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A Late Pleistocene Woman From Tham Lod, Thailand: The Influence Of Today On A Face From The Past, Susan Hayes, Rasmi Shoocongdej, Natthamon Pureepatpong, Sanjai Sangvichien, Kanoknart Chintakanon
A Late Pleistocene Woman From Tham Lod, Thailand: The Influence Of Today On A Face From The Past, Susan Hayes, Rasmi Shoocongdej, Natthamon Pureepatpong, Sanjai Sangvichien, Kanoknart Chintakanon
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Creating a facial appearance for individuals from the distant past is often highly problematic, even when verified methods are used. This is especially so in the case of non-European individuals, as the reference populations used to estimate the face tend to be heavily biased towards the average facial variation of recent people of European descent. To evaluate the problem, a facial approximation of a young woman from the Late Pleistocene rockshelter of Tham Lod in north-western Thailand was compared against the average facial variation of datasets from recent populations. The analysis indicated that the Tham Lod facial approximation was neither …
The Age Of Homo Naledi And Associated Sediments In The Rising Star Cave, South Africa, Paul H.G.M Dirks, Eric Roberts, Hannah Hilbert-Wolf, Jan Kramers, John Hawks, Anthony Dosseto, Mathieu Duval, Marina Elliott, Mary Evans, Rainer Grün
The Age Of Homo Naledi And Associated Sediments In The Rising Star Cave, South Africa, Paul H.G.M Dirks, Eric Roberts, Hannah Hilbert-Wolf, Jan Kramers, John Hawks, Anthony Dosseto, Mathieu Duval, Marina Elliott, Mary Evans, Rainer Grün
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
New ages for flowstone, sediments and fossil bones from the Dinaledi Chamber are presented. We combined optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments with U-Th and palaeomagnetic analyses of flowstones to establish that all sediments containing Homo naledi fossils can be allocated to a single stratigraphic entity (sub-unit 3b), interpreted to be deposited between 236 ka and 414 ka. This result has been confirmed independently by dating three H. naledi teeth with combined U-series and electron spin resonance (US-ESR) dating. Two dating scenarios for the fossils were tested by varying the assumed levels of 222Rn loss in the encasing sediments: a …
Nurses Are Underutilised In Antimicrobial Stewardship E Results Of A Multisite Survey In Paediatric And Adult Hospitals, Mona Mostaghim, Thomas Snelling, Brendan J. Mcmullan, Pamela Konecny, Stuart Bond, Suman Adhikari, Adriana J. Chubaty, Cathy Lovell, Beata Bajorek
Nurses Are Underutilised In Antimicrobial Stewardship E Results Of A Multisite Survey In Paediatric And Adult Hospitals, Mona Mostaghim, Thomas Snelling, Brendan J. Mcmullan, Pamela Konecny, Stuart Bond, Suman Adhikari, Adriana J. Chubaty, Cathy Lovell, Beata Bajorek
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Objectives: Explore perceptions and attitudes of nurses in regard to antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), their roles as nurses, and identify differences in perceptions and attitudes across paediatric and adult settings. Methods: Electronic survey administered to nursing staff across three public Australian tertiary institutions with AMS facilitated by a shared electronic approval and decision support system. Results: Overall 65% (93/142) of nurses who completed the survey were familiar with the term AMS, and 75% recognised that they were expected to have a role alongside other disciplines, including ward pharmacists (paediatric 88%, adult 73%; p = 0.03). Hand hygiene and infection control (86%), …
Virtual Histological Assessment Of The Prenatal Life History And Age At Death Of The Upper Paleolithic Fetus From Ostuni (Italy), Alessia Nava, Alfredo Coppa, Donato Coppola, Lucia Mancini, Diego Dreossi, Franco Zanini, Federico Bernardini, Claudio Tuniz, Luca Bondioli
Virtual Histological Assessment Of The Prenatal Life History And Age At Death Of The Upper Paleolithic Fetus From Ostuni (Italy), Alessia Nava, Alfredo Coppa, Donato Coppola, Lucia Mancini, Diego Dreossi, Franco Zanini, Federico Bernardini, Claudio Tuniz, Luca Bondioli
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
The fetal remains from the Ostuni 1 burial (Italy, ca 27 ka) represent a unique opportunity to explore the prenatal biological parameters, and to reconstruct the possible patho-biography, of a fetus (and its mother) in an Upper Paleolithic context. Phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography imaging of two deciduous tooth crowns and microfocus CT measurements of the right hemimandible of the Ostuni 1b fetus were performed at the SYRMEP beamline and at the TomoLab station of the Elettra - Sincrotrone laboratory (Trieste, Italy) in order to refine age at death and to report the enamel developmental history and dental tissue volumes for …
Quaternary Vertebrate Faunas From Sumba, Indonesia: Implications For Wallacean Biogeography And Evolution, Samuel Turvey, Jennifer Crees, James Hansford, Timothy Jeffree, Nick Crumpton, Iwan Kurniawan, Erick Setiyabudi, Thomas Guillerme, Umbu Paranggarimu, Anthony Dosseto, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh
Quaternary Vertebrate Faunas From Sumba, Indonesia: Implications For Wallacean Biogeography And Evolution, Samuel Turvey, Jennifer Crees, James Hansford, Timothy Jeffree, Nick Crumpton, Iwan Kurniawan, Erick Setiyabudi, Thomas Guillerme, Umbu Paranggarimu, Anthony Dosseto, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Historical patterns of diversity, biogeography and faunal turnover remain poorly understood for Wallacea, the biologically and geologically complex island region between the Asian and Australian continental shelves. A distinctive Quaternary vertebrate fauna containing the small-bodied hominin Homo floresiensis, pygmy Stegodon proboscideans, varanids and giant murids has been described from Flores, but Quaternary faunas are poorly known from most other Lesser Sunda Islands. We report the discovery of extensive new fossil vertebrate collections from Pleistocene and Holocene deposits on Sumba, a large Wallacean island situated less than 50 km south of Flores. A fossil assemblage recovered from a Pleistocene deposit at …
Exploring Hominin And Non-Hominin Primate Dental Fossil Remains With Neutron Microtomography, Clement Zanolli, Burkhard Schillinger, Amelie Beaudet, Ottmar Kullmer, Roberto Macchiarelli, Lucia Mancini, Friedemann Schrenk, Claudio Tuniz, Vladimira Vodopivec
Exploring Hominin And Non-Hominin Primate Dental Fossil Remains With Neutron Microtomography, Clement Zanolli, Burkhard Schillinger, Amelie Beaudet, Ottmar Kullmer, Roberto Macchiarelli, Lucia Mancini, Friedemann Schrenk, Claudio Tuniz, Vladimira Vodopivec
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Fossil dental remains are an archive of unique information for paleobiological studies. Computed microtomography based on X-ray microfocus sources (X-μCT) and Synchrotron Radiation (SR-μCT) allow subtle quantification at the micron and sub-micron scale of the meso- and microstructural signature imprinted in the mineralized tissues, such as enamel and dentine, through high-resolution "virtual histology". Nonetheless, depending on the degree of alterations undergone during fossilization, X-ray analyses of tooth tissues do not always provide distinct imaging contrasts, thus preventing the extraction of essential morphological and anatomical details. We illustrate here by three examples the successful application of neutron microtomography (n-μCT) in cases …
Technologies For The Control Of Heat And Light In The Vézère Valley Aurignacian, Randall White, Romain Mensan, Amy E. Clark, Elise Tartar, Laurent Marquer, Raphaelle Bourrillon, Paul Goldberg, Laurent Chiotti, Catherine Cretin, William Rendu, Anne Pike-Tay, Sarah Ranlett
Technologies For The Control Of Heat And Light In The Vézère Valley Aurignacian, Randall White, Romain Mensan, Amy E. Clark, Elise Tartar, Laurent Marquer, Raphaelle Bourrillon, Paul Goldberg, Laurent Chiotti, Catherine Cretin, William Rendu, Anne Pike-Tay, Sarah Ranlett
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
We can trace the beginnings of our knowledge of early Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian) use of fire to the pioneering 1910-1911 excavations at Abri Blanchard undertaken by Louis Didon and Marcel Castanet. At Blanchard, the excavators recognized and described fire structures that correspond in many ways to features excavated more recently in Western and Central Europe. Here, we address the issue of heat and light management in the early Upper Paleolithic, demonstrating a pattern that builds on these early excavations but that is refined through our recent field operations. Topics to be discussed include (1) recently excavated fire structures that suggest …
High-Resolution Hyperspectral Imaging Of Diagenesis And Clays In Fossil Coral Reef Material: A Nondestructive Tool For Improving Environmental And Climate Reconstructions, Richard Murphy, Jody M. Webster, Luke Nothdurft, Belinda Dechnik, Helen V. Mcgregor, Madhavi A. Patterson, Kelsey Sanborn, Gregory E. Webb, Lisa I. Kearney, Llewellyn Rintoul, Dirk V. Erler
High-Resolution Hyperspectral Imaging Of Diagenesis And Clays In Fossil Coral Reef Material: A Nondestructive Tool For Improving Environmental And Climate Reconstructions, Richard Murphy, Jody M. Webster, Luke Nothdurft, Belinda Dechnik, Helen V. Mcgregor, Madhavi A. Patterson, Kelsey Sanborn, Gregory E. Webb, Lisa I. Kearney, Llewellyn Rintoul, Dirk V. Erler
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Hyperspectral imagery (1000-2500 nm) was used to quantitatively map carbonate and clay minerals in fossil reef cores that are relevant to accurately reconstructing past environmental and climatic conditions. Techniques were developed using hyperspectral imagery of fossil reef corals and cores acquired from three different geological settings, and were validated against independent measures of calcite to aragonite ratios. Aragonite, calcite, and dolomite were distinguished using a combination of the wavelength position and asymmetry of the primary carbonate absorption between 2300 and 2350 nm. Areas of core containing small amounts of calcite (>2-5%) were distinguished from aragonite in imagery of two …