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Green Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial And Anticancer Studies Of Vanadium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Vitex Agnus Castus Extract, Saba H. Mahdi, Lekaa K. Abdul Karem

Baghdad Science Journal

This study, vanadium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using the biosynthesis method. The resulting VO₂ NPs are characterized by their cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and safety. Vanadium Nano oxide was prepared from vanadium sulfate monohydrate with a plant extract of Vitex agnus castus at a sodium hydroxide concentration of 0.1 M. The reaction was carried out in an alkaline medium at pH range of 8–12, which were characterized by using many techniques such as; Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction XRD, transmission electron microscopy TEM, scanning electron microscopy SEM and EDX pattern. The crystal size of nanoparticles, determined …

Synthesis, Characterization And Biological Activity Of New Ligand Derived From 4-(Dimethylamino) Benzaldehyde And Nano Copper Complex, Enass J. Waheed

Baghdad Science Journal

The general formula of new complexes [M₂(BDS)Cl₄] are resulting from the reaction of a new ligand [N1, N4- bis (1H- benzo [d] imidazol- 2- yl) -N1, N4 -bis(4-(dimethyl amino) benzyl) succinimide] (BDS) with metal ions M(II) = Cd, Co, Hg, Cu and Ni. This ligand was derived from the reaction of the three substances 4-(Dimethyl amino) benzaldehyde, 2-amino benzimidazole, and succinyl chloride. The compounds are characterized by FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis and Mass spectroscopy. The serine protease SplB of Staphylococcus aureus and the A chain of Rhomboid-protease-GLPG of Escherichia coli were chosen to study the binding strength …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Polymeric Nanoparticles To Enhance Celleullar Drug Delivery, Rahma Aly

Chemistry Theses

Medicines in the form of nanoparticles called nanomedicines, stand at the forefront of revolutionary advancements in healthcare, offering precise drug delivery and diagnostic capabilities. A recent example of nanomedicine in the clinic is the COVID-19 vaccine, which helped prevent death during the pandemic. While the potential benefits are immense, a myriad of challenges complicate their seamless integration into clinical practice. The design and fabrication of nanoparticles demand meticulous attention to biocompatibility and toxicity. Interactions with biological systems are complex, requiring a delicate balance between therapeutic efficacy and safety. The reticuloendothelial system's rapid clearance of nanoparticles, their instability in physiological environments, …

Understanding The Kinetics Of Laser-Induced Nanowelding Of Nanoparticles And The Motility Of Bacteria When Faced With Obstacles, Ariel Rogers

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation has two focus areas: nanoparticle nanowelding and bacteria motility in the presence of micrometer sized structures. There are two main projects for the nanoparticle nanowelding studies: “Real-time imaging of laser-induced nanowelding in solution” and “Two-color laser-induced nanostructure shape modulation.” For the real-time imaging project, I used a fluorescence microscope, a 405 nm laser, and various python packages to quantify the average size of nanowelded nanostructures as a function of time and found that the average nanostructure growth over time fit the parameters of A¯(t) ∝ c0(1−e−t/τ), where c0 represents the initial concentration of nanoparticles in the solution and …

Heteroacene-Based Amphiphile As A Molecular Scaffold For Bioimaging Probes, Tharindu A. Ranathunge, Mahesh Loku Yaddehige, Jordan H. Varma, Cameron Smith, Jay Nguyen, Iyanuoluwani Owolabi, Wojciech Kolodziejczyk, Nathan I. Hammer, Glake Hill, Alex Flynt, Davita L. Watkins

Faculty Publications

The challenges faced with current fluorescence imaging agents have motivated us to study two nanostructures based on a hydrophobic dye, 6H-pyrrolo[3,2-b:4,5-b’]bis [1,4]benzothiazine (TRPZ). TRPZ is a heteroacene with a rigid, pi-conjugated structure, multiple reactive sites, and unique spectroscopic properties. Here we coupled TRPZ to a tert-butyl carbamate (BOC) protected 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid (bisMPA) dendron via azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition. Deprotection of the protected amine groups on the dendron afforded a cationic terminated amphiphile, TRPZ-bisMPA. TRPZ-bisMPA was nanoprecipitated into water to obtain nanoparticles (NPs) with a hydrodynamic radius that was TRPZ-PG was encapsulated in pluronic-F127 (Mw …

Heteroacene-Based Amphiphile As A Molecular Scaffold For Bioimaging Probes, Tharindu A. Ranathunge, Mahesh Loku Yaddehige, Jordan H. Varma, Cameron Smith, Jay Nguyen, Iyanuoluwani Owolabi, Wojciech Kolodziejczyk, Nathan I. Hammer, Glake Hill, Alex Flynt, Davita L. Watkins

Faculty and Student Publications

The challenges faced with current fluorescence imaging agents have motivated us to study two nanostructures based on a hydrophobic dye, 6H-pyrrolo[3,2-b:4,5-b’]bis [1,4]benzothiazine (TRPZ). TRPZ is a heteroacene with a rigid, pi-conjugated structure, multiple reactive sites, and unique spectroscopic properties. Here we coupled TRPZ to a tert-butyl carbamate (BOC) protected 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid (bisMPA) dendron via azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition. Deprotection of the protected amine groups on the dendron afforded a cationic terminated amphiphile, TRPZ-bisMPA. TRPZ-bisMPA was nanoprecipitated into water to obtain nanoparticles (NPs) with a hydrodynamic radius that was comparison, TRPZ-PG was encapsulated in pluronic-F127 (Mw = 12 kD), a polymer surfactant …

Exploring Efficacy Of An Anti-Malarial Nanomedicine In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment, Vineela Parvathaneni

Theses and Dissertations

New drug and dosage form development faces significant challenges, especially in oncology, due to longer development cycle and associated scale-up complexities. Repurposing of existing drugs with potential anti-cancer activity into new therapeutic regimens provides a feasible alternative. In this project, amodiaquine (AQ), an anti-malarial drug, has been explored for its anti-cancer efficacy through formulating inhalable nanoparticulate systems using high-pressure homogenization (HPH) with scale-up feasibility and high reproducibility. A 32 multifactorial design was employed to better understand critical processes and formulation parameters so as to ensure product quality with improved anticancer efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Optimized AQ loaded …

Point-Of-Care Devices For Therapeutic, Medical And Environmental Applications, Alisha Prasad

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Point-of-care testing (POCT) or Point-of-use (POU) devices or technologies are defined as testing aids that are capable for onsite use or testing. The key advantages of POCT are low sample volume, quick onsite diagnosis, high accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. POCT has the potential and the benefits to facilitate better health care management by rapid routine diagnosis and monitoring. To reach this goal, several researchers as well as the healthcare industry over a few years have conducted cutting edge research to bring science to technology by developing smart diagnostic devices capable of performing as per patient profiles and make personalized health care …

Enzyme-Responsive Nucleic Acid Nanocapsules (Nans) For The Delivery Of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides And Small Molecule Drugs, Alyssa Hartmann

Doctoral Dissertations

The first chapter of this work describes a novel, enzyme-responsive nanocapsule for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids and small molecule drugs. The stepwise assembly of this new construct, referred to as a nucleic acid nanocapsule (NAN), is presented. The cellular uptake properties of the NAN are investigated through confocal microscopy. Additionally, the functionalization of the NAN with a therapeutic nucleic acid is described. For these experiments, the NAN was functionalized with a DNAzyme, a catalytically active DNA molecule that can specifically bind and cleave a target mRNA sequence. The DNAzyme utilized in these studies is specific for the …

Influence Of The Spatial Distribution Of Cationic Functional Groups At Nanoparticle Surfaces On Bacterial Viability And Membrane Interactions, Yongqian Zhang, Natalie V. Hudson-Smith, Seth D. Frand, Meghan S. Cahill, Larissa S. Davis, Vivian Feng, Christy L. Haynes, Robert J. Hamers

Faculty Authored Articles

While positively charged nanomaterials induce cytotoxicity in many organisms, much less is known about how the spatial distribution and presentation of molecular surface charge impact nanoparticle–biological interactions. We systematically functionalized diamond nanoparticle surfaces with five different cationic surface molecules having different molecular structures and conformations, including four small ligands and one polymer, and we then probed the molecular-level interaction between these nanoparticles and bacterial cells. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was used as a model bacterial cell system to investigate how the molecular length and conformation of cationic surface charges influence their interactions with the Gram-negative bacterial membranes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Gd-Doped Inp/Zns Quantum Dots For Use In Multimodal Imaging Probes, Molly Erin Duszynski

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Quantum dots (QDs), which are intensely fluorescent nanocrystals ranging 2-10 nanometers in diameter, have shown promise in fluorescence imaging. However, in vivo applications of QDs are limited due to the opaque surrounding of tissue and bones. In this study, InP/ZnS QDs were doped with a paramagnetic atom in an attempt to render them MRI-active. We have further bioconjugated these nanoprobes to develop highly specific MRI-active probes that can be used for detection of neurodegenerative diseases. These bioconjugated nanoprobes detect a mutated form of alpha-synuclein that forms oligomers that are a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease andother alpha-synucleinopathies. Here, we have optimized …

Measuring And Predicting Hydroxyl Radical Generation From Irradiated Tio2 Nanoparticles Under Simulated Environmental Conditions And Correlations To Daphnia Magna Toxicity, Jason Alan Coral

All Dissertations

Interest in inclusion of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a multitude of industrial and personal products has driven production over the past two decades. Concurrent with increases in nanoparticle production, an increase in nanoparticle movement from use to environment can be expected. Particular concern is focused on TiO2 nanoparticles moving to freshwater compartments. Inherent photocatalytic nanoparticle properties generate reactive oxygen species upon exposure to water, oxygen, and ultraviolet light. While this particular feature is utilized for surface-cleaning and pollution mitigating applications, it poses a significant risk to organisms exposed to these nanoparticles. This risk can be difficult to quantify, exhibited by …

Chiral Biomolecule-Induced Chiroptical Activity In Quantum Dots, Benjamin Haynie

Master's Theses and Capstones

Chiroptical activity in cadmium selenide (CdSe) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) has been induced by interactions with chiral capping ligands, either with thiol functional group containing biomolecules (e.g. cysteine) or ‘thiol-free’ biomolecules (e.g. malic acid). This induced chirality is theorized to be the result of electronic orbital hybridization between the QD and ligand, not from physical distortion of crystal structure. The polarity of the resulting circular dichroism (CD) spectra shows a ‘mirror-image’ between enantiomers of the same ligand. However, it is possible for two ligands of the same absolute configuration to induce mirror-image CD spectra, as is the …

Synthesis Of Cd-Free Inp/Zns Quantum Dots Suitable For Biomedical Applications, Matthew A. Ellis, Giovana Grandinetti, Katye M. Fichter

College of Natural and Applied Sciences

Fluorescent nanocrystals, specifically quantum dots, have been a useful tool for many biomedical applications. For successful use in biological systems, quantum dots should be highly fluorescent and small/monodisperse in size. While commonly used cadmium-based quantum dots possess these qualities, they are potentially toxic due to the possible release of Cd2+ ions through nanoparticle degradation. Indium-based quantum dots, specifically InP/ZnS, have recently been explored as a viable alternative to cadmium-based quantum dots due to their relatively similar fluorescence characteristics and size. The synthesis presented here uses standard hot-injection techniques for effective nanoparticle growth; however, nanoparticle properties such as size, emission wavelength, …

Green And Energy-Efficient Methods For The Production Of Metallic Nanoparticles, Mitra Naghdi, Mehrdad Taheran, Satinder K. Brar, M. Verma, R. Y. Surampalli, J. R. Valero

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

In the last decade, researchers paid great attention to the concept of “Green Chemistry”, which aims at development of efficient methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) in terms of the least possible impact on human life and environment. Generally, several reagents including precursors, reducing agents, stabilizing agents and solvents are used for the production of NPs and in some cases, energy is needed to reach the optimum temperature for reduction. Therefore, to develop a green approach, researchers had the opportunity to investigate eco-friendly reagents and new energy transfer techniques. In order to substitute the harmful reagents with green ones, …

Nanoscale Gumbos: Size-Control, Characterization, And Applications As Enantioselective Molecularly Imprinted Polymers And Fluorescent Materials, Suzana Hamdan

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Nanomaterials derived from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) have been introduced into the scientific literature through many analytical, biological, and technological applications. These nanomaterials, referred to as nanoGUMBOS, have been shown to display a number of interesting properties including fluorescence, magnetism, tumor targeting, and optoelectronic properties. Herein, we present major studies on nanoGUMBOS including synthesis and size-control, chiral molecular imprinting in polymers, as well as investigation of optical properties and quantum yield of fluorescent semiconductor-based nanoGUMBOS. Various strategies were introduced for production of well-defined nanoGUMBOS. Specifically, several methods based on sonochemistry, microwave, cyclodextrin, and surfactant-assisted …

Development Of A Light-Powered Microstructure : Enhancing Thermal Actuation With Near-Infrared Absorbent Gold Nanoparticles., Thomas Matthew Lucas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Development of microscale actuating technologies has considerably added to the toolset for interacting with natural components at the cellular level. Small-scale actuators and switches have potential in areas such as microscale pumping and particle manipulation. Thermal actuation has been used with asymmetric geometry to create large deflections with high force relative to electrostatically driven systems. However, many thermally based techniques require a physical connection for power and operate outside the temperature range conducive for biological studies and medical applications. The work presented here describes the design of an out-of-plane bistable switch that responds to near-infrared light with wavelength-specific response. In …

Chronic Toxicity Of Nano Metallics On Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus Clarkii) In Laboratory And Mesocosm Studies, Jake Andrew Farlow

LSU Master's Theses

Nanotechnology has become integrated in commercial, industrial and medical products, and its use has grown exponentially in the past several years. Although potential applications of nanoparticles (NPs) are numerous, concerns about their water quality, environmental, and human health impacts remain unclear. Crayfish are ubiquitous to streams and wetland habitats, are used as a food source, and inhabit areas that could be impacted by water quality issues. Numerous studies have been conducted on the toxicity of various classes of agricultural pesticides and oils to crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) as a non-target organism. However, there is little evidence published on chronic toxicity of …

Physical Stability Of Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) And Plga/Chitosan Nanoparticles And Chemical Stability Of Entrapped Alpha-Tocopherol And Lutein, Meocha Whaley

LSU Master's Theses

The published benefits of polymeric nanoparticles as a system for antioxidant delivery have encompassed topics of improved oral delivery, bioavailability, and modified release to name a few. Generally accepted as safe polymers Poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) and the mucoadhesive chitosan were selected to entrap alpha-tocopherol and lutein. This study proposed to assess the physical stability of PLGA and Chi/PLGA nanoparticles with entrapped bioactives in varying biological suspension medias ( water, pbs, hbss and cell media). Also, to assess the chemical stability of the entrapped antioxidants lutein and alpha-tocopherol within the same media as deemed relevant for in-vitro and and in-vivo studies. Of …

Literature Search On Using Dendrimer Nanoparticles As Drug Delivery Vehicles, Sivateja Kasaraneni

All Capstone Projects

The architectural design of dendrimers, multivalency, well-defined molecular weight and higher degree of branching differentiates them as unique and excellent nanocarriers in therapeutic applications such as drug delivery, gene transfection, tumor therapy, imaging and diagnostics. Nanoparticle drug-delivery systems are well known to increase the stability and selectivity of therapeutic agents. However immunogenicity, reticuloendothelial system uptake, drug leakage, cytotoxicity, hemolytic toxicity, poor aqueous solubility restrict the use of these drug delivery systems. These defects are overcame by surface engineering of the dendrimer molecule.

Drug molecule can be efficiently conjugated or encapsulated into the interior of the dendrimer or physically adsorbed onto …

Functionalized Nanoparticles For Amf-Induced Gene And Drug Delivery., Souvik Biswas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The properties and broad applications of nano-magnetic colloids have generated much interest in recent years. Specially, Fe304 nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of attention since their magnetic properties can be used for hyperthermia treatment or drug targeting. For example, enhanced levels of intracellular gene delivery can be achieved using Fe304 nano-vectors in the presence of an external magnetic field, a process known as 'magnetofection'. The low cytotoxicity, tunable particle size, ease of surface functionalization, and ability to generate thermal energy using an external alternating magnetic field (AMF) are properties have propelled Fe304 research to the forefront of nanoparticle research. …

Gas Phase Laser Synthesis And Processing Of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications, Parimal Vilas Bapat

All ETDs from UAB

Biochemical processes make pervasive use of calcium and phosphate ions. Calcium phosphate salts that are naturally nontoxic and bioactive have been used for several medical applications in form of coatings and micropowders. Nanoparticle-based calcium phosphates have been shown to be internalized by living cells and be effective in DNA transfection, drug delivery, and transport of fluorophores for imaging of intracellular processes. They are also expected to interact strongly with cell adhesive proteins and are therefore promising elements in approaches to mimic the complex environment of the extra cellular matrix of bone. Harnessing this biomedical potential requires the ability to control …

Plasmonic Enhancement Of Forster Energy Transfer Between Two Molecules In The Vicinity Of A Metallic Nanoparticle: Nonlocal Optical Effects, P.T. Leung, H. Y. Xie, H. Y. Chung, D. P. Tsai

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The problem of Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two molecules in the vicinity of a metallic nanoparticle such as a nanoshell is studied within a phenomenological model which takes into account the nonlocal optical response of the metal. This model allows for arbitrary locations and orientations of the two molecular dipoles with respect to the metal particle which can be of ultrasmall sizes (nm) and for which nonlocal effects are of high significance. In particular, for the nanoshell case, the molecules can be located both outside, both inside, or one inside and one outside the shell. Also, the case …