Digital Commons Network^™

A Neutrosophic Event-Graph Legal Ai System For Detecting Contradictions In Witness Testimonies Under Egyptian Law, Shimaa Abdelghany Attalla, Alaa Elmor, Nada Hesham, Abduallah Gamal

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Witness testimony is an important source of evidence in criminal proceedings, but it may contain contradictions, incomplete details, or conflicts with other case-file materials. This paper proposes a neutrosophic event-graph legal AI framework for detecting materially contested claims in witness testimonies under the Egyptian criminal-procedure context. The framework converts testimony and related records into structured claims containing actor, action, object, time, location, source, and modality. These claims are then connected through an event graph and evaluated using neutrosophic components of support, indeterminacy, and opposition. The system produces source-grounded legal-review alerts when a claim has sufficient opposition from other claims or …

N-Dqn: Neutrosophic Deep Q-Network For Uncertainty-Aware Forecasting And Decision Optimization, Rania Lutfi

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Uncertainty remains a critical challenge in dynamic spatiotemporal forecasting. This study proposes the Neutrosophic Deep Q-Network (N-DQN), a framework that integrates neutrosophic logic with deep reinforcement learning to enhance decision optimization under uncertainty. Features are modeled through truth, indeterminacy, and falsity membership functions, enabling robust handling of ambiguous data. The framework incorporates attention-guided preprocessing and horizon-aware optimization to adapt predictions across short- and long-term intervals. Experiments on benchmark traffic datasets (METR-LA and PEMS-BAY) demonstrate improved forecasting accuracy and reduced error rates compared with established baselines. The results highlight the scalability and resilience of N-DQN, positioning it as a promising approach …

Integrating Mcdm Techniques For Optimized Task Offloading In Multi-Uav- Enaled Mobile Edge Computing System, Amira Salam

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Carefully choosing a task offloading strategy is crucial for optimizing task scheduling and offloading strategies in a multi-UAV system. Regarding cost, responsiveness, scalability, and data security, each strategy has pros and cons. As a result, selecting the best offloading technique is essential to multi-UAV mobile edge computing task scheduling optimization. A methodical and well-informed decision-making process accomplishes this.

The current study introduces a new hybrid methodology for the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model, known as IVNs-DEMATEL-ANP-VIKOR. The purpose of this model is to find and choose an efficient task offloading strategy. With this method, we use IVNs-DEMATEL to show how different …

Soil Fertility Forecasting With Neutrosophic-Based Uncertainty Management, Franklin Parrales-Bravo, Roberto Tolozano-Benites, Dayron Rumbaut-Rangel

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study presents a machine learning framework that combines Random Forest classification with neutrosophic logic to predict soil fertility from 16 physicochemical properties. The model achieves robust classification accuracy (95%) while introducing a novel uncertainty quantification mechanism through neutrosophic truth (T ), indeterminacy (I) and falsity (F ) values derived from prediction probabilities, assigning high-confidence (T = 0.9) to probabilities ≥0.9, indeterminacy (I = 0.3) to borderline cases (0.5≤p

Analysis Of Customer Perception Of A New Product Using The Neutrosophic Biplot Method, Purificación Galindo-Villardón

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper sought to propose and apply the Neutrosophic Biplot analysis method to understand consumer perception of a new technological product with uncertain attributes while addressing the shortcomings that a conventional approach would present. Data was collected through a survey experiment with neutrosophic rating scales where 50 subjects slid on one scale to indicate how much they agreed (A), were neutral, or indifferent (I), and disagreed (D) about each of the eight features of a new smartphone they received. A neutrosophic data matrix was formed and converted into a real-valued matrix using a scoring function, allowing for the application of …

Neutrosophic-Logistic Hybrid Model To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Penitentiary Policies And Their Impact On Criminal Recidivism In Ecuador, Ignacio Fernando Barcos Arias, Jennifer Angelina Almagro Triana, Ariana Michelle Mazacón Campoverde, Jason Guayaquil Cobo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study aims to develop a hybrid model that combines neutrosophic logic with logistic regression to evaluate the effectiveness of prison policies in Ecuador and their impact on criminal recidivism. The central problem lies in the inefficiency of the Ecuadorian prison system, characterized by high levels of intra-prison violence, deficiencies in rehabilitation and social reintegration programs, and a rising recidivism rate among inmates. This situation is exacerbated by the employment discrimination that ex-offenders face when reintegrating into society, which limits their opportunities and encourages the repetition of criminal behavior. The methodology applied was a mixed approach, with a non-experimental cross-sectional …

Neutrosophic Likert Scale To Assess The User Satisfaction With Retail Software Developed By Software Engineering Students, Franklin Parrales-Bravo, José Agurto-Pincay, Roberto Tolozano-Benites, Elvis Arteaga-Yaguar, Leonel Vasquez-Cevallos, Lorenzo Cevallos-Torres, Dayron Rumbaut-Rangel, Víctor Gómez-Rodríguez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study aimed to evaluate user satisfaction with retail software developed by Software Engineering students using a Neutrosophic Likert Scale, which captures agreement, indeterminacy, and disagreement dimensions to better reflect real-world user perceptions. The results demonstrated high agreement scores (mean ∼0.75) across key characteristics such as ease of use, speed, and response quality, indicating strong user satisfaction, while moderate indeterminacy scores (mean ∼0.25–0.75) highlighted areas for minor improvements. The study’s key contributions include the application of neutrosophic logic to assess software usability, validation of the student’s technical and managerial competencies, and actionable insights for enhancing system performance and user experience.

Integrating Random Forest With Neutrosophic Logic For Predicting Student Academic Performance And Assessing Prediction Confidence, Franklin Parrales-Bravo, Roberto Tolozano-Benites, Alexander Castro-Mora, Leonel Vasquez-Cevallos, Elsy Rodríguez-Revelo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study proposes a hybrid approach to predict students’ final academic performance in a mathematics course by integrating Random Forest, a supervised machine learning model, with neutrosophic logic to assess prediction reliability. The objective is to improve educational forecasting by not only predicting grades but also quantifying the confidence of each prediction through neutrosophic components—truth (T), indeterminacy (I), and falsity (F). The model was trained on a dataset of demographic, academic, and social attributes from Portuguese schools, achieving robust performance (MAE = 1.54, R2 = 0.61). Key contributions include: (1) a framework for transparent AI-assisted decision-making in education, (2) actionable …

A Hybrid Neutrosophic And Machine Learning Model For Assessing Environmental Literacy In Biodiversity Conservation., Pablo Santiago López Freire, Jocelyn Estefanía Morocho Hidalgo, Leslye Pamela Calderón, Andy Stiwer Jhostin Quiroz

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study proposes the hybrid NEAML-BIOPASTAZA (Neutrosophic and Explainable Artificial Learning) mod-el for Biodiversity and Legal-Ecological Assessment in Pastaza, which integrates multivariate statistical analysis, neutrosophic logic, and supervised machine learning to assess the relationship between environmental literacy and the effectiveness of the legal framework for biodiversity conservation in the Pastaza canton. Using a data-base of 350 observations, exploratory factor analysis was applied to validate the latent structure of the "envi-ronmental literacy" construct, considering variables such as legal knowledge, biodiversity perception, commu-nity participation, and media exposure. To manage the uncertainty inherent in social responses, a neutrosophic model was implemented, capturing the …

Strategies For Harmonic Mitigation In Water Pumping Systems Using Neutrosophic Logic., Jefferson A. Porras, Luis R. Curipoma, Byron P. Corrales, Jorge L. Villarroel

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study analyzed harmonic contamination in Quillán 1 and Quillán 2 pumping stations, characterizing the electrical system conditions and proposing solutions that addressed actual operational requirements. High levels of harmonic distortion were identified, particularly in 5th and 7th order harmonics, which exceeded the limits established by national regulations, despite the system presenting adequate energy utilization. To select the most appropriate mitigation strategy, the TOPSIS method under neutrosophic logic was applied, which allowed the integration of expert perception and the inherent indetermination margins of such systems. This logic, which simultaneously considers degrees of truth, falsehood, and uncertainty, enabled the evaluation of …

Towards Explainable And Robust Nlp: Neutrosophic Probability Augmentation In Text Classification, Nabil M. Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Khalid A. Eldrandaly

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The rapid growth of textual data necessitates advanced text classification models. However, traditional methods struggle with ambiguity and uncertainty in natural language, reducing classification reliability. To address this, we integrate neutrosophic logic, which explicitly models truth, indeterminacy, and falsity, into a DistilBERT-based text classification framework. Additionally, we employ data augmentation using synonym replacement to enhance generalization. Our approach is evaluated on the AG News dataset, classifying articles into four categories: World, Sports, Business, and Science/Technology. By incorporating neutrosophic attributes, the proposed framework assesses text quality, mitigates uncertainty, and improves robustness against ambiguous inputs. Experimental results demonstrate an accuracy of 94.10%, …

A Comprehensive Intelligent Traffic Monitoring System Based On A Novel Integration Of Neutrosophic Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques, Mai Mohamed, Amira Salam, Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain, Muhammad Gulistan

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

With the spread of road accidents and traffic congestion that costs countries and governments a lot of money in addition to the loss of human lives, and since traditional methods of monitoring traffic have not been as effective as desired, attention has been drawn to the search for more effective solutions to the problem of monitoring and regulating traffic. With the spread of technology and the Internet of Things, UAVs have emerged as a promising tool for monitoring traffic, as they can fly for a sufficient period and operate in difficult climatic conditions, in addition to their ability to monitor …

A Comprehensive Intelligent Traffic Monitoring System Based On A Novel Integration Of Neutrosophic Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques, Mai Mohamed, Amira Salam, Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain, Muhammad Gulistan

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

With the spread of road accidents and traffic congestion that costs countries and governments a lot of money in addition to the loss of human lives, and since traditional methods of monitoring traffic have not been as effective as desired, attention has been drawn to the search for more effective solutions to the problem of monitoring and regulating traffic. With the spread of technology and the Internet of Things, UAVs have emerged as a promising tool for monitoring traffic, as they can fly for a sufficient period and operate in difficult climatic conditions, in addition to their ability to monitor …

A Neutrosophic Approach To Analyzing Determining Factors In Rimpe Tax Collection In Ecuador, Myrian Del Rocío Hidalgo Achig, Mayra Alexandra Chicaiza Herrera, Bryan Marcelo Barragán Pazmiño

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study analyzed the factors influencing tax collection under the RIMPE regime in Ecuador, applying neutro-sophic logic to address the uncertainty and ambiguity inherent in decision-making within fiscal analysis. The employed methodology included an adaptation of the ELECTRE I method with bipolar neutrosophic numbers, enabling the integration of diverse perspectives into the decision-making process. The results obtained high-lighted the simplicity of the regime and the control of the SRI as the most influential factors in fiscal revenue col-lection. The approach applied in the study facilitates a more accurate and efficient evaluation of fiscal policies, promoting greater equity and efficiency in …

Neutrosophic Analysis Of Strategies To Improve Productivity In An Restaurant Chain, Efrén Gonzalo Montenegro Cueva, Milena Alejandra Napa Alcívar

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The study analyzed productivity in an Ecuadorian restaurant chain using a multicriteria approach within a neu-trosophic framework. The research focused on identifying effective strategies to optimize processes and address-ing specific challenges such as staff turnover and compensation management. The TOPSIS method, combined with bipolar neutrosophic numbers, was employed to evaluate a group of strategies based on high-impact crite-ria. The results highlighted the implementation of economic incentives, training and retention programs, and performance management systems as the most effective alternatives. In contrast, internal communication cam-paigns and flexible schedules were found to be less prioritized. The research demonstrated the utility of neutro-sophic …

Applying Neutrosophic Natural Language Processing To Analyze Complex Phenomena In Interdisciplinary Contexts, Diego Fernando Coka Flores, Ignacio Fernando Barcos Arias, María Elena Infante Miranda, Omar Mar Cornelio

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The paper addresses the challenge of integrating natural language processing (NLP) with neutrosophic logic to solve problems where uncertainty, ambiguity, and indeterminacy play a critical role. This approach becomes particularly relevant in an increasingly digitalized world, where human-machine interaction requires a deeper understanding of linguistic and contextual nuances. Despite advances in conventional NLP, many existing methodologies lack tools to effectively manage undefined or contradictory elements present in real data. In this context, neutrosophic logic offers an innovative framework to model and analyze complex and multifaceted human perceptions. The study applies a methodology that combines advanced NLP techniques with neutrosophic analytical …

Application Of The Plithogenic Iadov Approach To Evaluate Satisfaction With The Implementation Of Indigenous Rights, Gıovanna Fernanda Vınueza Arroyo, Tanya Tupamara Camargo Martinez, Manuel Augusto Suarez Albıñol, Joffre R. Paladines Rodriguez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The present study addresses a crucial challenge in the evaluation of complex systems: the need to incorporate a holistic view that contemplates not only defined elements but also those that are intrinsically ambiguous or uncertain. The research focuses on the application of the Plithogenic IADOV approach, a model based on neutrosophic logic, to overcome the limitations of traditional methodologies that often fall short when addressing phenomena containing contradictory or unknown dimensions. In the existing literature, despite the wealth of approaches used for the evaluation of systems, there is a perceived lack of methodologies that effectively manage the indeterminacy inherent in …

Use Of Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps For A More Complex Representation Of Human Perceptions, Juan Alberto Rojas Cardenas, Nelson Francisco Freire Sanchez, Alipio Absalon Cadena Pozo, Karina Perez Teruel

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The research addresses a central problem in the modeling and analysis of human perceptions: the need for tools that capture more richly and accurately the complexity inherent in opinions, especially in contexts of high uncertainty and contradiction. In a scenario where traditional methodologies such as conventional cognitive maps lack the flexibility to represent nuances such as ambiguity or non-linear relationships, a key opportunity arises to explore innovative approaches. This methodological gap raises the question of how to integrate neutrosophic logic into analytical tools to improve the representation and analysis of complex perceptions in diverse environments. The study proposes and validates …

Using The Neutrosophic N-Ahp Method To Prioritize Variables And Expert Analysis, Oswaldo Lıber Andrade Salazar, Lenı Cecılıa Campaña Muñoz, Second Huacón Farm, Angel Braulio Martinez Vasquez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The study focuses on addressing a growing challenge in complex decision-making: how to prioritize key variables in an environment of inherent uncertainty and contradiction. In this context, the research explores the implementation of the neutrosophic N-AHP method, a variant of Hierarchical Process Analysis (HPA) that incorporates neutrosophic logic to handle ambiguity and indeterminacy in the evaluation of critical variables. Although traditional HPA has been widely used to prioritize options, it has been limited in contexts where expert perceptions are not clear-cut or are marked by high levels of uncertainty. This work seeks to overcome those limitations, proposing a more flexible …

Optimizing Tourism Offers With Copras-Svns For Stress Reduction And Sustainability Promotion, Freddy Anaximandro Álvarez Lema, Manuel Antonio Abarca Zaquinaula, Milton Alberto Sampedro Arrieta, Rodolfo Matius Mendoza Poma

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study focused on the evaluation of tourist packages in the Pichincha region, Ecuador, designed to combine sustainability and stress reduction. Its main objective was to identify the most effective alternatives using mul-ticriteria decision methods, incorporating neutrosophic logic as a key approach. Eight tourist packages were ana-lyzed, integrating activities such as reforestation, meditation, and rural tourism with organic gardens, all aimed at environmental sustainability and the emotional well-being of participants. Using the neutrosophic correlation method, the most relevant criteria for subsequent analysis were selected. The application of the COPRAS-SVNS method determined that the "Eco-destinations with electric bicycle" package represented the …

Study Of Knowledge And Preservation Of Traditional Stories Of The Shipibo-Konibo Culture In Primary School Students Based On Neutrosophic Logic, Hulda Cahuaza Ochavano, Beker Maraza Vilcanqui, Elizabeth Norma Calixto Arias, Aniceto Elías Aguilar Polo, Iris Katheryne Mori Cairuna, Walter Arturo Quispe Cutipa, Maritza Soria Ramírez, Roció Del Águila Sandoval

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper aims to determine the knowledge and preservation of traditional stories of the Shipibo-Konibo culture in students of the Primary Educational Institution No. 64161-Bilingue Nuevo Nazareth de Iparia, Peru in 2023. A population of 119 students from the educational institution was considered, whom we interviewed personally after filling out a questionnaire to collect information regarding their knowledge of traditional stories of the Shipibo-Konibo culture. The opinions of the children surveyed are given in the form of linguistic values associated with Single-Valued Neutrosophic Numbers. The data is processed with the help of some propositions according to the neutrosophic logic. The …

Unveiling Quantum Communication: From Bell's Inequality To Neutrosophic Logic, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache

Sustainable Machine Intelligence Journal

In this mini-review, we delve into the intriguing realm of quantum communication, spurred by China's recent development of the Tiantong communication satellite. This satellite, shrouded in secrecy, hints at a revolutionary approach to communication that transcends the limitations of conventional signal transmission. We explore the foundational concepts of Bell's inequality and neutrosophic logic, elucidating their roles in understanding the non-local phenomena of quantum entanglement and its potential for secure and rapid communication. Additionally, we examine the connection between Bell's inequality and Shannon information entropy, unveiling the intricate relationship between quantum mechanics and information theory. Through this exploration, we glimpse a …

Neutrosophic Discrete Geometric Distribution, Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani, Sadia Iqbal, Shumaila Abbas, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Aslan, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Uncertainty, vagueness, and ambiguity surround us in many real-life problems and, therefore, always remain under consideration for researchers to quantify them. This study proposed neutrosophic discrete probability distribution as a generalization of classical or existing probability distributions, named neutrosophic geometric distribution. Case studies presented in the paper will help understand the concept and application of the proposed distribution. Several properties are derived, like the proposed distribution’s moment, characteristic, and probability-generating functions. Furthermore, the newly proposed distribution derives properties from the reliability analysis, such as survival function, hazard rate function, reversed hazard rate function, cumulative hazard rate function, mills ratio, and …

Unveiling Quantum Communication: From Bell's Inequality To Neutrosophic Logic, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this mini-review, we delve into the intriguing realm of quantum communication, spurred by China's recent development of the Tiantong communication satellite. This satellite, shrouded in secrecy, hints at a revolutionary approach to communication that transcends the limitations of conventional signal transmission. We explore the foundational concepts of Bell's inequality and neutrosophic logic, elucidating their roles in understanding the non-local phenomena of quantum entanglement and its potential for secure and rapid communication. Additionally, we examine the connection between Bell's inequality and Shannon information entropy, unveiling the intricate relationship between quantum mechanics and information theory. Through this exploration, we glimpse a …

Neutrosophic Treatment Of The Modified Simplex Algorithm To Find The Optimal Solution For Linear Models, Florentin Smarandache, Maissam Ahmad Jdid

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Science is the basis for managing the affairs of life and human activities, and living without knowledge is a form of wandering and a kind of loss. Using scientific methods helps us understand the foundations of choice, decision-making, and adopting the right solutions when solutions abound and options are numerous. Operational research is considered the best that scientific development has provided because its methods depend on the application of scientific methods in solving complex issues and the optimal use of available resources in various fields, private and governmental work in peace and war, in politics and economics, in planning and …

Graphical Method For Solving Neutrosophical Nonlinear Programming Models, Maissam Ahmad Jdid, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

One important method for finding the optimal solution for linear and nonlinear models is the graphical method, which is used if the linear or nonlinear mathematical model contains one, two, or three variables. Models that contain only two variables are models for which the optimal solution has been obtained graphically, whether these models are linear or non-linear in references that rely on classical logic. In this research, we present a study through which we present the graphical method for solving nonlinear neutrosophical models in the following case: (1) The objective function is a nonlinear function, and the constraints are linear …

Digital Transformation Of Marketing In Small And Medium Enterprises Through Social Networks: Plitogenic Decision-Making, Carlos Roberto Sampedro Guaman, Diego Paul Palma Rivera, Silvio Amable Machuca Vivar, Estalin Vladimir Arrobo Lapo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

How companies relate to customers and the global society has changed over time; those who do not use internet marketing and social networks have reduced their recognition. The archaic ways businesses handled their marketing have caused a considerable lag in their online sales and the many benefits they can offer. The revolution in the use of technology is currently fundamental for business; practitioners can find several areas to apply this resource, such as decision-making, teleworking, and sales, among others. This allows adapting business operations and services efficiently. Companies leverage a combination of cutting-edge technologies to modernize legacy business operations and …

Prioritization Of Non-Functional Requirements In A Mobile Application For Panic Button System Using Neutrosophic Decision Maps, Marco Antonio Checa Cabrera, Byron Javier Ipiales Chasiguano, Ana Lucía Sandoval Pillajo, Rita Díaz Vázquez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Several countries around the world have implemented systems to preserve public safety. Taking advantage of technological advances that are available to all citizens, in Ecuador it has been implemented a system called panic button, which consists of a cell phone network with geo-location, which can assist every citizen who needs to ask for help and the authorities will respond efficiently. This research proposes to improve this system in order to increase its efficiency and effectiveness. This requires the use of prioritization of non-functional requirements. In this paper we use the static analysis of Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps to determine, evaluate, and …

New Challenges In Neutrosophic Theory And Applications, Florentin Smarandache, Stefan Vladutescu, Miihaela Colhon, Wadei Al-Omeri, Saeid Jafari, Muhammad Zahir Khan, Muhammad Farid Khan, Muhammad Aslam, Abdur Razzaque Mughal

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophic theory has representatives on all continents and, therefore, it can be said to be a universal theory. On the other hand, according to the three volumes of “The Encyclopedia of Neutrosophic Researchers” (2016, 2018, 2019), plus numerous others not yet included in Encyclopedia book series, about 1200 researchers from 73 countries have applied both the neutrosophic theory and method. Neutrosophic theory was founded by Professor Florentin Smarandache in 1998; it constitutes further generalization of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy theories. The key distinction between the neutrosophic set/logic and other types of sets/logics lies in the introduction of the degree of …

(Φ, Ψ)-Weak Contractions In Neutrosophic Cone Metric Spaces Via Fixed Point Theorems, Florentin Smarandache, Wadei F. Al-Omeri

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this manuscript, we obtain common fixed point theorems in the neutrosophic cone metric space. Also, notion of (Φ, Ψ)-weak contraction is defined in the neutrosophic cone metric space by using the idea of altering distance function. Finally, we review many examples of cone metric spaces to verify some properties.