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2017

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Removal Of Organic Material In Free Water Surface Gravel Bed Filters, Aloyce Mayo Dec 2017

Removal Of Organic Material In Free Water Surface Gravel Bed Filters, Aloyce Mayo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The removal of organic material in free surface gravel bed filters was investigated and modelled. Two pilot wetland units of 7.5m x 1.5m x 0.7m were constructed adjacent to the University of Dar es Salaam waste stabilization ponds to receive maximum organic and hydraulic loading rates of less than 185 kg/ha/d and 110 l/m2/d, respectively. These units received wastewater of domestic characteristics from primary stabilization pond. The entire depth of 0.7 m of the wetland units were packed with gravel of size 8 ~ 25 mm and porosity of 35%. Samples were collected from the influent and effluent of wetland …

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Moisture Induced Deformations In Glulam Members - Experiments And 3-D Finite Element Model, Henry Meleki Kiwelu Dec 2017

Moisture Induced Deformations In Glulam Members - Experiments And 3-D Finite Element Model, Henry Meleki Kiwelu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Experiments were performed on scaled glue laminated bending specimens to observe time dependent development of deformations during drying and wetting. Measurements determined changes in the average moisture content and external shape and dimensions between when specimens were placed into constant or variable climates. Alterations in the external shape and dimensions reflected changes in the average value and distribution of moisture and mechanosorptive creep in the glulam. The results are being used to develop a sequentially-coupled three-dimensional hygrothermal Finite Element (FE) model for predicting temporally varying internal strains and external deformations of drying or wetting solid wood structural components. The model …

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Handling Of Syringe Sharps In A Non-Incineration Health Care Waste Disposal, Tito Mwinuka Dec 2017

Handling Of Syringe Sharps In A Non-Incineration Health Care Waste Disposal, Tito Mwinuka

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

An attempt has been made by the R&D team of the University of Dar es Salaam to design and manufacture two needle cutter prototypes, a manually operated and an automatic needle cutter to be used in rural and urban areas, respectively. This is part of the UNDP and WHO efforts aimed at promoting the non-burn medical waste disposal technologies in developing countries such as Argentina, India, Latvia, Lebanon, Philippines, Senegal, Tanzania and Vietnam. The project also involves designing and manufacturing of the autoclaves for sterilizing of needle cutters and other infectious medical waste. The use of needle cutters in hospitals …

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Effect Of Habitat Fragmentation On Diversity And Abundance Of Nesting Birds In An Urban Landscape: The Case Of Mwalimu Nyerere Campus Thickets, University Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, John Shirima, Chacha Werema Dec 2017

Effect Of Habitat Fragmentation On Diversity And Abundance Of Nesting Birds In An Urban Landscape: The Case Of Mwalimu Nyerere Campus Thickets, University Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, John Shirima, Chacha Werema

Tanzania Journal of Science

Little is known of the nesting bird species in most of urban areas of East Africa. An investigation was made of the occurrence of breeding bird species in the fragmented thickets found in the Mwalimu Nyerere Campus of the University of Dar es Salaam, in the City of Dar es Salaam. The study examined how habitat fragmentation affects nesting bird species richness and diversity in the thickets. Systematic physical nest searches of breeding birds were conducted in the fragmented thickets. Searches were conducted in transects and they included inspecting vegetation, bare ground, cavities, stream (river) banks and other suitable nesting …

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Prediction Of Rainfall In The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Pasvolo Mwinuka, Christian Uiso Dec 2017

Prediction Of Rainfall In The Southern Highlands Of Tanzania, Pasvolo Mwinuka, Christian Uiso

Tanzania Journal of Science

Previous studies on the variability of March to May (MAM) and October to December (OND) rainfall in East Africa have mainly covered the whole region without considering the local climate zones such as the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Results from the regional studies have shown that the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) have strong association with OND rainfall and weak one with MAM rainfall in East Africa. The present study was aimed at determining the potential predictors for the MAM and OND rainfall by considering IOD, El Ni o Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBOu30 and …

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Exploring Technological Strategies For Valorization Of Solid Sisal Waste: A Research Review, Amelia Kivaisi, Anthony Mshandete Dec 2017

Exploring Technological Strategies For Valorization Of Solid Sisal Waste: A Research Review, Amelia Kivaisi, Anthony Mshandete

Tanzania Journal of Science

The sisal industry in Tanzania generates large amounts of waste which is an un-tapped bioresource. Research was undertaken to establish appropriate technologies  for its valorisation to mushrooms, biogas and biogas manure (BGM).Physical and biological pre-treatments achieved methane yield increments of 23-30% whereas co-digestion with fish waste achieved methane yield increments of 59-94%. Sisal fibre waste was demonstrated to be a novel biofilm-carrier for treating sisal pulp leachate. With a loading rate of 9.0 kgVS/m3/day, the packed-bed bioreactor was operated without process stress. Sisal decortication waste (SLDW) and sisal boles (SBW) were found to be suitable for oyster mushroom cultivation. With …

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Ecological Carrying Capacity Of Saanane Island Proposed National Park, Mwanza, Tanzania, Cl Nahonyo, G Sangu Dec 2017

Ecological Carrying Capacity Of Saanane Island Proposed National Park, Mwanza, Tanzania, Cl Nahonyo, G Sangu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The study on ecological carrying capacity of Saanane Island aimed at assessing stocking capacity of the island to provide guidance to the introduction of animals to enhance its ecological value and tourism potential. To evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of the Island, wet and dry season data were collected in 2014 for woody, herbaceous and grass species using PCQ and quadrat methods Wet and dry weights biomass of the forage material was measured to determine dry matter content and are presented as dry weight biomass. Total productivity was 4,280 kg/ha dry weight in wet season which increased to 7,965 kg/ha …

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Design Of A Small Scale Wind Generator For Low Wind Speed Areas, Ra Msuya, Rrm Kainkwa, Mi Mgwatu Dec 2017

Design Of A Small Scale Wind Generator For Low Wind Speed Areas, Ra Msuya, Rrm Kainkwa, Mi Mgwatu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Most small scale level wind turbine generators are directly driven system, variable speed, and partially connected power electronic converter system. Choice of such system is to avoid costs associated with gearbox. However, due to low wind speed in most of the tropical countries, synchronous generators with smaller or medium speed Permanent Magnet (PM) generator design found to be important and given high performance efficiency. In order to be able to harvest wind energy in off-grid population efficiently, there was a need to design a synchronous generator that can be able to operate under low wind speed, directly connected to the …

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Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Boletus Bicolor, A Basidiomycetes Mushroom Indigenous To Tanzania, Donatha Tibuhwa Dec 2017

Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Boletus Bicolor, A Basidiomycetes Mushroom Indigenous To Tanzania, Donatha Tibuhwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Boletus bicolor commonly known as coloured bolete is a basidiomyctes mushroom species widely used as a delicacy and its extract has been used traditionally to treat several human ailments in Tanzania. This study evaluates its extracts in order to provide a scientific foundation on the possible application in folk medicine system based on the biochemical evaluation. Standard microbes Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were used to test, the antifungal and antibacterial activity.  Cytotoxicity test was also done on the extracts using brine shrimp test. Besides, the extracts were also used to investigate for antioxidant activity using DPPH  (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical). …

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A Comparative Study Of Species Diversity Of Migrant Birds Between Protected And Unprotected Areas Of The Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria, As Ringim, Fj Magige, Rm Jasson Dec 2017

A Comparative Study Of Species Diversity Of Migrant Birds Between Protected And Unprotected Areas Of The Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria, As Ringim, Fj Magige, Rm Jasson

Tanzania Journal of Science

Among the most complex and fascinating behaviour in birds is their long, non-stop migration. Despite Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands (Ramsar site) being an important wintering ground for migratory birds, little is known about the diversity while density is completely lacking. This study assessed the status of migratory birds in the wetland’s Protected Areas (PAs) and Unprotected Areas (UPAs). A total of 99 census points spaced 400 m apart with radius of 100 m were surveyed from 14 wetlands (48 point count stations in the PAs and 51 in the UPAs). A total of 54 migrant bird species belonging to 13 orders and …

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Conservation Efforts Of Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis: Its Discovery, Captive Breeding, Extinction In The Wild And Re-Introduction, Cuthbert Nahonyo, Ezekiel Goboro, Wilirk Ngalason, Severinus Mutagwaba, Ichard Ugomba, Mohammed Nassoro, Emmanuel Nkombe Dec 2017

Conservation Efforts Of Kihansi Spray Toad Nectophrynoides Asperginis: Its Discovery, Captive Breeding, Extinction In The Wild And Re-Introduction, Cuthbert Nahonyo, Ezekiel Goboro, Wilirk Ngalason, Severinus Mutagwaba, Ichard Ugomba, Mohammed Nassoro, Emmanuel Nkombe

Tanzania Journal of Science

Species conservation depends on the initiatives to restore or retain and sustainably use the environment in which the species live. This paper highlights how development projects can affect biodiversity conservation and the challenges in achieving sustainable development. The paper discusses a case study of the Kihansi Spray Toad (KST) (Nectophrynoides asperginis) from its discovery, extinction in the wild, captive breeding and subsequent reintroduction to its native habitat; focusing on events, challenges, approaches in addressing issues, future prospects and achievements in the conservation of this endemic species. There has been considerable success in KST husbandry in captivity and reintroduction trials of …

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Effect Of Natural Blue-Green Algal Cells Lysis On Freshwater Quality, Kessy Kilulya, Titus Msagati, Bhekie Mamba Dec 2017

Effect Of Natural Blue-Green Algal Cells Lysis On Freshwater Quality, Kessy Kilulya, Titus Msagati, Bhekie Mamba

Tanzania Journal of Science

Blue-green algae grow in freshwater bodies when they are provided with suitable factors such as nutrients and appropriate weather conditions. Their cell lysis occurs naturally when they encounter unfavourable conditions.  This study reports on the types and amounts of fatty acids added into freshwater due to the algal cell lysis. The investigation on the amount of fatty acids released into water due to algal cells lysis was performed by placing samples in two compartments, one with no light allowing the algae cells to die while the other compartment was kept in favourable conditions enough to sustain the life of algae. …

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Nuclear Analytical Techniques In Tanzania: A Review, Yusufu Koleleni Dec 2017

Nuclear Analytical Techniques In Tanzania: A Review, Yusufu Koleleni

Tanzania Journal of Science

It has been a tradition to perceive that Nuclear/Atomic radiations are only related to Nuclear/Atomic bombs, heavy ammunitions and consequently applications for human and non-peaceful destructions. In this paper the questions on how the Nuclear/Atomic radiations may be used for peaceful applications and specifically to Tanzanian situations are presented. Methods like Energy Dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (EDXRF), Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE), Electron probe Micro-Mass Analysis (EPMA), Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) for investigations of different types of samples in geology; environmental, medical, biological and chemical are discussed.

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Comparison Of Equations For Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate In Screening For Chronic Kidney Disease In Asymptomatic Black Africans: A Cross Sectional Study, Geoffrey Omuse, Daniel Maina, Jane Mwangi, Caroline Wambua, Alice Kiyua, Elizabeth Kagotho, Angela Amayo, Peter Ojwang, Rajiv Erasmus Dec 2017

Comparison Of Equations For Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate In Screening For Chronic Kidney Disease In Asymptomatic Black Africans: A Cross Sectional Study, Geoffrey Omuse, Daniel Maina, Jane Mwangi, Caroline Wambua, Alice Kiyua, Elizabeth Kagotho, Angela Amayo, Peter Ojwang, Rajiv Erasmus

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Several equations have been developed to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The common equations used were derived from populations predominantly comprised of Caucasians with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some of the equations provide a correction factor for African-Americans due to their relatively increased muscle mass and this has been extrapolated to black Africans. Studies carried out in Africa in patients with CKD suggest that using this correction factor for the black African race may not be appropriate. However, these studies were not carried out in healthy individuals and as such the extrapolation of the findings to an asymptomatic black …

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Cseas Weekly Bulletin (December 5, 2017), Center For Southeast Asian Studies Dec 2017

Cseas Weekly Bulletin (December 5, 2017), Center For Southeast Asian Studies

CSEAS Bulletin

No abstract provided.

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Progression Magazine, 2017 Winter, Coastal Carolina University Dec 2017

Progression Magazine, 2017 Winter, Coastal Carolina University

Progression Magazine

Magazine of the College of Science at Coastal Carolina University.

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Exploring Tutors Experiences In Teaching Local Language As A Subject In Primary Teachers Colleges (Ptcs): Case Of Ntinda Ptc In Uganda, Khaitsa Margaret Dec 2017

Exploring Tutors Experiences In Teaching Local Language As A Subject In Primary Teachers Colleges (Ptcs): Case Of Ntinda Ptc In Uganda, Khaitsa Margaret

Master of Education

This study explores tutors experiences in the teaching of local language in Primary Teachers Colleges in Uganda. The study conducted aimed at the teaching of local language in the Four Colleges in Uganda. It further looked at challenges faced by tutors in teaching of local language in PTCs. The study involved six tutors and one Deputy Principal purposely selected from the four Primary Teachers Colleges in Uganda. The same study employed qualitative approaches and exploratory case study design to collect data through observation protocol and one- on- one semi-structured interviews. The findings show that tutors teach local language in English …

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Using Stories In Teaching Mathematics In Lower Primary One Class In A Public Primary School In Pallisa Uganda., Aber Jane Dec 2017

Using Stories In Teaching Mathematics In Lower Primary One Class In A Public Primary School In Pallisa Uganda., Aber Jane

Master of Education

This collaborative action research was conducted to examine the extend to which teachers use stories in teaching mathematics in lower primary one class, and the challenges they face when using stories in order to seek possible ways of using stories to teach all the themes in mathematics strand to enhance acquisition of numeracy skills by the children. The study was carried out in a conveniently selected public primary school in Pallisa Uganda from 11th of September to 6th of October 2017. The lower primary one class was purposefully selected and the participants were two teachers teaching the primary one class. …

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The Roles Of School Management Committee In School Improvement: The Case Of Public Secondary School In Zanzibar, Nassor Mzee Juma Dec 2017

The Roles Of School Management Committee In School Improvement: The Case Of Public Secondary School In Zanzibar, Nassor Mzee Juma

Master of Education

The School Management Committees (SMCs) were introduced with the aim of improving educational management through the involvement of parents in schools. Its introduction based on the idea that in order to realize the goals of acquiring quality education and bringing about school improvement there was a need for active participation of the entire community. This study explored the roles SMC plays for school improvement. The study employed a qualitative research approach with a case study design in one of the secondary school in Zanzibar. Multiple data collection methods, namely, semi-structured interview, focus group discussion and document analysis were used to …

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Investigating Parental Involvement In Their Childrens Education In A Government Aided Secondary School In Maracha Uganda, Alesi Judith Dec 2017

Investigating Parental Involvement In Their Childrens Education In A Government Aided Secondary School In Maracha Uganda, Alesi Judith

Master of Education

The concept of parental involvement in their children‟s education has been core in enhancing students‟ academic performance and life in general regardless of their socio economic background. Families provide the base upon which the learners are supported in their social, moral, financial, psychological and academic growth which ushers them into great achievements. This study therefore aimed at investigating parental involvement in their children‟s education in a rural secondary school where most parents are of low socio economic status, and how they offer their support both at school and at home. Based on the context of the study, we should acknowledge …

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Investigating Approaches That Inform Methods Teachers Use While Teaching Essay Writing – A Case Of A Public Secondary School In Taita-Taveta County, Kenya., Audrey Rita Shiyayo Osore Dec 2017

Investigating Approaches That Inform Methods Teachers Use While Teaching Essay Writing – A Case Of A Public Secondary School In Taita-Taveta County, Kenya., Audrey Rita Shiyayo Osore

Master of Education

Writing is a complex language skill that influences the process of thinking and learning. Essay writing has a significant impact on the achievement of students not only in English but also other subjects that are examined in English. Teachers of English have a pivotal role in effective development of essay writing skills among students. Literature shows teachers’ knowledge and skills in integrating the strengths of product, process and genre approaches to teaching writing skills is indispensable in nurturing competent essay writers. That is why this study sought to find out what approaches informed methods teachers used while teaching essay writing. …

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Investigating The Use Of Multimodality To Promote Literacy Development In Early Years In Kenya, Naomi Muthoni Murungi Dec 2017

Investigating The Use Of Multimodality To Promote Literacy Development In Early Years In Kenya, Naomi Muthoni Murungi

Master of Education

Literacy development in early years of children’s learning is very important because it determines success or failure in their future literacy learning. Young children need to be guided into new dimensions in communication and meaning making processes that promote their literacy development. Multimodality is believed to be one such approach that can be used by teachers to achieve this goal because, it draws its strength on the socio-cultural nature of literacy that recognizes the importance of children’s funds of knowledge-the knowledge and skills that children bring from their homes and community. In this study, I sought to find out whether …

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Examining Techniques Of Teaching Mathematics To Visually Impaired Pupils In Inclusive Classroom: The Case Of Juakali Primary School In West Nile Region, Uganda., Dranduga Augustus Dec 2017

Examining Techniques Of Teaching Mathematics To Visually Impaired Pupils In Inclusive Classroom: The Case Of Juakali Primary School In West Nile Region, Uganda., Dranduga Augustus

Master of Education

The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of techniques of teaching mathematics to visually impaired pupils in inclusive classroom. Basing on the findings of the study recommendations have been forwarded to stake holders of schools including mathematics teachers, the school administration, the district education officers, teacher training colleges and curriculum developers. The study employed qualitative case study design. The data collection methods were interviews, focus group discussion and observation. Purposive sampling techniques was used to sample the 13 participants of the study. Qualitative data were coded, the codes were collapsed basing on emerging concepts so as to …

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The Integration Of Learners With Emotional And Behavioural Difficulties In Mainstream Primary School Curriculum: An Examination Of Teachers And Teaching Challenges In Mombasa County, Kenya, Kennedy Chege Njuguna Dec 2017

The Integration Of Learners With Emotional And Behavioural Difficulties In Mainstream Primary School Curriculum: An Examination Of Teachers And Teaching Challenges In Mombasa County, Kenya, Kennedy Chege Njuguna

Master of Education

The study was conducted to investigate the integration of Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (EBD) learners in mainstream primary schools curriculum in Mombasa County in Kenya with focus on the examination of teachers practice and teaching challenges. The study has reviewed Kenya’s milestones in realising the Millennium Development Goals and the Education for All goals with regard to the integration of learners with EBD in mainstream curriculum and the educational provision for children with EBD in Kenya. A case study design involving a mainstream school was adopted. Data was collected using interviews, observations and document analysis, which was then systematically coded …

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Investigation Of Procedures Of Assessment Used For Preprimary Children - Moshi Municipality, Tanzania, Laurent Festo Manyono Dec 2017

Investigation Of Procedures Of Assessment Used For Preprimary Children - Moshi Municipality, Tanzania, Laurent Festo Manyono

Master of Education

Assessment in preprimary school is one of the most important components in education to promote teaching and learning in schools. This study focuses on procedures of assessment used for preprimary children in Moshi municipality. In chapter one there is background, rationale, research questions, statement of the problem, delimitation, limitation and conclusion. However, the study was guided by the three research questions which were reflected throughout the literature review. Qualitative method was employed to collect data in three preprimary classes under primary schools in Moshi municipality where semi-structured interview and document analysis were the main instruments complemented by observation. Thus, data …

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Secondary School Mathematics Teachers’ Utilization Of Professional Development Programs In Kenya, Josephine Kerubo Nthiwa Dec 2017

Secondary School Mathematics Teachers’ Utilization Of Professional Development Programs In Kenya, Josephine Kerubo Nthiwa

Master of Education

The role of professional development is to provide teachers with knowledge and skills to improve both instructional strategies and learning outcomes in terms of examination results. Although secondary school mathematics teachers in Kenya have attended professional development (IN-SET) in SMASSE and other programs, the examination results in mathematics at the KCSE has not significantly improved. This study explored how teachers of mathematics in secondary schools utilise knowledge and skills gained in professional development programs (PD) in the teaching and learning process and the challenges that hinder effective implementation of the strategies gained. The study sought for evidence that PD gains …

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Use Of Multimedia In The Teaching And Learning Of Poetry In English In A Public Secondary, School In Migori County, Kenya: An Action Research, Monica A. Odhiambo Dec 2017

Use Of Multimedia In The Teaching And Learning Of Poetry In English In A Public Secondary, School In Migori County, Kenya: An Action Research, Monica A. Odhiambo

Master of Education

The modern technological innovations are reshaping the educational landscape, influencing the pedagogical practices in today’s classrooms. In the 21st century, it is irrelevant to insist on conventional methods of teaching, which perpetuate teacher-centered pedagogy and use of print-based materials as the primary resources to facilitate the teaching and learning process. Consequently, teachers are rethinking the way they should teach vis-a-vis the way their students should learn. Multimedia has become one of the popular technological tools used to improve the teaching and learning process. The use of multimedia presentations offer students differentiated avenues to access curriculum content in their own preferred …

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Exploring Use Of Teaching Aids In The Teaching And Learning Of Mathematics In Secondary Schools In Uganda Maracha District, Badaru Florence Dec 2017

Exploring Use Of Teaching Aids In The Teaching And Learning Of Mathematics In Secondary Schools In Uganda Maracha District, Badaru Florence

Master of Education

The research to explore the use of teaching aids in the teaching and learning of mathematics in a secondary school in Uganda maracha district. The study tried to find out how secondary school teachers are using teaching aids to teach mathematics. The researcher employed a qualitative research approach and used case study research design as research methodology. The researcher used interview and focus group discussion techniques to collect data on the mentioned topic in `Yi`ba secondary school in Maracha district. From this sampled school, the researcher recruited six participants (mathematics teachers) selected purposively from the population of teachers in the …

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Exploring Mathematics Teachers’ Perceptions Of Professional Development In Tanzanian Secondary Schools: A Case Study Of Two Public Secondary Schools In Ilala Municipality In Dar Es Salaam, Tatu Selemani Irunde Dec 2017

Exploring Mathematics Teachers’ Perceptions Of Professional Development In Tanzanian Secondary Schools: A Case Study Of Two Public Secondary Schools In Ilala Municipality In Dar Es Salaam, Tatu Selemani Irunde

Master of Education

This study focused on mathematics teachers’ perceptions of professional development (PD) in Tanzanian secondary schools. The study was conducted in two public secondary schools in Ilala Municipality, in Dar es Salaam. The schools were selected purposively. The participants of this study were head teachers, academic teachers, heads of mathematics departments, and mathematics teachers. The data collection methods used in this study included interviews, surveys, focus group discussion (FGD), and document analysis. The findings of this study were analyzed qualitatively through thematic analysis. The study found out that, teachers perceived professional development as programs to improve teaching as well as continuous …

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Exploring The Implementation Of Tanzania Pre-Primary Curriculum Of 2016: A Case Study Of Nachingwea District, Tanzania, Bakari Chambo Dec 2017

Exploring The Implementation Of Tanzania Pre-Primary Curriculum Of 2016: A Case Study Of Nachingwea District, Tanzania, Bakari Chambo

Master of Education

Implementation of the 2016 pre-primary curriculum in Tanzania started in February 2017 preceded by orientation of teachers about the changes of the curriculum. The orientation was conducted by the Ministry of Education Science and Technology (MoEST) under the Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE). This qualitative case study explored the implementation of the new pre-primary curriculum in schools which implement SESEA project in Nachingwea District, in order to document the effectiveness of the trainings in equipping teachers with skills related to the implementation of the curriculum, challenges that still exist and the needed support for further improvement of Early Childhood Education …

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