Digital Commons Network^™

Testing Compliance, Brandon L. Garrett, Gregory Mitchell

Law and Contemporary Problems

No abstract provided.

Door Shut And Ears Plugged: How Consumer Reporting Casts Identity Theft Victims Out Of Financial Society And How The Law Can Be Harmonized To Bring Them Back In, Ryan Bolger

Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law

Consumer Reporting Agencies (CRAs) are the gatekeepers to the American economy. As the chief informants for prospective lenders, landlords, and employers, they exert immense power over the day-to-day decisions of who gets what. Despite these high stakes, the CRAs run consumer reporting as an automated electronic process that causes a lot of reporting errors, disqualifying consumers from essential goods, services, and opportunities. This is painfully true in the context of identity theft, where perverse incentives pollute the integrity of consumer reporting, piling undue harm onto identity theft victims. The law provides a remedy for this problem, but circuit courts are …

Online Victimization, Social Media Utilization, And Cyber Crime Prevention Measures, Claudia San Miguel, Kristina Morales, Marcus Antonius Ynalvez

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

Engaging concepts germane to lifestyle-routine activities theory (LRAT), this study examines how social media (SM) utilization shapes online victimization experience. It also explores how considerations about online prevention measures play a moderating role between utilization and victimization. This study focuses on the Facebook® utilization of a subset of the U.S. population hitherto understudied in cybercrime prevention studies: Hispanics. An online survey was used to collect information pertaining to respondents’ online victimization experience, social media utilization, and aspects of prevention measures. Logistic and negative binomial regression analyses were performed on two measures of online victimization (ever victimized and frequency of victimization). …

Guns-For-Hire: Chinese Mercenaries On The 21st Century Silk Road, Carl H. Peterson Iv

Washington International Law Journal

There has been an increased global use of private military contractors (PMCs) since the large-scale American use of them in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This has included an increase in Russian and now Chinese PMCs. As China continues to develop its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), it is likely that the world will see an increase in the number of Chinese PMCs used to protect these projects. In this event it is important to bring Chinese PMCs into the PMC industry’s most effective private regulatory bodies, as these bodies are often more effective at ensuring ethical PMC conduct …

Classifying Imbalanced Financial Fraud Data Utilizing Enhanced Random Forest Algorithm, Charles Gardner

Master of Science in Computer Science Theses

Imbalanced datasets have been a unique challenge for machine learning, requiring specialized approaches to correctly classify the minority class. Financial fraud detection involves using highly imbalanced datasets with a class imbalance of up to .01% frauds to 99.99% regular transactions. It is essential to identify all frauds in financial fraud detection, even if some classifications' precision is low. I developed a random forest assembly that separates fraudulent transactions into tiers of precision. With this approach, 96% of fraudulent transactions are identified, showing an 8% increase in recall when compared to standard approaches. 59% of fraud classifications' precision increases by 10% …

Adaptive Ensemble Of Classifiers With Regularization For Imbalanced Data Classification, Chen Wang, Chengyuan Deng, Zhoulu Yu, Dafeng Hui, Xiaofeng Gong, Ruisen Luo

Biology Faculty Research

The dynamic ensemble selection of classifiers is an effective approach for processing label-imbalanced data classifications. However, such a technique is prone to overfitting, owing to the lack of regularization methods and the dependence on local geometry of data. In this study, focusing on binary imbalanced data classification, a novel dynamic ensemble method, namely adaptive ensemble of classifiers with regularization (AER), is proposed, to overcome the stated limitations. The method solves the overfitting problem through a new perspective of implicit regularization. Specifically, it leverages the properties of stochastic gradient descent to obtain the solution with the minimum norm, thereby achieving regularization; …

Emerging Internet Technologies And The Regulation Of User Privacy, Phil Nyoni, Mthulisi Velempini, Nehemiah Mavetera

The African Journal of Information Systems

Modern Internet-based technologies pose a threat to privacy, as they possess multiple sensors or features that collect data about users. There is a need to determine the privacy risks that affect users in South Africa as there are a few studies on the subject. A qualitative study was done which involved interviewing seven experts and a survey consisting of 101 respondents. The results show that regulators view emerging technologies as potentially risky and are motivated by public interest to develop protective laws. It therefore is necessary that regulators develop robust laws to help prevent privacy violations. Furthermore, this paper proposes …

The Role Of "Commercial Morality" In Trade Secret Doctrine, Lynda J. Oswald

Notre Dame Law Review

The approaching anniversary of E.I. duPont deNemours & Co. v. Christopher is the impetus for this exploration and evaluation of the role of “commercial morality” in trade secret misappropriation doctrine. Christopher is the well-known industrial espionage case in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that flying an airplane over an under-construction manufacturing facility to take photos of briefly-but-inevitably exposed trade secrets was an “improper means” of accessing a trade secret and was contrary to standards of “commercial morality.”

Commercial morality has played a significant but shifting role in trade secret law over the past seven …

Class Action Squared: Multistate Actions And Agency Dilemmas, Elysa M. Dishman

Notre Dame Law Review

As the Supreme Court continues to restrict the reach of private class actions, numerous commentators have championed public enforcement actions by state attorneys general (AGs) as a superior alternative to hold corporations accountable for misconduct. While AG actions fill some of the void left by the forced retreat of the private class action, few scholars have seriously considered whether the agency problems that exist in private class actions also occur in AG actions. And, until now, no scholar has recognized the unique agency problems that arise when AGs act together in multistate actions.

Multistate actions are made up of two …

The Lost Justification: White-Collar Crime And The Argument For Expanding Brady Rights, Chris Dernbach

Seton Hall Law Review

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Computer Capers: Tales Of Electronic Thievery, Embezzlement, And Fraud. By Thomas Whiteside, Brian Nussbaum

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

No abstract provided.

How Does The Capability Of Top Management Influence Financial Reporting Fraud?, Michael Wojcikiewicz

Honors Projects in Finance

This study examines the attributes which capture the capability of a perpetrator to engage in financial reporting fraud. Fraudulent financial reporting can be devastating for a company and its employees. Capability includes such measures as the person’s position and the function in which they work. The study reveals how capability influences the occurrence of fraud, the amount of the fraud, and whether capability interacts with concealing the fraud from an audit. The results of the thesis should assist fraud professionals, investors, and regulators as well as stakeholders of corporations by examining publicly available data and highlighting characteristics that can contribute …

Forging A Path Towards Meaningful Digital Privacy: Data Monetization And The Ccpa, Rebecca Harris

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) was passed in response to a number of newsworthy data breaches with widespread impacts, and which revealed how little digital privacy consumers actually have. Despite the large market for consumer data, individual consumers generally do not earn money when their personal data are sold. Further, consumers have very little control over who collects their data, what information is collected, and with whom it is shared. To place control back in the hands of the consumer, affirmative consent should be required to collect and sell consumer’s data, and consumers should have the ability to sell …

Financial Capability And Asset Building In Social And Economic Development: Advancing The Sustainable Development Goals, David Ansong, Moses Okumu, Jin Huang`, Margaret S. Sherraden, Lissa Johnson, Li Zou

Center for Social Development Research

The concern for economic well-being undergirds most of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This Perspective articulates an agenda for advancing those goals in resource-constrained countries by leveraging financial capability and asset-building (FCAB) strategies. It also specifies a role for financial technology (commonly called “FinTech”) in this work. The authors conclude with a call for better integrating FCAB and FinTech into plans for advancing the SDGs.

Oig: Semiannual Report To Congress, Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors: Office Of Inspector General

Documents

No abstract provided.

A Survey Of Serious Games For Cybersecurity Education And Training, Winston Anthony Hill Jr., Mesafint Fanuel, Xiaohong Yuan, Jinghua Zhang, Sajad Sajad

KSU Proceedings on Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

Serious games can challenge users in competitive and entertaining ways. Educators have used serious games to increase student engagement in cybersecurity education. Serious games have been developed to teach students various cybersecurity topics such as safe online behavior, threats and attacks, malware, and more. They have been used in cybersecurity training and education at different levels. Serious games have targeted different audiences such as K-12 students, undergraduate and graduate students in academic institutions, and professionals in the cybersecurity workforce. In this paper, we provide a survey of serious games used in cybersecurity education and training. We categorize these games into …

Virtual Fall Meeting Of The Council Of The American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants, October 20-21, 2020,With Index Volume 1, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Council

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

Virtual Fall Meeting Of The Council Of The American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants, October 20-21, 2020, Volume 1, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants, Council

Association Sections, Divisions, Boards, Teams

No abstract provided.

David Versus Godzilla: Bigger Stones, Jerry Ellig, Richard Williams

Dickinson Law Review (2017-Present)

For four decades, U.S. Presidents have issued executive orders requiring agencies to conduct comprehensive regulatory impact analysis (RIA) for significant regulations to ensure that regulatory decisions solve social problems in a cost-beneficial manner. Yet experience demonstrates that agency RIAs often fail to live up to the standards enunciated in executive orders and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) guidance. The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) oversees agency compliance with the executive orders, but OIRA is about half the size it was when it was established in 1980. Regulatory agency staff outnumber OIRA staff by a ratio of 3600 …

Inability Of Leaders Of Religious Not-For-Profit Organizations In New Jersey To Identify And Implement Adequate Internal Accounting Controls To Detect And Deter Accounting Fraud, Wayne Terrence Balfour

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study examined the inability of leaders of religious not-for-profit organizations (RNPOs) in New Jersey to identify and implement adequate accounting internal controls to detect and deter accounting fraud. Fraud affects all organizations negatively, including those that are religiously altruistic with good intentions. This study argued that protecting the organization’s resources rests primarily upon the shoulders of its leaders. Previous studies argued that philanthropic organizations were more prone to fraud because of poor management, enormous trust in their employees, and poor internal accounting controls. This multi-case qualitative study studied ten RNPO leaders, validating and contradicting some previous findings of not-for-profit …

The Future Of Work Now: Ai-Driven Transaction Surveillance At Dbs Bank, Thomas H. Davenport, Steven M. Miller

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

One of the most frequently-used phrases at business events these days is “the future of work.” It’s increasingly clear that artificial intelligence and other new technologies will bring substantial changes in work tasks and business processes. But while these changes are predicted for the future, they’re already present in many organizations for many different jobs. The job and incumbents described below are an example of this phenomenon. Steve Miller of Singapore Management University and I co-authored the story.

Cas Honors Symposium Program, Fall 2020, College Of Arts & Sciences Honors Program

College of Arts & Sciences Honors in the Major Symposium

No abstract provided.

Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 38, Issue 3, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Table of Contents

Encounters Between The Elderly And Law Enforcement: An Overview Of Mental Illness, Addictions, Victims And Criminals

Contemporary Southern Psychology

Abstract

The elderly population is growing dramatically throughout the world. Out of this growth comes an increase in the number of encounters between the aged and law enforcement. These encounters occur because of a variety of factors including mental illnesses and addictions. Furthermore, older adults may be victims as evidenced in different forms of abuse such as physical, emotional, or financial abuse. Sadly, some documentation exists that older adults are committing more crimes. Multiple reasons have been postulated for these crimes including poverty, jealousy, and boredom. All of these different situations with the aged have created an increase in the …

Machine Learning Techniques For Credit Card Fraud Detection, Hossam Eldin Mohammed Abd El-Hamid Ahmed Abdou, Wael Khalifa, Mohamed Ismail Roushdy, Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem

Future Computing and Informatics Journal

The term “fraud”, it always concerned about credit card fraud in our minds. And after the significant increase in the transactions of credit card, the fraud of credit card increased extremely in last years. So the fraud detection should include surveillance of the spending attitude for the person/customer to the determination, avoidance, and detection of unwanted behavior. Because the credit card is the most payment predominant way for the online and regular purchasing, the credit card fraud raises highly. The Fraud detection is not only concerned with capturing of the fraudulent practices, but also, discover it as fast as they …

Neuro-Fuzzy Data Mining System For Identifying E-Commerce Related Threats, Saibu Aliyu Haruna, Akinyede Raphael Olufemi, Boyinbode Olutayo Kehinde

Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)

E-commerce is driven via Information Technology (IT), especially the web, and it mostly relies upon on innovative technologies that are facilitated by Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Payment over the web. Several researches have shown that e-commerce platforms are compromised by means of phishing and fraud attacks. This has necessitated the importance of trying to find innovative methodologies for protecting e-commerce systems and users from the said threats. This research integrates Case Based Reasoning Module (CBRM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to spot and categorise e-commerce websites transactions as legitimate or illegitimate by analysing and evaluating some attributes. …

Alum Earns Fellowship To Help Victims Of Elder Abuse, Seattle University School Of Law

News Center Articles

No abstract provided.

Drafting Under The Upoaa: Safeguarding Against Elder Financial Exploitation Without Compromising Autonomy, Jessica A. Liebau

ACTEC Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Dollars For Daesh: Analyzing The Finances Of American Isis Supporters, Lorenzo Vidino, Jon Lewis, Andrew Mines, Program On Extremism, George Washington University, National Counterterrorism Innovation, Technology, And Education Center

Reports, Projects, and Research

This report focuses on the financial component of the Islamic State-related mobilization in the U.S. between 2013, when the first arrest of an individual linked to IS took place, and August 2020. As such, it contains a study of all the 209 individuals charged for Islamic State-related offenses in the country, and shows that, save for a few exceptions, the vast majority of U.S.-based IS supporters left a remarkably small financial footprint. Whether they focused on traveling overseas to join IS, carrying out attacks domestically or providing other forms of support to the group, most American IS supporters raised small …

The Threat Of Data Misuse As An Injury-In-Fact: Establishing A Uniform Framework For Constitutional Standing In The Privacy Era, Isabella Anderson

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.