midwives, community health extension workers, and community health officers, are healthcare providers with the greatest access to clients and patients, and provide initial care to persons in need of health services. In 2014, Nigeria’s 57th National Council on Health approved a task-shifting and sharing (TSS) policy for essential healthcare services as a promising strategy for improving access and efficiency in Nigeria’s health system. Subsequently, FLHWs in Nigeria have been trained for new roles and functions traditionally reserved for mid- or high-level cadres, to optimize available providers and their capacities. This brief reviews the strategy …
Promoting Respectful Maternity Care Resource Package: Community Flipchart, Population Council
Promoting Respectful Maternity Care Resource Package: Community Flipchart, Population Council
Reproductive Health
Progress toward the reduction of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality has been slow because improvements require overcoming financial and geographical barriers to accessing skilled care, as well as the poor quality of care in maternity units. A little-understood component of the poor quality of care experienced by women during facility-based childbirth is the disrespectful and abusive behavior of healthcare providers and other facility staff. Acknowledgment of these behaviors by policymakers, program staff, civil society groups, and community members indicates the problem is widespread. This is a teaching aid for community health workers and other community-level resource persons to conduct …
Union Health And Family Welfare Centers In Chittagong And Munshiganj: Are They Ready To Provide 24-Hour Normal Delivery Services?, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob, A.K.M. Zafar Ullah Khan, Forhana Rahman Noor, Shongkour Roy, Afsana Fatema Noor
Union Health And Family Welfare Centers In Chittagong And Munshiganj: Are They Ready To Provide 24-Hour Normal Delivery Services?, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob, A.K.M. Zafar Ullah Khan, Forhana Rahman Noor, Shongkour Roy, Afsana Fatema Noor
Reproductive Health
To date, the Directorate General of Family Planning (DGFP) of Bangladesh’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has established approximately 3,900 Union Health and Family Welfare Centers (UHFWCs) in rural areas providing: family planning; menstrual regulation; vaccinations; and general, reproductive, and maternal health services six days a week. About 1,500 UHFWCs have been upgraded with the necessary staff and equipment to provide normal delivery services round-the-clock in rural areas. Yet, Family Welfare Visitors (FWVs) posted at UHFWCs perform only 0.3 percent of deliveries. This means that UHFWCs and FWVs are not optimally utilized to increase the rate of institutional deliveries. …
Delivering Contraceptive Vaginal Rings—Task Shifting And Task Sharing In The Delivery Of Family Planning Services: Experiences From Kenya, Wilson Liambila, Saumya Ramarao, Heather Clark
Delivering Contraceptive Vaginal Rings—Task Shifting And Task Sharing In The Delivery Of Family Planning Services: Experiences From Kenya, Wilson Liambila, Saumya Ramarao, Heather Clark
Reproductive Health
This report describes the task-shifting and task-sharing policies and experiences relevant to the provision of family planning (FP) services in Kenya and the potential place for contraceptive vaginal rings. The feasibility, effectiveness, and acceptability of mid- and lower-level providers in the provision of FP services is documented. The report highlights how the provision of integrated RH/FP/HIV services could be delivered by various levels in the national health care system through task-sharing. Opportunities for facilitating delivery of the Population Council’s Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (PCVR) within the national health care system in Kenya are also described. Kenya has in place policies …
Union Health And Family Welfare Centers In Chittagong And Munshiganj: Are They Ready To Provide 24-Hour Normal Delivery Services? (Brief), Population Council
Union Health And Family Welfare Centers In Chittagong And Munshiganj: Are They Ready To Provide 24-Hour Normal Delivery Services? (Brief), Population Council
Reproductive Health
To date, the Directorate General of Family Planning (DGFP) of Bangladesh’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has established approximately 3,900 Union Health and Family Welfare Centers (UHFWCs) in rural areas providing: family planning; menstrual regulation; vaccinations; and general, reproductive, and maternal health services six days a week. About 1,500 UHFWCs have been upgraded with the necessary staff and equipment to provide normal delivery services round-the-clock in rural areas. In rural areas, public-sector health facilities, including UHFWCs, contribute to only 12 percent of institutional deliveries. Until now, Family Welfare Visitors (FWVs) posted at UHFWCs performed only 0.3 percent of deliveries. …
Introduction Of Dmpa In Public Health Facilities Of Uttar Pradesh And Rajasthan: An Evaluation, M.E. Khan, Anvita Dixit, Jaleel Ahmad, G. Pillai
Introduction Of Dmpa In Public Health Facilities Of Uttar Pradesh And Rajasthan: An Evaluation, M.E. Khan, Anvita Dixit, Jaleel Ahmad, G. Pillai
Reproductive Health
India is committed to achieving the goals of FP2020, which, besides substantially increasing new contraceptive users, also demands adopting a rights-based approach and ensuring easy access, choice, and good quality services. The contraceptive method mix in India has been dominated by female sterilization for a long time. No new contraceptive method has been added to the national family welfare program for decades. Use of injectable contraceptives was approved in 1994 in the private sector, but is still not part of the national program. Recently some initiatives have been taken to make Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) available through the public sector …
Strengthening The Role Of Patent Medicine Vendors In The Provision Of Injectable Contraception In Nigeria, Population Council, The Evidence Project
Strengthening The Role Of Patent Medicine Vendors In The Provision Of Injectable Contraception In Nigeria, Population Council, The Evidence Project
Reproductive Health
The majority of contraceptive services in Nigeria are offered in private settings, including Patent Medicine (PM) shops. PM shops are informal businesses owned by Patent Medicine Vendors (PMVs) licensed to sell patent or proprietary drugs. Injectable contraception is the most popular modern contraceptive method in Nigeria. However PMVs are not regulated to sell or administer injectable contraceptives because the businesses do not receive formal training. Despite this, some PMVs are selling and administering injectable methods in response to high demand. The Evidence Project, in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Health, conducted implementation research to: demonstrate the feasibility of PMVs …
Repositioning Community-Based Family Planning In Ghana: A Case Study Of Community-Based Health Planning And Services (Chps), Stephen Ntsua, Placide Tapsoba, Gloria Quansah Asare, Frank K. Nyonator
Repositioning Community-Based Family Planning In Ghana: A Case Study Of Community-Based Health Planning And Services (Chps), Stephen Ntsua, Placide Tapsoba, Gloria Quansah Asare, Frank K. Nyonator
Reproductive Health
The Population Council conducted a diagnostic appraisal of delivering family planning services using the community-based health planning and services (CHPS model) in Ghana. This study’s results indicate that the CHPS program is well appreciated by rural communities where it is operational. However, the study identified several developments with implications for service delivery: increased community health officer (CHO) workloads and concomitant reductions in outreach services and home visits by community health visitors (CHVs) have weakened the CHO-CHV working relationship, leaving both cadres working in isolation. CHPS has significantly improved health indices but its contribution to increasing family planning is limited and …
Strengthening The Delivery Of Comprehensive Reproductive Health Services Through The Community Midwifery Model In Kenya, Wilson Liambila, Francis Obare, Chi-Chi Undie, Harriet Birungi, Shiphrah Kuria, Ruth Wayua Muia, Assumpta Matekwa
Strengthening The Delivery Of Comprehensive Reproductive Health Services Through The Community Midwifery Model In Kenya, Wilson Liambila, Francis Obare, Chi-Chi Undie, Harriet Birungi, Shiphrah Kuria, Ruth Wayua Muia, Assumpta Matekwa
Reproductive Health
The overall objective of this project was to strengthen the delivery of family planning/reproductive health and HIV (FP/RH/HIV) services at the community level. The interventions included revision of existing guidelines and protocols for the community midwifery approach, training of providers, provision of equipment and supplies, and creating awareness on the use of community referral cards. In addition, cost analysis of community midwives’ services and willingness-to-pay assessments for various reproductive health services among current and potential users of community midwifery services were undertaken. The results showed that the community midwifery model improved clients’ access to a comprehensive package of RH/HIV including …
Increasing Access To Family Planning (Fp) And Reproductive Health (Rh) Services Through Task-Sharing Between Community Health Workers (Chws) And Community Mid-Level Professionals In Large-Scale Public-Sector Programs: A Literature Review To Help Guide Case Studies, James R. Foreit, Sarah Raifman
Increasing Access To Family Planning (Fp) And Reproductive Health (Rh) Services Through Task-Sharing Between Community Health Workers (Chws) And Community Mid-Level Professionals In Large-Scale Public-Sector Programs: A Literature Review To Help Guide Case Studies, James R. Foreit, Sarah Raifman
Reproductive Health
This literature review covers case studies related to community-based distribution of family planning programs, and community health worker (CHW) programs that included family planning and other reproductive health services. It offers essential processes and implications for additional operations research which look at constraints and factors critical to introducing new program procedures or strengthening existing ones.
Community Health Workers Can Effectively Provide Information And Referrals To People Living With Hiv In Their Communities, Population Council
Community Health Workers Can Effectively Provide Information And Referrals To People Living With Hiv In Their Communities, Population Council
Reproductive Health
A number of studies reported high levels of sexually transmitted infections among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Unfortunately, prevention interventions targeting PLHIV in the community are not common in Kenya, and most PLHIV who are not on ART have limited access to prevention information and risk-reduction counseling. The Population Council’s APHIA II Operations Research Project conducted a research project to address these gaps. This study was conducted in 2010 in collaboration with the International Center for Reproductive Health and the National AIDS and STI Control Programme. The findings show that the intervention had a number of positive outcomes and concludes …
Community Health Workers And The Media Can Be Effective In Providing Health Information To Married Adolescent Girls In The Community, Population Council
Community Health Workers And The Media Can Be Effective In Providing Health Information To Married Adolescent Girls In The Community, Population Council
Reproductive Health
Past research has found that married adolescent girls in Nyanza Province, Kenya, face higher risks of HIV infection than unmarried but sexually active girls their age in the province and other parts of the country. To address this challenge, the Population Council’s APHIA II Operations Research Project, in collaboration with Well Told Story and the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, developed a study to assess the effectiveness of an intervention designed to increase married adolescent girls’ access to comprehensive reproductive health and HIV information and services in Homa Bay and Rachuonyo districts. The study found that using interactive communication …
Social Mobilization Strategy, Family Advancement For Life And Health (Falah)
Social Mobilization Strategy, Family Advancement For Life And Health (Falah)
Reproductive Health
This document outlines social mobilization strategies at the national and community levels of the Family Advancement for Life and Health (FALAH) project in Pakistan. The project aims to improve the health and well-being of women, men, and their children through tackling the major obstacles in adoption of birth spacing to improve maternal and child health outcomes and family well-being, by increasing knowledge of the benefits of birth spacing as well as knowledge, increased demand for, and effective use of contraceptive methods. The strategy aims to achieve a significant increase in couples’ knowledge and understanding of the need for and benefits …
Training Institutions For Community Midwives In Pakistan: An Initial Assessment, Zakir Hussain Shah, Momina Salim, Mumraiz Khan
Training Institutions For Community Midwives In Pakistan: An Initial Assessment, Zakir Hussain Shah, Momina Salim, Mumraiz Khan
Reproductive Health
This study focuses on the training of community midwives (CMWs) in Pakistan, to specifically look at the institutions providing CMW training to see what resources (both physical and human resources) they had available and how these resources were being utilized. This study served as an early evaluation of the trainings and upgrades by the PAIMAN project, to assess how their interventions fared, and provides documentation for future decisions regarding the management, training, and practice of CMWs in Pakistan. As Pakistan transitions from a country with a high level of home births to a country where most births take place in …
Assessing The Potential Acceptability Of A New Cadre Of Community Midwives For Pregnancy And Delivery Related Care In Rural Pakistan: Findings From A Qualitative Study, Abdul Wajid, Ali M. Mir, Zubaida Rashid, Abida Aziz
Assessing The Potential Acceptability Of A New Cadre Of Community Midwives For Pregnancy And Delivery Related Care In Rural Pakistan: Findings From A Qualitative Study, Abdul Wajid, Ali M. Mir, Zubaida Rashid, Abida Aziz
Reproductive Health
The Population Council designed an operations research study to assess the potential acceptability of a new cadre of community midwives (CMWs) for pregnancy and delivery-related care in rural Pakistan. Specific objectives of the study were to determine the need for skilled birth attendants, identify any misconceptions in the community about CMWs, determine levels of acceptance in the community, and explore barriers to the placement of CMWs in the community. The report recommends sensitizing family members so they are more willing to grant permission for pregnant women to consult CMWs, developing flexible fee structures, giving clients greater accessibility, building a network …
Taking Critical Services To The Home: Scaling-Up Home-Based Maternal And Postnatal Care, Including Family Planning, Through Community Midwifery In Kenya, Annie Mwangi, Charlotte E. Warren
Taking Critical Services To The Home: Scaling-Up Home-Based Maternal And Postnatal Care, Including Family Planning, Through Community Midwifery In Kenya, Annie Mwangi, Charlotte E. Warren
Reproductive Health
With support from USAID, the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) project supported the scaling up of a community-based model in Kenya that enabled women to give birth safely at home or be referred to a hospital when attended by a self-employed skilled midwife living in the community. To strengthen the sustainability of this approach FRONTIERS engaged a microfinance NGO to develop a training curriculum on basic business skills and financial literacy, and encouraged the community midwives (CMs) to form clusters or informal associations so that they could be trained in business skills. Following these interventions, CMs proved more …
Promoting Healthy Timing And Spacing Of Births In India Through A Community-Based Approach, M.E. Khan, Mary Philip Sebastian, Usha Sharma, Rukma Idnani, Kaushal Kumari, Bharati Maheshwari, Shahid Ashraf
Promoting Healthy Timing And Spacing Of Births In India Through A Community-Based Approach, M.E. Khan, Mary Philip Sebastian, Usha Sharma, Rukma Idnani, Kaushal Kumari, Bharati Maheshwari, Shahid Ashraf
Reproductive Health
The Indian Family Welfare Program, though successful in increasing contraceptive use among couples who have achieved their desired family size, has failed in educating people about the importance and need of using contraceptive methods for spacing births. With its Indian collaborators, the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program undertook a study to test a model to increase use of postpartum contraception among young pregnant women with a parity of 0 or 1. The study showed that the Behavior Change Communication (BCC) model developed to promote Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy (HTSP) was effective in promoting the lactational …