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The Influence Of Hip Position On Neck Kinematics And Muscle Activity In Healthy And Non-Specific Neck Pain Subjects, Enrique Lopez, Everett Lohman, Noha Daher, Mansoor Alameri, Robert Dudley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(1): 1280-1293, 2024. Neck pain is a widespread problem in society with many variables influencing its cause. The angle of the hip may influence the kinematics of the neck in addition to the myoelectrical activation of the surrounding musculature that contributes to the development of neck pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in spinal inclination angles and muscle activity in the neck using a 10 deg wedge in a forward slope, neutral and rear slope seated position. Forty subjects were recruited for this study. Each subject sat at a workstation …

Maximizing Legged Accelerations: A Matter Of Force, Time, And Gravity, Lance Brooks

Applied Physiology and Wellness Theses and Dissertations

Sprint running accelerations require runners to apply surface forces that: support body weight by pushing downward, accelerate the body horizontally by pushing backward, and align the direction of the push with the body’s mass center to maintain balance and posture, which imposes an upper limit on the average forward acceleration force equal to the average gravitational force (1.0 G) acting on the runner. This expectation arises from the mechanical constraints imposed by the need to generate sufficient vertical force to support body weight against gravity while simultaneously producing horizontal force to accelerate forward and aligning the push through the center …

Reducing Musculoskeletal Injury Risk For High School Athletes--A Pilot Project, Matthew K. Seeley

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

Areas of Interest: Biomechanics, Articular Cartilage Health, Athletic Injury Prevention

Identifying The Relationships Among Functional Motor Competence, The Army Combat Fitness Test, And Vertical Jump Performance In Rotc Cadets., Madison Mach

Theses and Dissertations

Context: Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) cadets are at high risk of injury, which results in high medical costs and affects the longevity of our future soldiers’ careers. Functional motor competence (FMC), defined as the coordination and control required to perform a wide range of motor skills, may be an underappreciated aspect of performance and injury in ROTC cadets because of how FMC is developed. Higher FMC has been speculated to be positively associated with better physical and neuromuscular fitness (power, dynamic balance, etc.), better performance on the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT), the Army’s standardized physical test, and protective …

The Muscle Activation And Landing Kinematics Of Cai Athletes In Single-Leg Landing And Lateral Jumps, Dan Yu, Jianwu Xu, Liping Liao, Xiaoyan Wu, Daoman Liu, Xin Ma, Wantong Zhao, Lingyu Li

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigated the motor control of chronic ankle instability (CAI) athletes in different landings. 16 athletes participated (8 CAI and 8 control) and performed single-leg landing, inward lateral jump, and outward lateral jump. Electromyography of tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius (LG), ankle angle, and time to peak vertical ground reaction force were analysed. Statistics using two-way ANOVA with people and motion as independent variables. The data showed that CAI had different feedforward and feedback strategies with larger inversion angle pre and post initial contact (IC), larger plantarflexion pre and at IC, and lower LG activation …

The Effect Of Up And Downhill Slopes On Technique And Performance In Golf, Cormac Nolan, Michael Hiley, Glen Blenkinsop

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in key variables suggested from golf coaching literature, when playing from uphill and downhill slopes. Forty-five golfers in a mid and low-handicap group hit shots from flat, uphill, and downhill slopes, whilst their body and club movements were captured, and the ball flight was calculated. Most findings concurred with much of the coaching advice, which is now quantified scientifically, whilst other variables seemed to contradict the advice, such as aim direction. Golfers should not necessarily follow all coaching advice from the coaching literature, and should instead inspect their own data with …

Comparison Between Outcomes Of A Sprint Test On A Wheelchair Ergometer And On-Court Among Wheelchair Tennis Players, Rowie Janssen, Marit Van Dijk, Thomas Rietveld, Sonja De Groot, Lucas Van Der Woude, Han Houdijk, Riemer Vegter

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The current study compared a wheelchair sprint in the laboratory (lab) on a wheelchair ergometer with a wheelchair sprint on-court in a group of experienced wheelchair tennis players. Nine wheelchair tennis players performed a 10m sprint in the lab, on a computerized wheelchair ergometer, and a 10m sprint on-court, equipped with inertial measurement units. Test duration, mean power output and mean velocity showed no differences between lab and field sprints, peak velocity was consistently higher in the field sprint. Despite methodological differences and experienced rolling resistance between the lab and field sprint, test duration, achieved power output and mean velocity …

A Kinematic Analysis Of Shot Putters At A Division I University, Roman Waldera, Bryan Christensen, Kyle Collins, Joel M. Hektner, Justin St Clair

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this research was to examine the peak height during the flight phase and trunk kinematics during the landing phase, and their effects on throwing distance in the shot put using MOCAP. A secondary purpose was to examine differences between the throwing styles and gender. The participants were 12 university-level shot put throwers (six males, six females). A technique by trunk angle interaction effect just below the level of significance was found (p = .056). Significant relationships were found between throw distance and trunk lateral flexion, with females throwing further with more flexion toward their throwing arm (p …

Modelling Of Scapular Motion Influences The Estimated Glenohumeral Joint Torques During Volleyball Hitting, Dhruv Gupta, Lotte Steynen, Gaelle Pano, Aimilia Rousaki, Nele Heylen, Gert Vande Broek

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aims to understand how much different ways of modelling the scapular motion in musculoskeletal models influence the estimated inverse dynamics torques at the glenohumeral joint in simulations of volleyball hitting. We collected hitting motion data of one advanced volleyball player and compared the scapular motion and inverse dynamics torques at the glenohumeral joint estimated using three different musculoskeletal models that model the scapular motion in different ways. We found root mean squared differences of up to 50 Nm in inverse dynamics torques estimated from the different models and coupling between scapula and humerus can affect these estimates. Highest …

The Grip Distribution Analysis Between Badminton Smash And Jump Smash, Fu Kao, Min Kuang Pan, Chiu Yuh-Hong, Chien Lu Tsai

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Badminton smash is one of the most powerful and fastest techniques in racket sports. The purpose of this study was to analyze the grip force and pressure of a collegiate first-class badminton player while performing smash and jump smash movements. A grip pressure system (500Hz) and a high-speed digital camera (2000Hz) were simultaneously used to collect eighteen areas of grip force and pressure of the dominant hand, along with 2D kinematics motion images. The results revealed that the initial shuttle velocity of the jump smash was faster than that of the smash stroke. Additionally, the swing movement of the jump …

Advancing Aquatic Motion Tracking Through Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Surfing The Giant Waves Of Nazaré – Study Case, Marcio Borgonovo-Santos, Damian Perez, Miguel Sanches, Daniela Lopes

ISBS Proceedings Archive

As we delve into the diverse applications of motion tracking from Space to Air and Land, we encounter distinct challenges and opportunities. However, the most significant arise in the aquatic domain, particularly in the maritime environment. The unique characteristics of water behaviour demand novel solutions for accurately tracking and interpreting movement in this dynamic environment. An outstanding outcome of my Sports Sciences PhD was the Fluid Flow Sensor. This groundbreaking multi-sensor innovation enables tracking data considering water flow, expanding research horizons of analytics in water sports. Notably, the technology showcased its exceptional potential through a successful pilot study during a …

Testing Injury Risk In Acl-Reconstructed Football Players On The Field: A Practical Tool To Assess Cutting Biomechanics Through Wearable Sensors, Stefano Di Paolo, Marianna Viotto, Alberto Grassi, Laura Bragonzoni, Stefano Zaffagnini

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of the present study was to inspect differences between healthy and ACLR football players through a kinematic on-field assessment of cut manoeuvres. 62 (47 healthy, 15 ACLR) were enrolled. The players performed planned 90° changes of direction and unplanned football-specific changes of direction. Kinematics was collected through 8 wearable inertial sensors (MTw Awinda, Xsens). Healthy and ACLR players differed in hip and knee rotation during the entire cut phase (p

Maximal Internal Knee Adduction Moment Is Not Related To Lateral Central Femur Cartilage Structure In Healthy Runners, Daniel Jandacka, Jiri Skypala, Jan Plesek, Victor Casula, Jaroslav Uchytil, Michal Burda, Vera Jandackova, Dominik Vilimek, Joseph Hamill, Miika T. Nieminen

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between maximal internal knee adduction moment (KAM) during running and the lateral knee cartilage structure in healthy adults. 1104 participants 18-65 years old participated in this study. Biomechanics of the lower extremity during running at the individual’s self-preferred speed were recorded using motion capture system and force plates. A 1.5T MRI scan was used to determine T2 relaxation time of the lateral central femoral cartilage. When controlled for age, sex, running distance and morphological findings of a radiologist in a statistical model, the KAM (OR = 0.95, CI 0.80-1.12) did …

A Practice-Oriented Teaching Strategy Involving Bouldering Improves Students’ Academic Understanding Of Mechanics, Xiao-Qi Zhang, Philip X. Fuchs, Jia Yi Chow, Chen-Fu Huang

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Practical experience is recommended in teaching to overcome students’ difficulties in learning and applying theoretical concepts such as Newtonian mechanics. The purpose of this study was to test whether incorporating bouldering in a biomechanics course improves students' academic understanding of mechanics. Twenty-one students participated in 10 weeks of traditional lecturing and a subsequent 4-week bouldering intervention. Using different versions of a validated biomechanics test, exam scores were higher after bouldering (73±15%) than before (53±21%) (Z=-3.783, p

Influence Of Lean Body Mass Distribution On Ground Reaction Force And Snatch Performance In Male And Female Weightlifters, Wandasun Sihanath, Nayun Ahn, Paula Papanek, Kristof Kipp

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of lean mass distribution (LMD) on ground reaction forces (GRF) and snatch performance. Eighteen weightlifters completed dual x-ray absorptiometry scans and performed heavy snatch lifts on force plates. Leg and trunk LMD were correlated with snatch performance, but further analysis revealed that only leg LMD was a significant predictor for male weightlifters. GRF during the first pull were associated with performance for male weightlifters, while GRF during the second pull were more relevant for female weightlifters. Leg LMD was a strong predictor of GRF during both pulls with an emphasis …

Load-Velocity Behavior During The First And Second Pull Of The Snatch And Clean, Emma L. Patterson, Nayun Ahn, Kristof Kipp

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of barbell load on the velocity during the first and second pull of the snatch and clean. Fifteen elite weightlifters (M= 6, F = 9) performed multiple repetitions of the snatch and clean at 75%-100% of their one-repetition max. Load-velocity (L-V) regression models were created for the first pull and second pull for each of the two lifts. The slopes of the L-V relationships were extracted from each model to determine how load affects each pull of the corresponding lifts. The results suggested that the L-V slopes for the snatch …

Markerless Biomechanical Analysis Of Former Elite Rhythmic Gymnasts, Natalie Mendelson, Tomer Yona, Smadar Peleg, Ophir Ravina, Arielle Fischer

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study addresses the critical gap in understanding the biomechanics of key rhythmic gymnastics elements with high loads on the feet and ankles, specifically Fouetté balance and turns. These elements require repeated plantar and dorsiflexion movements. The study analyzed the forces and ankle sagittal angles of four former elite gymnasts using markerless motion capture and force plates. We segmented each movement into distinct biomechanical phases, particularly in 'Relevé' and Plié positions. Higher forces were observed during the Fouetté turn, and higher plantarflexion angles were found during the Fouetté balance. To the authors best knowledge this is the first study to …

“Super-Shoes” In Distance Running: Is There A Possible Downside In Trained Women?, Max R. Paquette, Eduardo Martinez

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Although “super-shoes” provide a metabolic advantage, anecdotal suggest that consistent wear may contribute to development of knee and hip overuse injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare these injury-related running biomechanics variables between “super-shoes” and traditional training shoes in female distance runners. 18 competitive female runners ran for 5min on a treadmill at 3.6 m/s in “super-shoes” (SUPER) and control shoes (CON) while 3D kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected. Peak knee abduction moment and peak hip internal rotation and abduction moment were larger in SUPER compared to CON but no other biomechanical variables were different …

Visualizing Segmental Contributions To Whole-Body Angular Momentum In The Rotational Shot Put And Discus Throw, Kristof Kipp, Nayun Ahn

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to develop a method to visualize the contributions of the free limbs to whole-body angular momentum (L) during the rotational shot put and discus throw. Digital video of track and field throwers were recorded as they performed several shot put and discus throw attempts. Videos were processed with markerless motion capture technology, which was used to generate segment center-of-mass (COM) positions. Whole-body L in the global coordinate system was calculated as the sum of transfer terms of the legs, arms, and trunk segments. To visualize transverse plane L generated by the legs …

Shoulder-Elbow Coordination Pattern During Badminton Forehand Drive In Trained And Untrained People, Gyeongeun Lee, Hoon Kim

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to compare shoulder and elbow coordination patterns in the transverse plane between trained and untrained people during badminton forehand drives. The coupling angles and phases of the shoulder and elbow in the transverse plane from peak shoulder external rotation to impact time were analyzed using vector coding. Due to the limited sample size, we reported results from descriptive analyses instead of statistical analyses. We found that the trained people exhibited a tendency of larger range of shoulder and elbow motions and more in-phase coordination patterns with shoulder internal rotation dominancy in the transverse plane …

Differences In Muscle Demand Across Take-Off Techniques In The Back Handspring Step Out In Women’S Gymnastics, Gabriella H. Small, Richard R. Neptune

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The back handspring step out (BHS) is a foundational skill in balance beam routines that can be performed using three different take-off techniques (Simultaneous Flexion, Sequential Flexion, Double-Bounce). However, it is unclear if the different techniques require different levels of muscle demand. The purpose of this study was to use modelling and simulation to quantify muscle demand across the three techniques. While there were no differences in total average muscle demand between techniques, the Sequential Flexion technique required more demand from the knee and hip flexors, while the Simultaneous Flexion and Double-Bounce techniques required more demand from the knee and …

Kinematics And Kinetics Of Barefoot, Shod, And Spiked Sprinting During Acceleration And At Maximum Speed, Philip X. Fuchs, Hui-Wen Hsiao, Yun-Shan Han, Chinedu Godwin Uzomba, Ryu Nagahara

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to analyze biomechanical differences between footwear conditions during acceleration and sprinting at maximum speed. Competitive sprinters (n=17) completed 60-m sprints barefoot, in running shoes, and in spiked sprint shoes in a randomized order. Fifty-four force plates (1000 Hz) obtained ground reaction forces over 50 m. Main effects between phases were found in all nine spatiotemporal and kinetic variables (p<0.001, partial eta²≥0.728). Differences in braking and propulsive forces and impulses between footwear conditions seemed larger during acceleration (p<0.001, partial eta²=0.38–0.57) than at maximum speed (p<0.15, partial eta²=0.11–0.38). The findings underlined the importance of kinetic analysis …

Trunk Posterior Pulling Perturbation Increased Variables Associated With Acl Loading During Landing, Yu Song, Zhichen Feng, Kaden Van Valkenburg, Lauren Salsgiver, Kareem Mersal, Boyi Dai

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of posterior pulling perturbation applied to the upper or lower trunk on variables associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during landing. Thirty-eight participants performed double-leg vertical jumps with and without posterior pulling perturbation applied to the upper/lower trunk shortly after the peak jump height. Perturbation resulted in significantly greater impact forces, smaller knee flexion angles, and greater knee extension and adduction moments compared to no perturbation. Upper trunk perturbation resulted in smaller trunk flexion angles than the lower trunk perturbation location. Mid-flight posterior pulling perturbation applied to upper and …

Association Between Jump Performance And Acl Injury Kinematic Risk Factors, Claudia Brunetti, Filippo Bertozzi, Rodrigo Rabello, Alice Ranzini, Chiarella Sforza

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to provide further insights into unclear aspects in the existing literature concerning the association between ACL injury kinematic risk factors and jump performance, as they might conflict. Fifty-four physically active females executed drop jumps with a maximal CMJ. A motion capture system provided knee and hip kinematics. Jump height, contact time, reactive strength index, initial speed, and power were obtained using a contact platform. Spearman’s correlations between first and second landing kinematics and jump indicators were evaluated. The results showed how highly performing participants were also able to land safely, plausibly reducing ACL injury risk factors. These …

Effects Of Vision And Multiple Cognitive Tasks On Pre-Landing And Early Landing Mechanics Associated With Acl Loading, Boyi Dai, Yu Song, Peyton Hatcher, Raychl Fairbanks, Jefferson Danso, Ling Li

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of vision and 1 or 2 cognitive tasks on lower extremity biomechanics associated with ACL loading variables (knee flexion angles, increased impact forces, and knee extension moments) during single-leg drop landing tasks. Thirty-four participants performed landing tasks with or without vision and with or without 1-2 cognitive tasks. The cognitive tasks included counting backward and/or recalling the number of beeping tones. The results indicated counting backward significantly decreased knee angles, and a lack of vision could increase impact forces. However, the combination of two cognitive tasks did not result in …

Knee And Trunk Coordination Patterns In The Snatch: A Pilot Study On The Influence Of Load And Phase, Nayun Ahn, Kristof Kipp

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of load on trunk and knee coordination during different phases of the snatch. Four elite weightlifters performed the snatch from submaximal to maximal loads (~85-100%), while video data were collected with eight cameras. The video data were processed with markerless motion capture software, and trunk and knee joint angles were calculated. Trunk-knee coupling angles were calculated via vector coding analysis. During the pull phase, an increase in the frequency count of trunk-knee coordination patterns in response to an increase in load, indicated that the pull phase lengthened as the loads …

Evaluation Of Surface Type And Time Of Day On Agility Course Performance, Arielle Pechette Markley, Nina R. Kieves, Linda Blake Rivas, Abigail B. Shoben

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

INTRODUCTION: Canine agility competitions are performed on a variety of surfaces. In the equine and human literature, surface type has been associated with speed, performance, and injury risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of general surface type and time of day on calculated speed (yards per second over a measured course distance) and course performance during the UKI Agility International (UKI) U.S. Open. We hypothesized that surface type would affect calculated speed, with sand being the slowest.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on course performance from the 2021 and 2022 events were obtained directly from UKI. …

Effects Of A 10-Week Footstrike Transition Programme On Tibial Stress Fracture Probability; A Randomized Controlled Intervention Using Finite Element And Probabilistic Modelling, Jonathan Sinclair, Paul J. Taylor

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: The aim of this study was to undertake a randomized control trial examining the effects of a 10-week footstrike transition program on tibial stress fracture risk compared to control. Material and methods: Twenty habitual rearfoot strike runners were randomly assigned to either footstrike or control groups. The footstrike group undertook a graduated 10-week program which allowed them to convert their habitual rearfoot strike pattern, whereas the control group maintained their normal training regime without any alterations to their strike pattern. Running biomechanics were collected using an eight-camera motion capture system, and ground reaction forces using a force plate. Tibial …

A Pilot Study Comparing Muscle Activation And Kinematic Parameters Between Professional And Non-Professional Tennis Players, Anton S. Petrenko

Masters Theses

Tennis, a widely played sport across various age and skill groups, prompts continual skill improvement among competitive players seeking a competitive edge. This study explores two approaches for enhancing playing style: motion capture (MoCap) and surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals. The study addresses a gap in simultaneous examination of MoCap and entire dominant leg muscle activation, particularly concerning the influence of skill level and gender on various tennis strokes. To fill this void, the research records and analyzes MoCap and dominant leg sEMG data during serves and strokes on both court sides. The hypothesis posits differences in muscle activation and body …

Advances In Bone And Orthopedics 2024 Edition, Jean-Philippe Berteau, Laurent Pujo-Menjouet

Publications and Research

We are delighted to present the latest edition of ”Advances in Bone and Orthopedics,” a comprehensive compilation of pioneering research and innovative developments in the field. This volume brings together a selection of peer-reviewed abstracts from BONITOS 2024, the Fourth Season of the Bone and Orthopedics Interdisciplinary Symposium, held on May 31st, 2024, at the College of Staten Island in New York. This symposium, a hallmark event in the calendar of professionals dedicated to bone health and orthopedic excellence. The contributions within this volume reflect the breadth and depth of research presented at BONITOS 2024. These abstracts represent cutting-edge studies …