Digital Commons Network^™

Becoming Modern: Households’ Electricity Use And Coping With Power Outages In Post-Socialist Dar Es Salaam, Emanuel Lukio Mchome

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

Since its invention in the 1880s, electricity has been regarded as a pervasive driver of modern life. As scholars have shown elsewhere, ideas of modernity have influenced the provision and use of electricity in cities across the globe. By and large, scholars have examined electricity-modernism in terms of the construction of high-tech electric infrastructure by major actors. Those who have studied power failures This article examines electricity-modernism from the perspective of everyday electricity use and the experience of power outages, a lens rarely used by scholars. It draws from oral history interviews and archival sources to show how ideas of …

Caring For Post Icu Patients: Knowledge And Attitude Among Nurses Working In General Wards, At Tertiary Hospitals, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Nazahed Mkiramweni, Kahabi Isangula, Masunga Iseselo, Dickson Mkoka, Emmanuel Mlay

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Introduction: Caring for patients from the Intensive Care Unit (post-ICU) in general wards iscritical in determining patient outcomes. As primary caregivers, nurses provide hour-to-hour care and are essential in monitoring and addressing any signs of deterioration during this crucial transition period. Adequate knowledge and a positive attitudeare vital for ensuring the timely identification and management of complications. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of nurses caring for post-ICU patients in general wards.

Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study wasconducted from May to August 2021 at Muhimbili National Hospital (MHN), Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute (MOI), and Jakaya …

The Anthropometric Determinants Of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Among Children In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Willbroad Kyejo, Nancy Matillya, Neelam Ismail, Gloria Gachocha, Hajaj Salum, Rosebella Iseme, Mariam Noorani

Family Medicine, East Africa

Background: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is an important tool for assessing lung function, which can be affected by environmental and physical factors such as altitude, nutrition, genetics, age, height, and weight. Conducting a study to assess the correlation between peak expiratory flow rate and anthropometric measurements in Tanzanian schoolchildren is crucial to derive a population-specific prediction formula and further simplify respiratory health assessment.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a single center private primary and secondary school in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania using data from an asthma screening camp. Variables of interest were height, weight, Body Mass Index …

Influence Of Urban Land Use Land Cover Changes On Land Surface Temperature In Dar Es Salaam Metropolitan City, Tanzania: The Use Of Geospatial Approach, Olipa Simon, Nestory Yamungu, James Lyimo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Land use land cover (LULC) changes affect the planet's energy balance and region's climate. Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a vital indicator of this change. Studies in Dar es Salaam Metropolitan City have investigated LST and its relationships with building heights and densities, urban heat islands, spectral indices, and urban morphological determinants. The present study used cross-sectional profiles, chord diagrams, and simple linear regression models to examine the influence of LULC changes on the LST in Dar es Salaam Metropolitan City (DMC). LST was extracted from Landsat 5 TM and 8 OLI/TIRS images for 1995, 2009, and 2017. LULC was …

Molecular Epidemiology Of Antibiotic Resistance Among Escherichia Coli Isolated From Broiler Chickens Sold At Selected Markets In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Abdilahi H. Kiula, Victor A. Makene

Tanzania Journal of Science

Unwarranted and improper uses of antibiotics in broiler farms contribute to the challenge of antibiotic resistance, making even previously treatable infections, difficult to treat. We conducted a cross sectional study from November 2021 to May 2022 from broiler chicken markets in four districts of Dar es Salaam to determine the extent of antibiotic resistance among E. coli isolates from broiler chickens. A total of 160 E. coli isolates recovered from cloacal swabs were identified by culture and biochemical tests and confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, targeting seven classes of antibiotics, was performed by disk diffusion …

Assessing Morphological Changes Of The Msimbazi River Using Satellite Images, Fides J. Izdori

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study assessed historical morphology changes of the Msimbazi River in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania, following heavy rainfall events using historical Google earth images. The erosion and sedimentation processes that cause morphological changes of a river are also associated with flooding within the river catchments. In this study, the bank-line movement, erosion and sedimentation areas and changes in river section width were analyzed under three-time periods: 2005- 2012, 2012- 2018, and 2018- 2020. Data shows that, the timing for floods coincides with the historical records for heavy rains. It was found that, area in the upper reaches of the …

Street Vendors Evictions And Relocations In Dar Es Salaam: Coping Strategies And Resilience Implications, Kirumirah Mubarack Hamidu Mr., Emmanuel January Munishi Dr.

The Qualitative Report

The existing literature on urban governance regards street vendors as passive victims of evictions and re-allocations threats, focusing largely on their inability to cope. Using the case study of the urban street vendors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, this paper suggests that urban street vendors are not just passive victims of evictions and re-allocations but also utilize various capabilities to cope with this threat. The paper examines evictions and re-allocations threat among urban street vendors in Dar es Salaam Tanzania, to determine the vendors’ capability to cope with the threat and recommend factors for supporting the vendors to cope more …

Contamination Of Aflatoxins And Selected Heavy Metals In Commercially Available Traditional Herbal Medicines In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Frank P. Fovo, Esther F. Mvung

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study assesses the contamination of mycoflora, aflatoxins and selected heavy metals (Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Lead) (Pb) in traditional herbal medicines commercially available in Dar es Salaam. Samples were collected from registered traditional healers in three districts: Ilala, Kinondoni and Temeke. Fungal load were assessed using the pour plate technique, whereas aflatoxins and heavy metals were analysed using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The toxin levels obtained were high compared to the permissible levels reported in the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The fungal load in the sampled herbal materials …

Barriers To Timely Disclosure Of Hiv Serostatus: A Qualitative Study At Care And Treatment Centers In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Neelam Ismail, Nancy Matillya, Riaz Ratansi, Columba Mbekenga

Family Medicine, East Africa

Introduction: Disclosure of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status is important to prevent the spread of HIV and maintain the health of people living with HIV, their spouses, and the community. Despite the benefits of disclosure, many people living with HIV delay disclosing their status to those close to them thereby increasing the risk for disease transmission. This study aimed to determine the barriers to timely disclosure of HIV serostatus for people living with HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and identify what motivated disclosure.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive study using in-depth individual interviews was conducted with10 participants attending …

Larvicidal Potency Of Dioscorea Sansibarensis Leaf Extract Against Vector Mosquitoes: Anopheles Gambiae S.S. And Culex Quinquefasciatus, Anitha Philbert

Tanzania Journal of Science

Mosquitoes are responsible for transmission of illnesses of public health importance including malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, chikungunya, and many other diseases caused by viruses. Vector control using synthetic insecticides has been the cornerstone for management of vector-borne diseases. However, the chemical based interventions have not been sustainable due to emergency of resistance against insecticides among disease vectors. Plant based mosquitocidal products can be potential alternative tools in vector control. Therefore, the present study aimed at exploring the larvicidal properties of Dioscorea sansibarensis leaf extract against malaria and lymphatic filariasis vectors; Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Culex quinquefasciatus. The larvicidal activities of …

Modelling And Mapping The Intra-Urban Spatial Distribution Of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasite Rate Using Very-High-Resolution Satellite Derived Indicators, Stephanos Georganos, Oscar Brousse, Sebastien Dujardin, Catherine Linard, Daniel Casey, Marco Millones, Benoit Parmentier, Nicole P.M. Van Lipzig, Mattias Demuzere, Sabine Vanhuysse, Nicholus Mboga, Vernica Andreo, Robert W. Snow, Moritz Lennert

Geography Articles

The rapid and often uncontrolled rural–urban migration in Sub-Saharan Africa is transforming urban landscapes expected to provide shelter for more than 50% of Africa’s population by 2030. Consequently, the burden of malaria is increasingly affecting the urban population, while socio-economic inequalities within the urban settings are intensified. Few studies, relying mostly on moderate to high resolution datasets and standard predictive variables such as building and vegetation density, have tackled the topic of modeling intra-urban malaria at the city extent. In this research, we investigate the contribution of very-high-resolution satellite-derived land-use, land-cover and population information for modeling the spatial distribution of …

Urban Areas In Coastal Zones, Richard C. Dawson, M. Shah Alam Khan, Vivien Gornitz, Maria Fernanda Lemos, Larry Atkinson, Julie Pullen, Juan Camilo Osorio, Lindsay Usher, Cynthia Rosenzweig (Ed.), William Solecki (Ed.), Patricia Romero-Lankao (Ed.), Shagun Mehrotra (Ed.), Shobhakar Dhakal (Ed.), Somayya Ali Ibrahim (Ed.)

CCPO Publications

[First Paragraph] Coastal cities have been subjected to extreme weather events since the onset of urbanization. Climatic change, in particular sea level rise, coupled with rapid urban development are amplifying the challenge of managing risks to coastal cities. Moreover, urban expansion and changes and intensification in land use further pressure sensitive coastal environments through pollution and habitat loss.

Chinese Involvement In Tanzania And Its Local Impacts, Maho Fujita

Honors Theses

The rise of China is among the most discussed and watched topics in the fields of African Studies and International Relations. One area of particularly noticeable and rapid expansion is in Africa. This thesis aims to answer the question of what impact Chinese involvement is having on the population of Tanzania and to what extent is it beneficial to and what extent detrimental to the nation. I do so by examining the impact of Chinese investment from three perspectives: 1) case studies from Tanzania in regard to local communities and individual's perspectives; 2) views of Chinese workers in Tanzania; and …

Perception Of Final Year Undergraduate Medical Students Towards Family Medicine In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Eric Luggar Aghan

Master of Medicine in Family Medicine

Primary health care was identified as the ideal model of health care delivery during the Alma Atta conference in USSR in 1978. The World Health Organization urged member countries to adopt it as a model of health care service delivery to their people. Since then many countries have adopted a primary health care model including Tanzania. In countries such as Cuba and Costa Rica where primary health care has successfully been implemented, access to affordable and quality health care service to all has resulted in lowered morbidity, mortality, improved quality and longevity of life. The success story behind primary health …

Urban Dietary Heavy Metal Intake From Protein Foods And Vegetables In Dar Es Salaam, F. N. Ngassapa, O. C. Othman, E. Elisante

Tanzania Journal of Science

Contamination of food and food products by heavy metals has made dietary intake as one of the major routes of these harmful elements to human beings. The human dietary intake of heavy metals cadmium, copper, lead and zinc from protein-foods (beans, meat, fish, milk) and green vegetables consumed daily from restaurants and street food-vendor kiosks in Dar es Salaam were determined using the Total Diet Study (TDS) method. The cooked food was bought from the restaurants and street food-vendors at several city locations (i.e. Buguruni, Manzese, Mwenge, Temeke and Ubungo) over several months and analyzed. Heavy metal concentrations were determined …

The Major Cause Of Observed Erosion Surge On The Beaches North Of Dar Es Salaam City, N. Nyandwi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Surges in coastal erosion north of Dar es Salaam city have been documented from 1977 to the early 1980s and around 1997/98. Analysis of the wind data shows that the documented increase in coastal erosion coincided with increased wind speeds. Extreme winds in excess of 10-11 m s-1 were experienced during 1976-78, 1984 and after 1996. Their coincidence with extreme high tides produced the high erosion rates. Using beach profile data for the years 1998-2000 the evolution of the beach profile with the changing monsoon winds and sediment input by rivers could be demonstrated. The beach erosion took place during …

Assessment Of Fecal Bacteria Contamination In Sewage And Non-Sewage Impacted Mangrove Ecosystems Along The Coast Of Dar Es Salaam, A. A. Abbu, Thomas J. Tj Lyimo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Microbiological quality of the intertidal pool water was evaluated in sewage impacted (Mtoni Kijichi) and non-sewage impacted (Rasi Dege) mangrove forest sites along the coast of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The Most Probable Number method was used for estimating the total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and fecal enterococci (ENT) levels. In addition, physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, salinity and nutrients) were measured. The results for microbial fecal indicators were compared to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines for marine recreational and shellfish harvesting waters. Fecal bacteria contamination was significantly higher at Mtoni Kijichi …

Socio-Economic Impacts Of Water Scarcity In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Shadrack Mwakalila

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Drought and the resulting low water levels in rivers exacerbate water scarcity conditions in Dar es Salaam city. The result is frequent water rationing in areas served with piped water, sometimes for days or weeks, and low water pressure, which leads residents to resort to other less safe and sometimes more expensive water sources. The frequent and current response to the inadequate piped water supply in Dar es Salaam has been the use of groundwater resources. There are both public and private bore-holes and wells drilling companies in Dar es Salaam.. This paper therefore, presents some socio-economic impacts of water …

Public Health In Dar Es Salaam, Emily Gerteis

Macalester Abroad: Research and Writing from Off-campus Study

No abstract provided.

Dar Es Salaam Water Supply Problems And Possible Solutions: Reflections, D Mashauri

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

During the assessment of the manuscript, it was observed that the paper does not include an abstract. The document proceeds directry to the main content without providing a separate abstract that summarize the study's objectives, methodology, key findings and conclusions

Sediment Characteristics And Hydrodynamic Setting Of Reef Platform Sediments Of Kunduchi, North Of Dar Es Salaam Harbour, Y. W. Shaghude, N. Nyandwi, A. N. N. Muzuka, A. M. A. M. Dubi, O. U. Mwaipopo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Sediment grain size distribution, carbonate content and current velocities for the Kunduchi area are used to determine its hydrodynamic setting and sediment characteristics. The sediment mean grain size generally decreases northward. The sediments consist of medium to coarse sand south of the Tegeta River and fine sand further north. The sediment sorting values, which lack a north-south trend, vary from moderately well sorted to poorly sorted. The skewness of the sediment vary from near-symmetrical to very negatively skewed while the peakedness (kurtosis) varies from platykurtic to leptokurtic. The carbonate content increases with distance offshore, whereas the siliciclastic component decreases with …

Organochlorine Pesticides In Residues In Waters From The Coastal Area Of Dar Es Salaam And Their Effect On Aquatic Biota, H Mwevura, Oc Othman, Gl Mhehe

Tanzania Journal of Science

Water samples from Msimbazi and Kizinga rivers in Dar es Salaam and from the coastal marine environment receiving waters from these rivers were analyzed for various organochlorine pescticide residues using GC-ECD and GC-MS. p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, dieldrin and γ-HCH were the only organochlorine pesticide residues detected at significantly greater concentrations above the detection limits. There was a marked difference in the frequency of pesticide residue detection during the dry and wet seasons. All the wet season samples and 37.5% of the dry season samples revealed presence of p,p-DDE at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.45 mgl-1 and 0.08 to 0.20 mgl-1 …

The Occurrence Of Digenean Larvae In Freshwater Snails At Mbezi-Temboni Pond, Dar Es Salaam, Esp Esp Kigadye, G. Nkwengulila

Tanzania Journal of Science

The abundance of digenean larvae in snails at a pond in Mbezi-Temboni, Dar es Salaam, was investigated from July 1996 to June 1997. A total of 2,112 snails belonging to three species, Bulinus globosus Morelet 1866, Bulinus forskalii Ehrenberg 1869, and Melanoides tuberculata Müller 1774 were examined, and 28 (1.3%) were found infected by four species of digenean trematodes. Trematodes were recovered only from Bulinus species; none of the examined M. tuberculata was infected. B. globosus was infected by Schistosoma haematobium Bilharz 1852 (1.14%), unidentified furcocercous cercariae (0.4%), and echinostome cercariae (0.76%). B. forskalii was infected by echinostome cercariae (0.25%) …

Experimental Spat Collecting Of The Edible Oyster, Saccostrea Cucullata Born (Bivalvia) In The Kundichi Creek, Dar Es Salaam, Y. D. Mgaya

Tanzania Journal of Science

A one year study was carried out at Kunduchi Creek, Dar es Salaam, to determine spat settlement using the three different substrates (clutches): coconut shells, asbestos and cockle shells, set at three different depths, 0.5 m, 1 m, and 1.5 m. The experiment was set up at three different sites within the creek. There were no significant differences among treatments (sites, depths, clutches). However, spat settlement exhibited seasonal differences, with peak spatfall recorded during the long rains (April to May). There were significant differences in the number of spat between the upper and lower surfaces of the substrates, with more …

Physicochemical Characteristics Of Some Locally Manufactured Edible Vegetable Oils Marketed In Dar Es Salaam, F N Ngassapa, O C Othman

Tanzania Journal of Science

The physicochemical properties (refractive index, saponification value, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) value, iodine value, acid value, peroxide value and tocopherol content) of seven edible vegetable oils manufactured in Tanzania, were assessed using standard procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Also determined were the levels of these properties with respect to shelf storage of the products. When compared with standard values recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission of FAO/WHO and with other published results, the locally produced vegetable oils were found to be of fair quality but of poor storage stability.

Composition And Anaerobic Digestion Of Single And Combined Organic Fractions Of Municipal Solid Waste Of Dar Es Salaam, A K Kivaisi, J Mukisa

Tanzania Journal of Science

The composition of major categories of municipal solid waste (MSW) of Dar es salaam city was determined. Food remains and vegetable matter constituted 80-90% of the categories. Organic fractions of the individual categories contained 18-20 % total solid (TS), 30-50 % (dry weight) total fibre and 1-1.3 % nitrogen. The assorted organic fractions were tested for anaerobic conversion into biogas at 55°C in batch cultures for 14 days with a mixed population of microorganisms. At a substrate concentration of 6-8 g volatile solids per litre fermenter volume (g VS l-1 FV) individual fractions were degraded by 51-75% and gave methane …

Heavy Metals And Organic Pollutants In Sediments Of Dar Es Salaam Harbour Prior To Dredging In 1999, J F Machiwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Heavy metals and organic contaminants were analysed in the sediments of the inner area of the Dar es Salaam harbour. Complementary analytical parameters, such as, the organic carbon content and the silt/clay fraction of the sediments showed good positive correlation (r = 0.64). Stations that had high content of fine grain material in the sediment also indicated relatively high level of organic carbon and pollutants. The Florida criteria (MacDonald 1993) for assessment of pollution of tropical marine sediments was adopted in oredr to evaluate the extent of pollution in Dar es Salaam harbour sediments. The Florida criteria is one of …

Optimal Allocation Of Water Among Industries In Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania, J. I. Matondo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Dar es Salaam is the city with the largest number of industries in Tanzania. However, the water demand for these industries is more than the supply. Therefore, there is a water use competing problem among the industries. Dynamic programming technique has been applied to optimally allocate the available water among the industries with the objective of maximizing the net benefits. Results reveal that, industries with the highest net return per unit of water will get the first priority of being allocated water.

Under Pinning And Erosion Protection At The University Road Bridge Dar Es Salaam, F Bucher

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

During the assessment of the manuscript, it was observed that the paper does not include an abstract. The document proceeds directry to the main content without providing a separate abstract that summarize the study's objectives, methodology, key findings and conclusions