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Evaluation Of A Patient With A Severe Systemic Inflammatory Response To Nitrofurantoin, Brigitte Vanle, Timothy Beatty

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Nitrofurantoin is a prevalent antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections. Despite nitrofurantoin’s general safety, it can cause serious side effects, including acute pulmonary toxicity, fulminant hepatitis, and severe systemic inflammatory responses, which may mimic conditions such as ischemia and infection. However, reports of acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome after nitrofurantoin ingestion are uncommon in medical literature.

Case Presentation

This case describes a severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome in an 85-year-old woman presenting with hypoxia, altered mental status, and profound leukocytosis after exposure to a single dose of nitrofurantoin.

Conclusion

Herein we report on a patient with suspected bacteremia …

Veillonella Discitis: A Rare Presentation And Review Of Literature, Akankcha Alok, Vidya Sagar Kollu, Gautam Kalyatanda

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Veillonella is an anaerobic gram-negative coccus found as a commensal organism in the oral, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tract of humans. Rarely, it can cause serious infections by the production of lipopolysaccharide, an endotoxin. Although most Veillonella infections occur in immunocompromised individuals, we herein describe cases of Veillonella discitis, a rare presentation of Veillonella, in immunocompetent patients.

Case Presentation

The first presented case was encountered in a patient admitted at our facility. All patient data were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical record system. Thereafter, a literature search and subsequent review was done on PubMed with the MEDLINE …

A Case Of Xylazine-Induced Necrotic Skin Ulcerations In An Iv-Drug User In Florida, Mark Zaki, Cynthia Dillon, Anjali Patel, Barbara Gracious

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

As illicit drug manufacturers find new ways to market their products and increase their profit margins, multiple contaminants have found their way into the illicit drug supply. The newest addition, xylazine, also known as “tranq,” has spread through the city of Philadelphia and has recently been gaining ground across the United States, including in the state of Florida.

Case Presentation

This case describes a 37-year-old male with a significant past psychiatric history of severe polysubstance intravenous (IV) use, including fentanyl and methamphetamine. He was comorbid with other mental and physical conditions and presented to the emergency department with acute …

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Due To Ehrlichiosis: A Case Series, Ajay Iyer, Mattias D'Anna, Shruti Verma, Thomas Pritchard, Vladimir Begilman, Himal Bajracharya, Kaveh Naemi

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an immunologic syndrome characterized by excessive inflammation and tissue injury due to uncontrolled activation of the phagocytic system. The underlying mechanism is a lack of downregulation of activated macrophages and lymphocytes by natural killer and T cells. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is often delayed or missed due to the rarity of the disease, decreased awareness, and clinical picture variability. Ehrlichiosis is becoming a more prevalent tick-borne illness in endemic regions and a relatively uncommon but increasingly considered cause of HLH.

Case Presentation

We describe the cases of 2 patients diagnosed with secondary HLH as per the …

Investigating The Effects Of Nosocomial Clostridioides Difficile Infection Among Acute Leukemia Patients: Insights From The 2020 National Inpatient Sample, Zubair Hassan Bodla, Mariam Hashmi, Fatima Niaz, Umer Farooq, Muhammad Jahanzeb Khalil, Farhan Khalid, Kipson Charles, Christopher L. Bray

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Rising nosocomial Clostridioides difficile infections pose high risks, especially for immunocompromised leukemia patients, necessitating targeted research to enhance patient care and outcomes.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of nosocomial Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) on patients hospitalized with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Methods

Our study was a retrospective analysis of adult patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of ALL or AML, using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for 2020. Primary outcomes included the incidence of nosocomial CDI and all-cause inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, resource …

Learning Paradigms For Rhythm Detection And Generation Using Mathematical Models, Biophysical And Artificial Neural Networks, Prianka Bose

Dissertations

Humans possess an inherent ability to recognize evenly-spaced rhythms, known as isochronous rhythms, owing to the brain's predisposition to entrain to external auditory stimuli with regular temporal intervals. The central focus of this research is to understand how the brain learns and retains rhythmic time intervals in the context of music. This dissertation studies rhythm detection and generation through mathematical models, biophysical networks, and artificial neural networks, addressing both isochronous and non-isochronous patterns.

A primary focus of the thesis is on isochronous rhythms. In particular, given a perturbation to an isochronous rhythm such as a tempo change or phase shift …

A Case Report Of Long-Latency Evoked Diaphragm Potentials After Exposure To Acute Intermittent Hypoxia In Post-West Nile Virus Meningoencephalitis, Joseph F. Welch, Erica A. Dale, Jayakrishnan Nair, Paul W. Davenport, Emily J. Fox, Gordon S. Mitchell

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

We present a case report of a 42-year-old female with post-West Nile virus meningoencephalitis who exhibited unique, long-latency diaphragm potentials evoked by transcranial and cervical magnetic stimulation after exposure to acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH). The subject was recruited for a study investigating AIH effects on respiratory motor function in healthy individuals. She had contracted West Nile virus infection 5 years before assessment that resulted in hospitalization and persistent allodynia but was not reported to the research team. During the study, transcranial (TMS) and cervical (CMS) magnetic stimulation were performed before and 30-60 min after a single presentation of AIH [15, …

Machine Learning Methods For Pattern Recognition Analysis Of Genomic And Molecular Data, Kuang Du

Dissertations

While immune therapies achieve remarkable success in treating various cancers, only a subset of patients achieves a durable clinical response, and many exhibit innate or acquired resistance. Precision medicine aims to tailor treatments to individual patients based on specific biological markers, ensuring that each patient receives the therapy most likely to be effective. Predictive biomarkers and gene signatures offer potential for more personalized treatment strategies by identifying patients likely to benefit. Recent studies suggest that gene signatures, comprising sets of genes, hold predictive value for certain clinical variables. Typically derived from biological expert knowledge, these signatures demonstrate substantial predictive potential, …

Smallpox Outbreaks And Immunization Policies In Tanzania From The Late Nineteenth Century To The First World War, Lorne Larson

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

An estimated 300 million people died globally from smallpox in the 20th century alone. There was very much a North/South divide in the existence of the disease in that period, with countries across South America, Africa and Asia recording the majority of cases. In 1966 the World Health Organization launched an intensive effort to finally eliminate the disease. The last known endemic case of smallpox was reported in Somalia in 1977, and that outbreak was promptly contained. In 1980 smallpox was declared eradicated – the only infectious disease affecting humans to achieve this distinction. This remains among the most notable …

Biological Abnormalities In Long Covid Disease: A Mini Review, Abbas F. Almulla, Hanaa Addai Ali

NJF Biomedicine Journal

Long COVID (LC) is characterized by prolonged, diverse symptoms affecting multiple organ systems, including but not limiting to the immune, neurological, and cardiovascular systems. This mini review explores the biological abnormalities underpinning LC, focusing on immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction as key contributors to its persistence. Recent studies indicate that LC may involve sustained elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, autoimmunity, and T-cell exhaustion, all of which perpetuate a state of low-grade chronic inflammation. Additionally, oxidative and nitrosative stress linked to mitochondrial damage exacerbates fatigue, mood and cognitive symptoms, while hormonal imbalances and metabolic disturbances further complicate the …

Detection Of Some Virulence Factor Genes Among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Ocular Infections In Hilla City, Zaid Kadhim Jassim Alsultany, Ali Turki, Hayat Ghaith Sachit, Hiyam Faez Ahmed

NJF Biomedicine Journal

This investigation examined 100 individuals who had symptoms of acute inflammation affecting the cornea, conjunctiva, and eyelids. Hilla City's private eye clinic welcomed the patients. For 18--24 hours at 37°C, the materials were cultured in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Colony morphology, microscopy, and biochemical testing were used to diagnose Staphylococcus aureus infections. The specific positive cards of the Vitek 2 system were used to isolate these isolates. Out of 100 specimens, 65 65%) were found to be associated with different types of microbes, but only 35(35% of the total) tested positive for S. aureus in culture. Out of the …

Review On Intestinal Protozoan Parasites (Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Control And Prevention), Hawraa Salih Dhahir Aljaefari, Bent Alhuda Hussein Neamah, Zahraa Husam Jaber Assarraf, Zainab Hameed Selman Al-Ziyadee

NJF Biomedicine Journal

Intestinal protozoan parasites spread all the world and associated between man and animals. They are transmitted to man through consuming drinks and food contaminated with parasite cysts. They infect all age groups, each of these protozoa is characterized by special and distinctive symptoms such as fever,chills and abdominal pain, may have only mild abdominal discomfort or no symptoms at all but the main distinctive symptom of the infection is severe diarrhea. Sometimes the infection is not limited to the intestines only, but is transmitted to other organs. diagnosis of intestinal protozoan infections based on symptoms and physical findings is difficult; …

Using Technology To Manage A Distributed Workforce & Work Together Seamlessly, Indiana Continuing Legal Education Forum (Iclef)

Indiana Continuing Legal Education Forum 2024

Meeting proceedings of a seminar by the same name, held October 11, 2024.

Prevalence Of Abortifacient Disorders In Small Ruminants: A Comprehensive Review, Abdul Saboor, Qudratullah Kalwar, Muhammad Mohsen Rahimoon, Hubdar Ali Kolachi, Sajad Ali Laghari, Asmatullah Kaka, Rafique Ahmed, Fayaz Hussain, Taj Muhammad, Atthar Uddin

Journal of Bioresource Management

Abortifacient disorders in small ruminants present a serious problem for livestock farmers, leading to financial losses and lower production rates. This review examines both infectious and non-infectious factors that cause abortions in goats (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries), which are crucial animals in rural farming practices. Infectious causes, such as bacteria (Brucella melitensis, Chlamydia abortus, Coxiella burnetii), viruses (bluetongue, border disease), and parasites (Toxoplasma gondii), are major factors in reproductive health problems, resulting in considerable livestock losses. Additionally, non-infectious factors like poor nutrition, toxins, and genetic issues also contribute to these …

Descriptions Of Adolescent Holistic Knowledge About Hiv/Aids At State Islamic Junior High School 2 Jember, Chilmiyatur Rosidah

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

HIV/AIDS is a global health issue, with the number of sufferers tending to increase each year. In 2015, there were 30,935 new HIV cases, and by 2020, this number had risen to 41,987 cases, indicating a 35.77 percent increase in new cases between 2015 and 2020. Adolescents constitute one of the groups vulnerable to HIV/AIDS due to a lack of holistic knowledge on the subject. Knowledge related to HIV/AIDS is crucial for adolescents, as the adolescent phase is characterized by an increase in hormone production, which may trigger risky sexual behavior. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with Focus …

Epigenetic Modification Of Fungi And Uses Thereof, Bill J. Baker, Dennis E. Kyle, Mario Alberto Rodriguez-Pã©Rez, Anne-Claire D. Limon, Ala Azhari

USF Patents

Described herein are methods of epigenetic modification of fungi and uses thereof. Also described herein are compounds that can have antileishmanial activity and formulations thereof. Also described herein are methods of treating leishmanial infection in a subject that include the step of administering a compound or formulation thereof described herein to the subject.

The Relationship Between Breast Milk Coverage, Mother's Education Level, Sanitation Hygiene, And Infectional Diseases And Incidents Of Stunting In Toddler In Bangkalan District, East Java, Septa Katmawanti, Achmad Masfi, Ronal Surya Aditya, Dea Aflah Samah, Fatiya Rizka Putri, Oktavia Sri Wahyuni, Muhammad Fahmi Rabbani, Purnama Devita Sari

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

Stunting remains a pressing global health issue, with 149 million children affected in 2020. In Bangkalan District, East Java, stunting prevalence reaches 25.2 percent, exceeding the provincial average of 19.2 percent. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing stunting, including breastfeeding coverage, maternal education, hygiene, and infectious diseases. Conducted from August to September 2023 in the Blega Health Center area, this analytical correlation study involved 35 toddlers aged 24–59 months selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and interviews, then analyzed using chi-square tests in SPSS. The results revealed significant relationships between exclusive breastfeeding and …

Targeting Safety: Hazard Identification And Risk Assessment In The Work Of Wood Carving In Tunjungsekar, Malang City, Using The Hiradc Method, Resti Novita Sari, Awanda Putra Pratama, Maharani Rohma Hidayanti, Nadia Rosalinda, Nurmila Kurnia, Shalma Khoirun Nisa, Anita Sulistyorini

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

The furniture industry in Tunjungsekar Subdistrict has become one of the leading industrial centers in Malang City, successfully boosting the local economy by employing 90 percent of the workforce. However, this industry faces productivity challenges due to an ergonomically unfavorable work environment. Therefore, practical actions and in-depth analysis are needed to improve the work environment issues. This study aims to identify hazards and assess risks associated with the work of wood carving artisans in Tunjungsekar, Malang City, using the HIRADC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control) method. Identification was carried out through direct observation and interviews with artisans, followed …

Relationship Between Personal Hygiene And Environmental Sanitation To The Presence Of Escherichia Coli Bacteria In Food, Erica Ardhana Fathimah Azzahra, Vivi Novianti, Muhammad Al-Irsyad

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

Food safety is one of the significant public health issues, especially in developing countries. The extraordinary incidence of food poisoning and a high number of cases of gastrointestinal infections in Malang City indicate infection with the bacteria that cause dysentery, namely E.coli. This study evaluated hygiene-sanitation practices at food stalls in Area Terusan Ambarawa Malang City. This study aimed to identify Escherichia coli bacteria in 11 food stalls and assess the relationship of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene of food handlers to the presence of E.coli. This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, data collection using …

Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis With Cardiobacterium Hominis: A Case Report, Kaci Griffin, Timothy Jang, Rees Adomako, Jasmine R. Marcelin, Jonathan H. Ryder

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

Background: Cardiobacterium hominis (C. hominis) is an uncommon cause of infective endocarditis and often presents sub-acutely with fevers, cardiac murmurs, or embolic phenomena. We present a rare case of C. hominis infective prosthetic valve endocarditis that presented with new-onset atrial flutter and systemic emboli.

Case: A 38-year-old male presented to the emergency department with palpitations, shortness of breath, and chest tightness and was found to be in atrial flutter. He underwent a transesophageal echocardiogram-guided cardioversion and was incidentally found to have a one-centimeter echodensity on the ventricular side of his prosthetic aortic valve. (Figure 1.) He …

Phytochemical Screening And Medicinal Properties Of Caralluma Fimbriata And Moringa Oleifera, Ammara Tariq, Anum Ashfaq, Kalsoom Sughra, Ayesha Hameed

Journal of Bioresource Management

The research was intended to evaluate the medicinal properties of Caralluma fimbriata and Moringa oleifera, as these plants are well known for their therapeutic activities. Qualitative analysis of the phytochemical components of these plants was used to identify the existence of potentially useful therapeutic compounds. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts were assessed and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated using the DPPH assay and the protein denaturation inhibition assay, respectively. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests were utilized to determine the plant extract's effectiveness as an antidiabetic agent. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of medicinally beneficial compounds …

Partnerships To Improve Access To Healthcare For Refugees And Immigrants In Philadelphia, Jessica Deffler, Chelsea Salas-Tam, Jenna Gosnay, Marc Altshuler

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

The United States has welcomed refugees since World War II. Currently, the world is experiencing an unparalleled refugee crisis that calls for action by nations across the globe. There are over 82 million people who are forcibly displaced from their homes today (UNHCR Global Trends, Forced displacement in 2020. [cited 2021 Sep 28]. Available from: https://www.unhcr.org/flagship-reports/globaltrends/). Over the last decade, Philadelphia has become home to hundreds of refugees from countries in Southeast and Central Asia, Africa, the Middle East, as well as many others. For newly arrived refugees, finding stable housing, medical care, and employment is difficult due to cultural, …

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Its Resistance, Thana Khawcharoenporn

Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine

No abstract provided.

Acute Myocarditis Secondary To Human Metapneumovirus: A Case Series And Mini-Review, Hussam Al Hennawi, Aamna Khan, Alexander Shpilman, Jennifer A. Mazzoni

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

Among viral myocarditis, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a rare causative agent with associated cardiac complications. This report provides insight into the disease progression and sheds light on reported cases from the literature. We present the clinical courses of two patients, aged 68 and 58, who developed myocarditis secondary to hMPV infection. Despite the typical severity associated with viral myocarditis in older populations, both patients experienced significant improvement in their condition and ultimately survived. This report highlights the necessity of recognizing hMPV as a potential cause of myocarditis, particularly in older adults presenting with simultaneous respiratory and cardiac symptoms. The recovery …

Hubungan Antara Hipertensi Dan Kematian Pasien Covid-19 Di Layanan Rawat Inap Rsud Tarakan Tahun 2022 (Association Between Hypertension And Mortality Of Covid-19 Inpatients At Tarakan Regional General Hospital In 2022), Karina Widyasari, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 was the leading disease in terms of the highest number of hospital admissions and cause of death at the Tarakan Regional General Hospital (RSUD Tarakan) in 2022. COVID-19 patients who received treatment at the hospital were often individuals with underlying conditions, such as hypertension. Therefore, it is important to conduct research on comorbidities, specifically hypertension, and its relationship to COVID-19 mortality at the RSUD Tarakan’s inpatient in 2022, so the hospital can design spesific care plans for COVID-19 patients with hypertension. …

Mathematical Modelling And Analysis For The Co-Infection Of Viral And Bacterial Diseases: A Systematic Review Protocol, Timothy Kiprono Yano, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah, Julia Collins, Ute Mueller, Steven Richardson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction Breaking the chain of transmission of an infectious disease pathogen is a major public health priority. The challenges of understanding, describing and predicting the transmission dynamics of infections have led to a wide range of mathematical, statistical and biological research problems. Advances in diagnostic laboratory procedures with the ability to test multiple pathogens simultaneously mean that co-infections are increasingly being detected, yet little is known about the impact of co-infections in shaping the course of an infection, infectivity, and pathogen replication rate. This is particularly true of the apparent synergistic effects of viral and bacterial co-infections, which present the …

Saponin Tql1055 Adjuvant-Containing Vaccine Confers Protection Upon Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Challenge In Mice, Mushtaq Ahmed, Eric Farris, Rosemary V Swanson, Shibali Das, Yan Yang, Tyler Martin, Shabaana A Khader

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen

Inter-Institutional Analysis Of Skin Of Color Representation In Dermatological Lecture Content At Md And Do Medical Schools, Oluwafunke O. Ogunremi, Blake Fredericksen, John Komas, Sana F. Ismail, Siri Knusten-Larson, Valeriy Kozmenko, Afia Albin

Student Publications

The purpose of this study was to analyze the lecture materials provided in medical schools through a diversity lens. Skin pathologies manifest distinctively on various shades of skin and physicians must be equipped with the proper knowledge to identify and diagnose these conditions accurately and promptly. For most medical students, images in prominent textbooks and lecture slides are their first encounter with disease presentations. Therefore, it is important to analyze the diversity of skin tones in the content that is being delivered. Specifically, the use of images featuring darker skin tones compared to those depicting lighter skin tones. This study …

Approved Car-T Therapies Have Reproducible Efficacy And Safety In Clinical Practice, Daniel Goyco Vera, Hiral Waghela, Mohamed Nuh, Jonathan Pan, Premal Lulla

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

CAR-T cell therapy has established itself as a highly effective treatment for hematological malignancies. There are currently six commercial CAR-T products that have been FDA approved for diseases such as B-ALL, LBCL, MCL, FL, MM, and CLL/SLL. "Real-world" studies allow us to evaluate outcomes from the general population to determine their efficacy and safety compared to those who were included in the original trials. Based on several well conducted "Real-world" studies that represent diverse populations, we report that outcomes from the original trials that led to the approval of these therapies are comparable to those in practice.

Modelling The Effects Of Antiretroviral Therapy On Kidney Diseases Among Hiv Infected Individuals In Tanzania, Janeth Pancras Mchwampaka, Eunice Mureithi, Nyimvua Shaban Mbare

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study examined the role of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the dynamics of kidney diseases among HIV-infected individuals. A deterministic model was formulated for the dynamics of kidney disease in HIV-infected people with HAART as treatment in the model. Numerical simulations showed that though HAART reduces HIV progression to the AIDS stage, there is an increase in HIV-related kidney diseases. Also, the result obtained in this study showed that reducing the effective contact rate of HIV and improving the effectiveness of HAART by 99% in preventing the progression from HIV without symptoms group to HIV-related kidney diseases can …