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Analysis Of Plasminogen Binding To Treponema Denticola, A Key Periopathogen, Brittney Tegels
Analysis Of Plasminogen Binding To Treponema Denticola, A Key Periopathogen, Brittney Tegels
Theses and Dissertations
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects over 116 million adults in the United States. A shift in the normal microflora occurs as periodontal disease develops resulting in a larger number of Gram-negative anaerobes and spirochetes. An increase in the oral spirochete, Treponema denticola, is highly correlated with periodontal disease progression and severity. The ability of this periopathogen to thrive in the subgingival crevice is dependent on complement evasion mechanisms. Earlier analyses demonstrated that the primary mechanism of T. denticola serum resistance is binding of the human complement regulatory protein, Factor H (FH), to the factor H-binding protein (FhbB). …
Effectiveness Of Visual Aids On Preventive Dental Goals, Kristin Hodgson
Effectiveness Of Visual Aids On Preventive Dental Goals, Kristin Hodgson
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To assess a caregiver’s oral health attitudes, habits, and behaviors pre and post intervention, and to determine whether a particular delivery-style (verbal-only or with visual supplementation) of a motivational interviewing session is more effective in improving oral health behaviors as well as improving success of a chosen preventive goal. Methods: N=140 caregivers of pediatric dental patients were given questionnaires to assess readiness to change and current preventive oral health behaviors. Oral health education was communicated in a MI style (verbal-only or with visual supplementation). One preventive oral health goal was selected to focus on. The home preventive behavior survey …
Determinants Of Abuse-Related Effects Of Monoamine Releasers In Rats, Clayton T. Bauer
Determinants Of Abuse-Related Effects Of Monoamine Releasers In Rats, Clayton T. Bauer
Theses and Dissertations
Monoamine releasers constitute a class of compounds that promote release of dopamine, serotonin, and/or norepinephrine. These compounds have a range of different uses in the medical setting, including treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity. A major limitation of many of these compounds (i.e. amphetamine, methamphetamine, phenmetrazine) is their propensity for abuse; however, not all monoamine releasers are abused (i.e. fenfluramine). The goal of this dissertation was to examine pharmacological determinants of abuse-related effects produced by monoamine releasers in two preclinical assays in rats: intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) and drug discrimination. First, this work confirmed and expanded upon previous …
Microbial Evaluation Of The Calamus Heated Gutta-Percha Delivery System, Christopher Smart Dds
Microbial Evaluation Of The Calamus Heated Gutta-Percha Delivery System, Christopher Smart Dds
Theses and Dissertations
If gutta-percha cartridges are contaminated with bacteria prior to obturation then contamination of the root canal system may result. Successful treatment not only depends on bacterial elimination but also depends on prevention of recontamination. This study was motivated by the observation that endodontists frequently use single use gutta-percha cartridges on multiple patients. The goal of this study was to determine if cross contamination occurred when a single gutta-percha cartridge in the Calamus™ Flow System was used on multiple patients. An effective recovery method was established during a pilot study using Enterococcus faecalis as a sample bacterium. Microbial recovery was obtained …
Comparative Analysis Of Waveone And Lightspeed Lsx For The Residual Dentin Thickness Of The Bifurcated Maxillary First Premolar Buccal Root Utilizing Limited Field Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Manpreet Singh Sarao
Comparative Analysis Of Waveone And Lightspeed Lsx For The Residual Dentin Thickness Of The Bifurcated Maxillary First Premolar Buccal Root Utilizing Limited Field Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Manpreet Singh Sarao
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to compare the thickness of dentin removed from the buccal root of bifurcated maxillary first premolars (BMFP) in the area of furcation groove after instrumentation with WaveOne and LightSpeed LSX files utilizing limited field cone beam computerized tomography. All data was analyzed using repeated-measured mixed-model ANOVA and differences were described using Tukey’s multiple comparison procedure. The thickness of dentin removed with LightSpeed LSX files (0.1 mm) was significantly less than the thickness of dentin removed with WaveOne files (0.2 mm). To conclude, LSX files remove a more predictable and consistent thickness of dentin from …
Effects Of Mu Opioid Receptor Agonists On Intracranial Self-Stimulation In The Absence And Presence Of “Pain” In Rats, Ahmad Altarifi
Effects Of Mu Opioid Receptor Agonists On Intracranial Self-Stimulation In The Absence And Presence Of “Pain” In Rats, Ahmad Altarifi
Theses and Dissertations
Pain is a significant health problem. Mu opioid receptor agonists are used clinically as analgesics, but their use is constrained by high abuse liability. Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) is a preclinical behavioral procedure that has been used to assess abuse potential of opioids, and drug-induced facilitation of ICSS is interpreted as an abuse-related effect. ICSS can also be used as a behavioral baseline to detect affective dimensions of pain. Specifically, pain-related depression of ICSS can model pain-related depression of behavior and mood, and drug-induced blockade of pain-related ICSS depression can serve as a measure of affective analgesia. This dissertation used mu …
A Comparison Of Rectangular Vs. Circular Radiographic Collimation During Simulated Endodontic Therapy, Tareq Alali
A Comparison Of Rectangular Vs. Circular Radiographic Collimation During Simulated Endodontic Therapy, Tareq Alali
Theses and Dissertations
Rectangular collimation is used in dentistry to reduce radiation by restricting the x-ray beam to approximately the size of a number 2 intraoral film (3.2X4.1 cm). However, this restricted beam size can lead to exposure errors. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the number of radiographs exposed and the presence of technical errors by the use of traditional circular or rectangular collimators during endodontic therapy on simulated teeth in manikins. A total of 1475 digital radiographs of 84 teeth exposed by 60 dental students were evaluated. Evaluation was done by a board certified endodontist, an endodontic resident, …
Accuracy Of Limited Field Cone Beam Computed Tomography In The Detection Of Buccal Cortical Plate Perforations Due To Periapical Lesions, Dan-Linh Ha
Theses and Dissertations
Pre-surgical planning for endodontic microsurgery is facilitated by the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The purpose of this study was to determine whether limited field CBCT accurately predicts buccal cortical plate perforations due to endodontic lesions. Thirty-five roots that underwent microsurgical root end resection were included in this study. Prior to the surgery, 90 voxel CBCTs were taken with a Carestream 9300. The scans were analyzed by an endodontic resident and oral radiologist to determine the presence of a perforation in the buccal plate. These findings were compared to the clinical appearance of the bone. There was a …
Comparison Of Oral Ketamine-Midazolam And Chloral Hydrate-Meperidine-Hydroxyzine Sedation Regimens In Pediatric Dentistry, David Merrell
Comparison Of Oral Ketamine-Midazolam And Chloral Hydrate-Meperidine-Hydroxyzine Sedation Regimens In Pediatric Dentistry, David Merrell
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to create an experimental design to compare the regimen of ketamine-midazolam to chloral hydrate-meperidine-hydroxyzine for moderate oral conscious sedation. Methods: Patients between 36 and 83 months of age have been randomly assigned to receive 1 of the 2 regimens. Dosages, times, and vital signs will be recorded. Procedures will be recorded on video for assessment of sedation level and behavior. Patients will be contacted to evaluate postoperative sleeping, discomfort, and amnesia. Data will be analyzed using two-group t-tests (TOST) of equivalence in means to compare the two groups across the study period. Results: …
The Impact Of Medicaid Reform On Dental Practice Setting, Barrett W. R. Peters
The Impact Of Medicaid Reform On Dental Practice Setting, Barrett W. R. Peters
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To assess the impact of dental Medicaid reform in Virginia on dental practice settings (private practice, corporate practice and safety net clinics). Methods: This retrospective cohort study of 16.2 million dental claims is from the Virginia Department of Medical Assistance Services, which included claims for providers participating in Virginia’s Medicaid program during a 10-year period (2002-2012). The dividing date for the reform was July 1, 2005. The outcome measure was mean claims per participating provider. A Poisson regression model was used to predict the mean number of claims per provider with the following predictors: reform period, practice setting, provider …
Effect Of Cannabinoids On Pain-Stimulated And Pain-Depressed Behavior In Rats, Andrew Kwilasz
Effect Of Cannabinoids On Pain-Stimulated And Pain-Depressed Behavior In Rats, Andrew Kwilasz
Theses and Dissertations
Cannabinoids produce antinociception in many preclinical models of acute and chronic pain. In contrast, cannabinoids produce inconsistent analgesia in humans, showing little or no efficacy in treating acute pain, with modest efficacy in treating chronic inflammatory pain. This discrepancy may reflect an overreliance on preclinical assays of pain-stimulated behaviors, defined as behaviors that increase in rate or intensity following delivery of a noxious stimulus. In these assays, antinociception is indicated by a reduction in pain-stimulated behaviors, and antinociception is produced either by a reduction in sensory sensitivity to the noxious stimulus (i.e. true analgesia) or by false positive motor impairment. …
Service-Learning Programs Impact On Dental Students' Confidence In Treating Pediatric Population, Bushra Bhatti
Service-Learning Programs Impact On Dental Students' Confidence In Treating Pediatric Population, Bushra Bhatti
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: In 2011, Clinical Service-Learning (DENS 762) became a formal university-designated course required to all senior dental students at VCU School of Dentistry. The interest of this study was to measure students' experience in treating pediatric patients and to determine the effect the course had on students' self-perceived confidence in treating the pediatric population. Methods: This was an observational study of the VCU class of 2012 who were enrolled in the clinical service-learning class. Following their service-learning rotations, fourth-year dental students were surveyed about their experiences on their service-learning rotation. Out of 105 students, 76 completed the survey. Results: The …
Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Changes Upon Smiling, Clayton Mcentire
Three-Dimensional Soft Tissue Changes Upon Smiling, Clayton Mcentire
Theses and Dissertations
As esthetic improvement continues to be a primary goal of orthodontic patients and practitioners, it is important to understand the soft tissue movements that occur during the transition from rest to smile. Advances in technology allow capture of 3-dimesional photographs. The purpose of this study was to quantify the soft tissue changes that occur upon smiling and to compare changes between males and females using 3-dimensional photography. Fifty-four participants had resting and smiling photographs taken with the 3dMDface camera system. The two images were registered on stable facial surfaces, landmarks were placed, and measurements were recorded. Three-dimensional changes occurred in …
Principled Variance Reduction Techniques For Real Time Patient-Specific Monte Carlo Applications Within Brachytherapy And Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Andrew Sampson
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation describes the application of two principled variance reduction strategies to increase the efficiency for two applications within medical physics. The first, called correlated Monte Carlo (CMC) applies to patient-specific, permanent-seed brachytherapy (PSB) dose calculations. The second, called adjoint-biased forward Monte Carlo (ABFMC), is used to compute cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scatter projections. CMC was applied for two PSB cases: a clinical post-implant prostate, and a breast with a simulated lumpectomy cavity. CMC computes the dose difference between the highly correlated dose computing homogeneous and heterogeneous geometries. The particle transport in the heterogeneous geometry assumed a purely homogeneous environment, …
Comparison Of Injection Discomfort And Anesthetic Duration Of Plain Polocaine Versus Epinephrine Containing Articaine And Lidocaine, Dana Doan
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To determine possible differences in the pain level and soft tissue anesthesia duration of plain polocaine versus epinephrine-containing articaine and lidocaine during intraoral injections. Methods: Forty-eight subjects received plain polocaine and one epinephrine-containing anesthetic. Injections were randomized according to the first injection a)left or right buccal sulcus and b)epinephrine or not. The second injections were the opposite conditions. Subjects then recorded discomfort on a VAS and the time anesthesia wore off. Result: The second injection’s pain rating was influenced by the first. This carry-over effect makes it impossible to analyze all of the data. An analysis of the first …
Influence Of Facial Profile On Social Perceptions: A 3d Video Imaging Study., Lisa Babb
Influence Of Facial Profile On Social Perceptions: A 3d Video Imaging Study., Lisa Babb
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of facial convexity on the perception of social attributes in a young adult population. Nine models were asked to pose for a 3 dimensional photograph that was then modified to represent ideal, retrognathic, and prognathic facial convexity angles. Survey evaluators were shown digital videos of models with ideal and non-ideal profiles and asked to rate their perception of the following 4 social attributes: intelligence, athleticism, popularity, and leadership ability using a visual analog scale. Results gathered from 271 evaluators showed that the model images with ideal facial convexity angles were …
Microbial Dna Receptor Expression In Chronic Periodontitis, Stephanie Voth
Microbial Dna Receptor Expression In Chronic Periodontitis, Stephanie Voth
Theses and Dissertations
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the expression of microbial nucleic acid receptors including Toll like receptor 9 “TLR-9”, DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors “DAI” and absent in melanoma “AIM-2” in chronic periodontitis (P) versus healthy (H) tissues. METHODS: 33 chronic periodontitis (P) and 27 periodontally-healthy (H) gingival biopsies were included. The gene and protein expression for each receptor was determined using real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Our results revealed statistically significant up-regulation of TLR-9 (p<0.006) and DAI (p<0.001) gene expression in P tissues compared to H sites. We were also able to demonstrate significant correlation among three DNA receptors (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry further confirmed the expression of DNA sensors in gingival tissues. CONCLUSION: This study highlights a possible role for nucleic acid sensing in periodontal inflammation. Further investigations will determine whether cytoplasmic receptors and their ligands can be targeted to improve clinical outcomes in periodontitis.
Attire And Appearance Of Orthodontists: A Survey Of Parent Preferences, Gillian Kelly
Attire And Appearance Of Orthodontists: A Survey Of Parent Preferences, Gillian Kelly
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to evaluate parents’ preferences of the appearance and attire of orthodontists. Six subjects were asked to pose for photographs wearing various combinations of attire (casual, scrubs, white coat, formal), hairstyle and nametag. Survey participants were presented with choice sets and asked to select the most and least preferred provider photographs. A total of 77 parents of orthodontic patients participated in the computer-based survey. The results indicated that there were significant differences due to provider sex (P = 0.0013), provider age (P < .0001), dress (P < .0001), nametag (P = 0.0065) and hair (P < .0001). The most preferred providers were the younger female and the older male. Formal attire or scrubs was the most preferred style of dress. There was also a preference for the use of a nametag and for the provider to have his/her hair in a controlled style.
The Influence Of Active Reminders On Oral Hygiene Compliance In Orthodontic Patients, Matthew Eppright
The Influence Of Active Reminders On Oral Hygiene Compliance In Orthodontic Patients, Matthew Eppright
Theses and Dissertations
Text message reminders have proven effective for positive behavioral changes in medicine, but their influence on oral hygiene compliance has never been tested. This study aimed to determine if text message reminders about oral hygiene have an influence on the level of compliance. In this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, 42 orthodontic patients were assigned to a text message or control group. Parents of patients assigned to the text message group received a reminder text message one weekday each week. Oral hygiene compliance was measured using bleeding index, modified gingival index, plaque index, and visual examination of white spot lesion …
Systematic Analysis Of Abc Transporters In Streptococcus Sanguinis, Sawsan Atia
Systematic Analysis Of Abc Transporters In Streptococcus Sanguinis, Sawsan Atia
Theses and Dissertations
The bacterium Streptococcus sanguinis is a primary member of the human oral microflora and also has been recognized as a key player in the bacterial colonization of the mouth. It is considered the most common viridians streptococcal species implicated in infective endocarditis. In all kingdoms of life, ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are essential to many cellular functions. Sequencing of the SK36 genome provided the opportunity to study ABC transporter mutants and their relationship with acidity of the oral environment. Despite numerous studies that have focused on carbohydrate uptake systems in closely related streptococcal species such as S. mutans, S. …
Uncovering The Molecular Pathways Of Mbd5 In Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Sureni Mullegama
Uncovering The Molecular Pathways Of Mbd5 In Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Sureni Mullegama
Theses and Dissertations
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) are a growing public health concern. These complex disorders cause failure of normal brain development, which leads to intellectual disability (ID) or autism in 3% of children. Accurate diagnosis of NDs is difficult due to complex overlapping phenotypes. Moreover, associations between phenotypically similar NDs and their overlapping molecular mechanisms remain unidentified. The chromosome 2q23.1 region is a newly discovered disease region. We have recently identified a novel ND, 2q23.1 deletion syndrome. The phenotype includes severe ID, significantly delayed speech, behavioral problems, seizures and short stature. This syndrome shares characteristics in common with other genetic syndromes, including Smith-Magenis …
Two-Component System Response Regulators Involved In Virulence Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Tigr4 In Infective Endocarditis, My Trihn, Xiuchun Ge, Alleson Dobson, Todd Kitten, Cindy Munro, Ping Xu
Two-Component System Response Regulators Involved In Virulence Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Tigr4 In Infective Endocarditis, My Trihn, Xiuchun Ge, Alleson Dobson, Todd Kitten, Cindy Munro, Ping Xu
Philips Institute for Oral Health Research Publications
Streptococci resident in the oral cavity have been linked to infective endocarditis (IE). While other viridans streptococci are commonly studied in relation to IE, less research has been focused on Streptococcus pneumoniae. We established for the first time an animal model of S. pneumoniae IE, and examined the virulence of the TIGR4 strain in this model. We hypothesized that two-component systems (TCS) may mediate S. pneumoniae TIGR4 strain virulence in IE and examined TCS response regulator (RR) mutants of TIGR4 in vivo with the IE model. Thirteen of the 14 RR protein genes were mutagenized, excluding only the essential …
Development, Disease, And Regeneration Of Tissues In The Dental-Craniofacial Complex, Brian L. Foster, Yong-Hee P. Chun, Erica L. Scheller, Zhao Lin, Chad M. Novince, Avina Paranjpe
Development, Disease, And Regeneration Of Tissues In The Dental-Craniofacial Complex, Brian L. Foster, Yong-Hee P. Chun, Erica L. Scheller, Zhao Lin, Chad M. Novince, Avina Paranjpe
Periodontics Publications
This article has no abstract.
Relationship Between Untreated Dental Caries And Weight And Height Of 6- To 12-Year-Old Primary School Children In Bangladesh, Masuma Pervin Mishu, Martin Hobdell, Mahfujul Haq Khan, Richard M. Hubbard, Wael Sabbah
Relationship Between Untreated Dental Caries And Weight And Height Of 6- To 12-Year-Old Primary School Children In Bangladesh, Masuma Pervin Mishu, Martin Hobdell, Mahfujul Haq Khan, Richard M. Hubbard, Wael Sabbah
Dental Public Health and Policy Publications
Background. Children in low-income developing countries are likely to suffer from undergrowth. Dental caries is another common problem in these countries. Aim. To examine the association between untreated dental caries in primary and permanent teeth with age-adjusted height and weight among 6–12-year-old children in Bangladesh. Design. Social, behavioural, and clinical data were collected from 1699 children in nine different randomly selected primary schools in socially deprived areas of Bangladesh. The associations of age-adjusted weight and height and being underweight with dental caries were examined adjusting for sex, area of residence, socioeconomic position, skipping meals, tooth cleaning, and …
Biomedical Informatics For Computer-Aided Decision Support Systems: A Survey, Ashwin Belle, Mark A. Kon, Kayvan Najarian
Biomedical Informatics For Computer-Aided Decision Support Systems: A Survey, Ashwin Belle, Mark A. Kon, Kayvan Najarian
Computer Science Publications
The volumes of current patient data as well as their complexity make clinical decision making more challenging than ever for physicians and other care givers. This situation calls for the use of biomedical informatics methods to process data and form recommendations and/or predictions to assist such decision makers. The design, implementation, and use of biomedical informatics systems in the form of computer-aided decision support have become essential and widely used over the last two decades. This paper provides a brief review of such systems, their application protocols and methodologies, and the future challenges and directions they suggest.
Medical Literary Messenger (Vol. 1, No. 1, Fall 2013)
Medical Literary Messenger (Vol. 1, No. 1, Fall 2013)
Medical Literary Messenger
Before the Laying On / Robert Eastwood -- When the Medical Student Teaches / M. Hoya -- Lesion / Stacy R. Nigliazzo -- The Way Back To Childhood / Christopher Woods -- The Uselessness of Our Hands / Sean Prentiss -- Never Forget You Work in Oncology / Lorraine Waltz -- Going Down / Thom Schwarz -- Past Curfew, At a Time Past (1964) / Barbara A. Carrington -- Approaching Shadows / Christopher Woods -- Virginia Nature / Hannah Kim -- Is Six Always Six / Ken Staley -- Cheers (Desvenlafaxine) / Nick D’Annunzio Jones -- Arm Dissection, MCV Gross …
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 1, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 1, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal
No abstract provided.
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 2, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 2, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal
No abstract provided.
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 3, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 3, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal
No abstract provided.
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 4, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 90, No. 4, 2013)
Virginia Dental Journal
No abstract provided.