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Articles 1 - 30 of 99
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Allies And Partners In Latin American And The Caribbean, Leland Lazarus, Robert Furton
Allies And Partners In Latin American And The Caribbean, Leland Lazarus, Robert Furton
Research Publications
Latin America and the Caribbean are expanding their global ties beyond U.S.-China competition, engaging with diverse partners like Canada, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and the European Union. These relationships span various sectors, from renewable energy investments by the EU to development projects funded by Taiwan and Japan in Central America. African nations are also enhancing trade, and South Korean investments, like a $4 billion lithium mine in Argentina, exemplify this growing international collaboration. This report catalogs LAC countries budding relations with countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and North America; and showcases the aid these countries are …
Triads, Snakeheads, And Flying Money: The Underworld Of Chinese Criminal Networks In Latin America And The Caribbean, Leland Lazarus, Alexander Gocso
Triads, Snakeheads, And Flying Money: The Underworld Of Chinese Criminal Networks In Latin America And The Caribbean, Leland Lazarus, Alexander Gocso
Research Publications
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Chinese individuals, gangs, and companies engaging in illicit activities in Latin America and the Caribbean. Our methodology was to research academic literature, news articles, press releases, official statements, and podcasts in Spanish, Portuguese, Mandarin and English, as well as conduct off-the-record interviews with U.S. and LAC intelligence and law enforcement officials to ascertain growing trends in Chinese criminal behavior in the region.
China’S Charm Offensive In Latin America And The Caribbean: A Comprehensive Analysis Of China’S Strategic Communication Strategy Across The Region [Part Ii: Influencing The Media], Pablo Baisotti
Research Publications
This report will analyze China’s communication strategy in LAC through the action of the Chinese media and its foreign media networks as a tool to influence LAC in favor of the CCP’s ideological objectives. It will also seek to understand the functioning of the vast network of print, audiovisual, and digital media owned by the Chinese government and LAC groups that serve the purpose of the Chinese regime. News outlets such as the Xinhua News Agency, the People’s Daily, China Radio International, China Central Television (CCTV), CGTN Español, and China Today are strategic and geopolitical tools that seek to repeat, …
[Brazil] Deconstructing Cyber Security In Brazil: Threats And Responses, Diniz, Robert Muggah, Misha Glenny
[Brazil] Deconstructing Cyber Security In Brazil: Threats And Responses, Diniz, Robert Muggah, Misha Glenny
Security Research Hub Reports
Brazil is doubling down on its cyber-security architecture while simultaneously consolidating its emerging power status. Although organized crime is one of the major threats to Brazilian cyberspace, are focused instead on military solutions better suited to the exceptional case of warfare. There is less emphasis on expanding law enforcement capabilities to identify and respond to cyber-crime and related digital malfeasance. Due to the absence of a unified government position on the issue or reliable data, Brazil has evolved an imbalanced approach to cyber-security. If Brazil is to rebalance its approach, it needs to fill knowledge gaps. At a minimum, policy …
Colombia: Coca Price Crash Offers Opportunities And Challenges In The Fight Against Narcotrafficking, Juan Rojas
Colombia: Coca Price Crash Offers Opportunities And Challenges In The Fight Against Narcotrafficking, Juan Rojas
Security Research Hub Reports
In recent months, the price of coca, the raw plant used to make cocaine, collapsed by as much as 50 percent in Colombia, while coca buyers have seemingly all but disappeared. In the country’s most impoverished regions, where hundreds of thousands of families depend on the crop for their livelihood, coca growers are resorting to stashing kilos of coca paste at home, waiting for buyers, Spanish daily El País reported.
Mexican Cartels Bolster Foothold And Alliances In Colombia, Juan Rojas
Mexican Cartels Bolster Foothold And Alliances In Colombia, Juan Rojas
Security Research Hub Reports
Between 2018 and 2022, Colombia’s Ombudsman Office emitted more than 20 alerts that affiliates of Mexico’s largest and most powerful cartels were active on Colombian soil. Some 40 Mexican nationals, according to the Ombudsman Office, were behind bars for drug trafficking charges in Colombia as of early 2023.
Tracking Elusive And Shifting Identities Of The Global Fishing Fleet, Jaeyoon Park, Jennifer Van Osdel, Joanna Turner, Courtney M. Farthing, Nathan A. Miller, Hannah L. Linder, Guillermo Ortuno Crespo, Gabrielle Carmine, David A. Kroosma
Tracking Elusive And Shifting Identities Of The Global Fishing Fleet, Jaeyoon Park, Jennifer Van Osdel, Joanna Turner, Courtney M. Farthing, Nathan A. Miller, Hannah L. Linder, Guillermo Ortuno Crespo, Gabrielle Carmine, David A. Kroosma
Security Research Hub Reports
Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing costs billions of dollars per year and is enabled by vessels obfuscating their identity. Here, we combine identities of ~35,000 vessels with a decade of GPS data to provide a global assessment of fishing compliance, reflagging patterns, and fishing by foreign-owned vessels. About 17% of high seas fishing is by potentially unauthorized or internationally unregulated vessels, with hot spots of this activity in the west Indian and the southwest Atlantic Oceans. In addition, reflagging, a tactic often used to obscure oversight, occurs in just a few ports primarily by fleets with high foreign ownership. …
Firearms Trafficking In The Caribbean: Haiti’S Unrest And The Neighbors Next Door, Felix Martiniez
Firearms Trafficking In The Caribbean: Haiti’S Unrest And The Neighbors Next Door, Felix Martiniez
Security Research Hub Reports
Firearms trafficking is one of the main drivers of the Caribbean’s soaring violence, with Haiti reaching a breaking point. The country not only currently faces a catastrophic humanitarian situation and gang-related violence, but also a firearms crisis created and fueled by transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) operating in and around Haiti and threatening the security of neighboring countries.
The Impact Of War In Ukraine On Latin America And The Caribbean, David J. Kramer, Vladimir Rouvinski, Andrei Serbin Pont
The Impact Of War In Ukraine On Latin America And The Caribbean, David J. Kramer, Vladimir Rouvinski, Andrei Serbin Pont
Research Publications
Russia ́s invasion of Ukraine caused a shockwave that left no region in the world untouched as international surprise led to various reactions by national governments of different political and ideological inclinations. As such, Latin America and the Caribbean was no exception. The region has been fertile terrain for Russian diplomatic and military engagement over the last two decades, and several countries have found Russia a credible partner and supplier of a wide range of goods and services. This collection of short essays analyses how the conflict created challenges as well as potential opportunities in the region.
Toc As A Growing Threat To Regional, Global Security, Marcus A. Boyd, Samuel Henkin
Toc As A Growing Threat To Regional, Global Security, Marcus A. Boyd, Samuel Henkin
Global Security Review
No abstract provided.
Beyond The Great Powers: Challenges For Understanding Cyber Operations In Latin America, Louise Marie Hurel
Beyond The Great Powers: Challenges For Understanding Cyber Operations In Latin America, Louise Marie Hurel
Global Security Review
No abstract provided.
Letter From The Director, Brian Fonseca
Strategic Competition: Russian And Chinese Influence In Latin America And The Caribbean
Strategic Competition: Russian And Chinese Influence In Latin America And The Caribbean
Global Security Review
This second edition of the Global Security Review analyzes the changing political, cultural, and technological environments of the Twenty-First Century. Articles were provided by preeminent scholars such as Hal Brands, Ryan Berg, Margaret Myers, Vladimir Rouvinski, Betilde Muñoz-Pogossian, Diego Chaves-González, Louise Marie Hurel, Marcus Boyd and Samuel Henkin. They address issues including the ongoing strategic competition in the Western Hemisphere, China’s COVID-19 diplomacy in Latin America, Russian objectives in controlling the narrative through the media, the effect of natural disasters on migration, regional outlooks on cyber operations and norms, and the broadening scope of transnational organized crime networks.
Fish Crimes In The Global Oceans, Dyhia Belhabib, Phillippe Le Billon
Fish Crimes In The Global Oceans, Dyhia Belhabib, Phillippe Le Billon
Security Research Hub Reports
This study provides a global assessment of the linkages between observed fisheries-related offenses across the world’s oceans between 2000 and 2020. We analyze data from the largest existing repository with 6853 events reporting offenses across 18 fishing-related categories, including illegal fishing, human rights abuses, and smuggling. We find that at least 33% of all recorded offenses are associated with 450 industrial vessels and 20 companies originating from China, the EU, and tax haven jurisdictions. We observe links between various types of offenses for 779 vessels, with such “transversal criminality” involving 2000 offenses and crimes globally. This study demonstrates the ability …
Extortion: The Backbone Of Criminal Activity In Latin America, Lucia Dammert
Extortion: The Backbone Of Criminal Activity In Latin America, Lucia Dammert
Research Publications
Extortion is a phenomenon that can be understood from various disciplines, such as economics, criminology, the political sciences, and sociology. Each of these fields of knowledge emphasizes either the system or economic models under which extortionists and victims operate, the short- or long-term relationship sought by establishing simple or complex extortion mechanisms, the political relationship between extortionists and victims, or citizens’ perceptions of the institutional framework, which can serve as a gateway for criminal groups to create ties of protection through extortion. This report sheds light on the importance of extortive practices in Latin America. It is based on qualitative …
Contactless, Crypto, And Cash: Laundering Illicit Profits In The Age Of Covid-19, Calum Inverarity, Gareth Price, Courtney Rice, Christopher Sabatini
Contactless, Crypto, And Cash: Laundering Illicit Profits In The Age Of Covid-19, Calum Inverarity, Gareth Price, Courtney Rice, Christopher Sabatini
Research Publications
Travel restrictions and lockdowns have forced changes to the traditional means illicit groups have used to launder their ill-gotten profits. This paper explores whether COVID-19 may have affected these processes through three main channels: increased reliance on cryptocurrencies to move and launder funds tied to illicit activity; the expanded use of the internet through e-commerce sites to continue and expand trade mispricing practices to move illicit funds; and the use of FinTech and peer-to-peer payment services to transfer illicit funds.
The Ecosystem Of Illegal Gold Mining, Livia Wagner
The Ecosystem Of Illegal Gold Mining, Livia Wagner
Research Publications
Criminal groups quickly recognized that controlling large swaths of land and illicit and legitimate enterprises linked to illegal gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon enabled them to generate larger profit margins with fewer risks due to the lack of a government law enforcement presence. Gold constitutes an ideal medium for criminal groups to launder proceeds obtained from other illegal activities. Compared to other natural resources and illicit goods, gold is valuable by volume. Also, COVID-19 is not only having an impact on the global economy and surging unemployment. It is driving gold prices to historical record highs since 2012, leading …
Tussle For The Amazon: New Frontiers In Brazil's Organized Crime Landscape, Ryan C. Berg
Tussle For The Amazon: New Frontiers In Brazil's Organized Crime Landscape, Ryan C. Berg
Research Publications
Brazil is witnessing a “tussle for the Amazon”—a new and deadly phase in the history of its organized crime groups and their operations. While the country is no stranger to violent criminal organizations, recent years have seen groups building increasingly sophisticated networks, both within and beyond Brazil’s borders. In the strategic state of Amazonas, these developments have sparked a power struggle between several of the country’s largest criminal organizations that has concerning implications for the stability of Brazil as a whole. This “tussle” is more than a mere clash between Brazil’s transnational organized crime groups. It is a threat to …
The Cycle Of Risk: Impact Of Climate Change On Security Challenges In The Caribbean, Wazim Mowla
The Cycle Of Risk: Impact Of Climate Change On Security Challenges In The Caribbean, Wazim Mowla
Research Publications
The intersection of climate change and security has geopolitical considerations for Caribbean countries and the United States. Addressing climate change through recovery, resilience, and adaptation requires significant financing. In an indebted region, most governments will look elsewhere before agreeing to accept new loans from international financial institutions. Caribbean decision-makers are pragmatic actors, meaning there are opportunities for U.S. counterparts, such as China and Russia, to strengthen diplomatic ties by offering aid or low-interest loans to governments and others on a smaller scale, such as Venezuela and Cuba. Resilient recovery, access to low-interest financing, expansion of the regional security system, and …
Fishing For Security, Daniel Schaeffer
Fishing For Security, Daniel Schaeffer
Research Publications
Often viewed through a myopic lens as an environmental issue or one relegated to fisheries authorities, illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing affects all coastal nations in the Western Hemisphere and has national security implications on the United States. A regional problem requires a regional solution and greater cooperation across agencies, private industry, and governments. Actions to address IUU fishing in Latin America have the potential to achieve greater aims of maritime security in the region. The report will frame the problem of IUU fishing by first highlighting its overall impacts globally and regionally. Food security, employment, national revenue, and …
Developing Methodologies To Assess Organized Crime Strategies In Latin America, Mark Ungar
Developing Methodologies To Assess Organized Crime Strategies In Latin America, Mark Ungar
Research Publications
Because of the increasingly organized and lethal nature of criminality in Latin America and the Caribbean, organized crime policy may be the single most important safeguard for regional security. A policy-relevant understanding requires disentangling these crimes’ many overlapping sources, removing embedded layers of methodological obstruction, and attuning responses with organized crime practice. Using embedded mixed methods to incorporate the ways in which available quantitative data and policies reflect the qualitative conditions of the agencies and processes that produce it, this report works to identify these broken, frayed or invisible inter-connections through a methodological framework as broadly flexible as the criminality …
Environmental Explanations Of Central American Migration: Challenges And Policy Recommendations, Betilde Muñoz-Pogossian, Diego Chaves-González
Environmental Explanations Of Central American Migration: Challenges And Policy Recommendations, Betilde Muñoz-Pogossian, Diego Chaves-González
Research Publications
In this report, the authors argue that when countries and relevant stakeholders do not prioritize disaster preparedness and foster community resilience, extreme climate events can deplete people’s material and socioeconomic well-being. This results in internal displacement as people seek economic opportunities and social protection, which may exacerbate conflict and social tension in the cities they move to. Ultimately, this helps explain one unexamined consideration driving migration to the United States from the Northern Triangle countries.
Militarism And The Militarization Of Public Security In Latin America And The Caribbean, Carlos Solar
Militarism And The Militarization Of Public Security In Latin America And The Caribbean, Carlos Solar
Research Publications
While the effects of militarism and militarization toward security are evident in the Americas, most notably transmitted via images of soldiers complementing and replacing law enforcement agencies at times of social crisis, this report seeks potential answers to what this means in theory and practice. The author does this in two ways. First, it unpacks an up-to-date understanding of militarism and militarization aiming to feed academic and policy debates with a perspective on what citizens in Latin America and the Caribbean think. Second, it expands knowledge of militarism and militarization informing security and defense planners, specifically those preparing tailored policies …
Adolescent Social Networks And Violence In Rural Colombia, Ana L. Rodriguez De La Rosa
Adolescent Social Networks And Violence In Rural Colombia, Ana L. Rodriguez De La Rosa
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines violence in adolescent social networks in the context of a rural and resource-limited community in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Utilizing mixed methods data (focus groups and surveys) from 242 school-enrolled adolescents, three empirical studies explored adolescent violence experiences in their community, school, and intimate partner violence relationships. Study one utilizes a social complexity framework and mixed methods design to address victimization. Social network data showed that adolescents' psychological and physical violence victimizations occurred across their community, household, school, and emotionally adverse relationships; and were more likely in girl-nominated relationships, a relationship that shared more alters or …
Is Plan Colombia A Model? An Analysis Of Counternarcotics Strategies In Colombia, Jonathan D. Rosen, Bruce M. Bagley
Is Plan Colombia A Model? An Analysis Of Counternarcotics Strategies In Colombia, Jonathan D. Rosen, Bruce M. Bagley
Global Security Review
This article examines Plan Colombia, which began as a counternarcotics program in 2000. The U.S. has allocated more than $8 billion to the country via Plan Colombia from 2000 to 2012. The article examines some of the successes of Plan Colombia. Some experts and policymakers have touted Plan Colombia as a model for other countries facing problems with drug trafficking, organized crime, and insurgency. This work focuses on the lessons learned from Plan Colombia and provides a critical perspective of the concept of models.
Global Security Review Volume 1, 2017, The Jack Gordon Institute Of Public Policy Florida International University
Global Security Review Volume 1, 2017, The Jack Gordon Institute Of Public Policy Florida International University
Global Security Review
No abstract provided.
Why Leave Home, Marcus A. Boyd
Why Leave Home, Marcus A. Boyd
Security Research Hub Reports
For residents of the Northern Triangle countries (Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala) deciding to leave home temporarily or permanently to settle in another country is complex and predicated on various factors. Many populations in the Northern Triangle face strong organized criminal elements that use extortion and threats of violence to secure capital. El Salvador and Honduras have the highest homicide rates in Central America. Honduras and Guatemala are two of the highest ranked countries for femicide globally. According to results from Latin America Barometer (2018), one in five respondents from the Northern Triangle had been a victim of a crime …
Haiti: Earthquake Situation Report No. 4 (7 September 2021), Relief Web
Haiti: Earthquake Situation Report No. 4 (7 September 2021), Relief Web
Security Research Hub Reports
This report was produced by OCHA Haiti with contributions from United Nations Agencies, Funds and Programmes, nongovernmental organizations and humanitarian partners.
Hopelessness And Corruption: Overlooked Drivers Of Migration From The Northern Triangle Of Central America, Joy Olson, Eric L. Olson
Hopelessness And Corruption: Overlooked Drivers Of Migration From The Northern Triangle Of Central America, Joy Olson, Eric L. Olson
Research Publications
This work briefly reviews the complex web of factors traditionally considered migration drivers. The authors’ interviews with migrants and their own work on anti-corruption efforts in Central America led them to hypothesize that something is missing from this traditional framework. Interviews with migrants in transit suggested that beyond any individual or combination of factors stood a profound lack of hope that the situation in their home country would improve.
Why Are Tourist Resorts Attractive For Transnational Crime? The Case Of The Mayan Riviera, Elisa Norio
Why Are Tourist Resorts Attractive For Transnational Crime? The Case Of The Mayan Riviera, Elisa Norio
Security Research Hub Reports
The relationships between tourist resorts and transnational crime are rarely analyzed systematically. This paper begins to fill this gap by examining how organized crime groups and individuals linked to them can take advantage of tourist resorts to commit crimes.